Mali sichaze

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali karhulumente yinto ebalulekileyo yokwenza ukuba ukusebenza naliphi na ilizwe abafuna kwezibonelelo zemali ukwenza imisebenzi yazo.

Kuba okokuqala ibe single Luqikelelo iindleko kunye nengeniso wazama eNgilani ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha.

Ngexesha nokubunjwa kwayo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali karhulumente yabonakaliswa ingqikelelo yengeniso kunokwenzeka kunye nenkcitho kweli lizwe. Le nkcazo ihambisana neemfuno ixesha. imvelaphi balo ngenxa imfuneko ukudala iseti idibene izibalo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ingeniso nenkcitho kwi iziganeko ezibalulekileyo uphawu lwesizwe.

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso yoluntu inkcazelo wasebenzisa lixesha. Ngenxa yoko, ingqiqo mali karhulumente kuyaqala ufumane umlinganiswa kwesicwangciso engundoqo zemali, ukuchonga kunye intshukumo ubuninzi loovimba-mali eli lizwe.

Ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi karhulumente kwandisa inani imithombo inkcitho, ingeniso. State mali, isakhiwo intsonkothile, kwaye urhulumente ezinxulumene kunye nezinye izicwangciso.

Kwi-Russian Federation, nesicwangciso sezimali kweli lizwe eyenziwe kangangonyaka. Ekupheleni kwale xesha, urhulumente ingxelo ngentsebenzo yakhe.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali karhulumente ilikhonkco ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ngokutsha sengeniso yesizwe ngokudlala kwi yokuzala lwentlalo indima ekhethekileyo. ukwabiwa Ngoko ke, ngokusebenzisa isicwangciso oyintloko zemali luyaqaliswa ka-50% kumvuzo yesizwe kumazwe amaninzi malunga 3/4 zonke iimali. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente unika ithuba lokuhlangana kuphela iimfuno ngokubaluleka zesizwe, kodwa ngamandla nempembelelo esebenzayo kwi yonke ubomi bentlalo, ezalisekisa utsho inkqubo yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente.

A isikhundla elinikwa-mali karhulumente, ngokunika ngayo amandla omthetho. Ngako oko, isicwangciso engundoqo zemali evunywe yi imizimba wongameleyo yowiso-mthetho (ipalamente). Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso inyanzelekile kubo bonke abathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo zemali.

mali yelizwe kubaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Okokuqala, oko kuchazwe into yokuba isicwangciso zemali ngenkqubo ingeniso, ulwalathiso isixa-mali kube nefuthe kwiinkqubo zentlalo-qoqosho. Phakathi kwezi kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngakumbi, ingqesho, umsebenzi ishishini, yokurhweba ngempahla yabathengi kunye nezixhobo, kunye nabanye.

Iinkalo eziphambili kwisicwangciso ke inkcitho yengeniso amacala ezingundoqo zemali. On icala ingeniso i ziyanakanwa nemithombo yemali, inkcitho - iinjongo apho ngqo imali wabutha.

Kuba imithombo yengeniso iquka umba irhafu (umba eyongezelelweyo) mboleko kunye nemali nephepha, mboleko karhulumente (amanqaku promissory, izibambiso, njl), kwakunye mboleko sisenokwamkelwa yi nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, inxenye isakhiwo flow kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- hayi ngaphantsi kwe-50% yohlahlo-mali iya iimfuno zentlalo;

- malunga ne-20% ijolise ukugcina amandla yokhuselo eli lizwe.

Imali eseleyo bafakwa uphuhliso lwezibonelelo (lonxibelelwano, iindlela, imbonakalo, njalo-njalo), ukugcinwa amatyala karhulumente (debt), ukubonelela amashishini-mali.

State mali, imisebenzi ekungabalwa lonikezelo (ngokutsha) kunye nolawulo, kungekuphela nje ingqondo kwi ezandleni okuphatha iimali zoburhulumente, kodwa ukuba iliso ukufaneleka kunye nokuphelela lungeniselo kwabo kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, isicwangciso engundoqo zemali kubonisa iinkqubo eziqhubeka ngaphakathi kubume kwezoqoqosho.