USergey Dovlatov, umbhali: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi

USergei Dovlatov - umbhali owamxelela ubomi bakhe ngokwabo ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Ibali leqhawe leengqungquthela kwiincwadi zakhe sele liyi-autobiography.

Leningrad

Kwintsapho yaseLeningrad yonyango kaDonat Metchik kunyaka wokuqala weMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic, kwazalwa unyana owawuthabatha igama leDevlatov kamva. Umbhali, owaba ngumfundi wabafundi kwiminyaka edluleyo, wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokuqala e-Ufa. Wayekhonza kuloo mmandla, wasebenza kwiphepha le-Leningrad elipapashwe ngokubanzi, wakhonza njengobhala kwaye wenza njengesikhokelo. Ngethuba lakhe elithile wayebhala amabali amfutshane. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ncwadi yeDevlatov eLeningrad yapapashwa. Njengoko kunjalo, nakweyiphi enye idolophu yase-USSR.

USergei Dovlatov ngumbhali onobudlelwane bakhe, njengobomi, buzele ukudabuka nokuzimela. Umntu obhalayo akakwazi ukuyeka umsebenzi wokubhala, kuba luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yobukho bakhe bonke. Kodwa ukuba umntu ohlala kwilizwe lamazwi akaboneleli ngezinto eziphathekayo kumntu omthandayo, ufumene kwimeko enzima. Indlela yokuphuma kule meko i-Dovlatov yayifuduka.

ENew York

Ihlabathi elihluke ngokupheleleyo libonwe kulo mzi waseMerika ngumbhali waseDovlatov. Ubomi bakhe buquka ixesha eliyiminyaka elishumi lokuhlala ekuthinjweni. Le minyaka wayesebenza njengombhali weendaba kwiincwadi ezidumileyo, wayesebenzisa inomathotholo oluqhelekileyo lweRashiya, kwaye ngoko kwakufika kuye udumo. Imisebenzi yakhe yayivuyiswa kakhulu ngabantu abaphila ngexesha elide: uKurt Vonnegut, Irving Howe, uVictor Nekrasov, uVladimir Voinovich. Iincwadi ezilishumi elinesibini i-Dovlatov yapapashwa phesheya. Uninzi lwalo luguqulelwe kwisiNgesi, isiJamani kunye nezinye iilwimi ngexesha lobomi bomlobi.

Ukufa kwamfica kwi-ambulensi. Amamitha ambalwa ahlala esibhedlele. Ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha unetyala lokungakhathali, ngenxa yokuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwakungekho ninshuwalense yonyango, kunye nexesha elizayo. Kwintendelezo yesibhedlele kubahlwempuze kwafa enye yapapashwa kakhulu namhlanje, ababhali - uSergei Dovlatov. Umlobi u-Igor Efimov wathi ngaye: "Wafa ngenxa yokungazifanelanga." Ukuzukiswa nomdumi owaziwayo kuthiwa enye yezitalato zaseNew York.

"Indawo"

Umbhali walolu bali kwelinye leencwadi kuye umvakalisi wachaza ukuba iziganeko ezakhayo isiseko sakhe esandulela isithuba sakhe somlobi. Umculi uba ngumntu xa ekwazi ukukhupha imifanekiso kunye nemigca yamabali ukusuka kwidokodo elimnyama.

Ngobutsha bakhe, u- Ernest Hemingway wayengomnye wabalobi beDevvatov abazithandayo . Kuyacaca ukuba, phantsi kweempembelelo zaseMelika kunye nehlabathi, i-dovlatov eyakhekileyo yindlela yokwenza: ukuthembeka, ukulingana, ukungabikho kwemifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umbhali we "Mhlaba" ngokwakhe uthe, wayefuna ukufana noChekhov kuphela. Abantu abulula kunye neemeko apho bafumana khona, abanomdla kuye.

Ibali elithi "Indawo", njengeminye imisebenzi, yapapashwa kuqala eMelika. Le ncwadi ibonakalisa umhlaba wezobugebengu, obungqina bakhe nguDevvatov ngokwakhe. Umbhali wachaza iziganeko ngohlobo oluthile oluthusayo. Ukusebenza njengomphathi, wabona izinto ezihlaselayo kunye nokuzingela kwehlabathi apho afunyanwa khona. Kodwa ndakwazi ukuhambisa yonke into endiyibonayo ephepheni ngokulula, ngaphandle kwepathos. Ulonwabe, ukuzonwabisa, uvuyo, umsindo, umona - zonke ezi zigaba zikhoyo nakweliphi na uluntu. Kwaye akunandaba ukuba ngubani amalungu akhe - izigebengu okanye abantu abalungileyo. Ngendlela elula kwaye engenangqiqo ingaba yimincili kunye nethemba lomntu obanjwe entolongweni, phantsi kweemeko zobuntu, umntu unokubona ukungabikho komsebenzi. Kodwa uSergey Donatovich, mhlawumbi, ngoko waba umbhali, ukuba wakwazi ukucinga ngomfanekiso weklasi "wendoda encinane" ngexesha.

"Indawo"

USergei Dovlatov ungumlobi encwadi yakhe ibe yinto eqhubekayo yentlekele yakhe. Abalobi abaninzi abengowesizukulwana sakhe, babandezeleka. Abazange baqaphele kwilizwe labo, bahlala phantse kwintlupheko, batyhutshiswa ngabaphathi beKGB. Kodwa imisebenzi yaseDovlatov, ngokuchasene nayo yonke imivimbo yexesha elizayo, igcwele ingoma kunye nokuzimela. Oku kuyimpawu ezahlukileyo zeprose yakhe.

Iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba, u-Dovlatov wasebenza kwi-Pushkin Nature Reserve, kwiNgingqi ye-Pskov. Iincwadi zakhe azange ziprinte. Akukho nto yokugcina intsapho ihlangane. Kodwa kungekhona umsebenzi wesicatshulwa waphefumulela umbhali ukudala enye incwadi yokuzimela, kunye "nomntu omncinci".

Ngombono ongavamile, umbhali we "Reserve" uchaza abalinganiswa bakhe. Indawo ekhethekileyo ithathwa ngokuqala ngombindi wesibini u-Ivan Mikhalych: indoda ephuzayo, kodwa ihloniphekile, njengoko ingaqokeleli okanye ikhuphe iibhotile. Umfanekiso othakazelisayo wesidakwa sasezidolophini, ubuntu obunqamlekileyo bendawo yokulwa, ingxoxo engathandekiyo kodwa engathethekiyo kwiofisi yegosa likhuseleko likarhulumente. Kwaye konke oku kuhambelana nemvelaphi yeziganeko eziqhubekayo ezibangelwa ukuhlukana kwintsapho. Esi sisipho esingavamile seDovlatov: kubalulekile ukuba ungabhali, kodwa ukuthetha, kwaye kulula ukuba ngcono.