Inkqubo yeBhajethi nemigaqo yayo

Inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ichaza isicwangciso semilinganiselo yokuqokelela, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemali ezijolise ekuphunyezweni kweenkqubo zentlalo ebalulekileyo, ukubonelelwa koomatshini bokulawula, kunye nokuphucula inhlalakahle yabemi.

Uxwebhu oluyinhloko lwezemali kweli lizwe libhajethi karhulumente, evunyelwe nguRhulumente kulo nyaka okhoyo. Ukuba sicinga iRussia Federation, ngoko ke inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Ibhajethi (yaseburhulumenteni).
2. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezifundo ze-federation.
3. WeNgingqi.

Ibhajethi yeRiphablikhi igxininisa zonke iimali ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kwaye iya kuxhasa iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zolawulo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentlalo, ukugcina izixhobo zamasolwandle zelizwe, nokugcina izixhobo zokulawula zikarhulumente. Ukongezelela, inxalenye yemali yabelwe amaxabiso-mali aphantsi afunekayo.

Ngokwemigangatho yesakhiwo, ezimbini iingxenye eziphambili ziyabonakala: ingeniso nenkcitho. Iyokuqala yenziwe ngokufumana iintlawulo ezigunyazayo kwaye ziquka imithombo eyahlukeneyo. Inxalenye yenkcitho ibonisa indlela yokwabiwa kweemali eziqokelelweyo ngokwecebo eliphambi kokuvunywa. Xa kuqikelelwe uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwexesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko ukuhambelana nokulinganisela okuzinzile kwamanqaku aphikisayo. Ngokwenza oko, kunzima kakhulu kwaye kaninzi akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kwisikhundla sokulingana.

Ngokumalunga nelo xesha likhoyo loqoqosho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luba lula, oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kweemali kungaphantsi kwe-outflow. URhulumente ubeka umda kwisixa semali, ubuninzi obungakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Emva koko imilinganiselo yempembelelo isetyenziswe, njengokwenziwa kocwangco. Kubandakanyeka ukunciphisa iindleko zorhulumente kuzo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi yazo. Kuphela ngamanqaku athile akhuselwe ngumthetho okwangoku aphantsi kokungabikho.

Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula imigaqo enjalo yenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali:

• Umgaqo wobumbano uchaza ukuba kukho isiseko esisemthethweni kuzo zonke izifundo zoqoqosho, okubonisa ukuba inqubo ethile yokuchitha imali, imigaqo emanyeneyo yokuxhasa iimali ezihlukeneyo zolawulo, iifom ezinobumbano zokuhlala ngaphandle nje ngeendlela zokuhlala, kodwa kunye nemibutho karhulumente.
• Inkqubo yebhajethi yelizwe kufuneka ihlelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuba umzimba ngamnye ogunyazisiweyo uyazi ngokucacileyo amalungelo kunye neemfanelo. Ingakumbi ixhala malunga nokubunjwa nokusabalala kwebhajethi kuwo onke amanqanaba. Okokuthi, amanqanaba aphantsi anelungelo lokulawula inxalenye yenkcitho ngokwabo, ukuba isigqibo esithathiweyo asiphikisana nemimiselo yomthetho.
• Umgaqo wokuzimela uthetha ukuba yonke ibhajethi inelungelo lokwenza imithombo yabo yemali engenayo, ukugqiba iimfuno kunye neemali zentlawulo eziyimfuneko ekuphunyezweni kweenkqubo zentlalo ebalulekileyo.
• Umgaqo wokugqitywa kokuhamba kwemithombo yemali kuthetha ukugcinwa ngokucophelela kwamaxwebhu kunye nokuveliswa kweenkcukacha ezifunekayo, okwenza kube lula ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo inani lokufumana imali evela kumthombo ngamnye okhoyo kunye nobubanzi benkcitho yabo. Ngaloo ndlela, amabhunga olawulo anethuba lokubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo nokunyaniseka kokwabiwa kwezibonelelo zemali kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Ukongezelela, inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kufuneka ihambisane nemigaqo yokukhanya, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulinganisela. Ngaloo ndlela, izigqibo ezithathwe kuwo nawaphi na amanqanaba kufuneka zivuleleke nabani na ofuna ukukwazi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, izicwangciso zezemali kwixesha elizayo lokunika ingxelo ziprintwe rhoqo kwaye zishicilelwe kwiimpapasho ezizodwa.

Ekugqibeleni, kungatsholwa ukuba inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali isicwangciso esincomekayo semibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo enomgomo wokuphucula ubomi bezakhamuzi, kunye negama lelizwe kwibala lehlabathi.