IJapane: Iinguqu kunye neCandelo likaRhulumente

Emva kokuphula ukuxhatshazwa kweempi ze-shogunate kulo lonke leli lizwe, urhulumente waqala ukudala into entsha yelizwe. Umgaqo osisiseko sakhiwo sombuso senziwa . Emva kokumkelwa kwakhe ngoJuni 1868 u-Edo wabizwa ngokuba yiTokyo (i-Eastern Capital), ixesha lolawulo luka-Emperor Mutsuhito lalibizwa ngokuba nguMeiji (urhulumente okhanyisiweyo). Ngentwasahlobo ka-1869 inkundla yasemkhosini yasuswa eKyoto iya eTokyo.

Iinqununu zombuso waseMeji zifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba iJapan, eyahlukana yaba yi-270, iinqununu ezizimeleyo, ayinakukwazi ukujamelana nokusongela ubukhoboka bekholoni. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza baqalisa ukuguqulwa kwentlalo-qoqosho. Inkqubo yesigqeba sobukhosi yachithwa, inkqubo yokuhlawula i-feudal yachithwa, inkululeko yokuthengisa kunye nokuthengwa komhlaba, ukukhethwa kobugcisa, indawo yokuhlala yayivakaliswe, kunye namanye amanyathelo aphakanyiswe ukuba abe negalelo ekuvelweni kwemarike kazwelonke.

Ukupheliswa kwamagosa kunye nokuqaliswa kwezikhundla, inkonzo yemikhosi, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwenkqubo yemfundo kawonkewonke kukuphelisa ukungahambelani kwamanye amazwe, kwakhokelela ekubunjweni koburhulumente obumbeneyo. Uninzi lwezi zinguqu zenziwe njengentsebenziswano kunye neklasi ye-feudal; Umzekelo wale nto ingaba yindlela apho iinqununu ze-feudal zenziwa khona.

NgoJulayi 1871, umyalelo wombuso wanikezelwa ukuhlawulela iinqununu zangaphambili kunye nokwakhiwa kwamanqwanqila, oorhulumente ngoku amiselwe ngamagosa karhulumente, kunye nabaphathi bexesha langaphambili banikezelwa iindleko ezinkulu zokuhlawulela umhlaba kwaye banikezelwa izihloko eziphezulu zobukhulu.

Ngomnyaka we-1873, umthetho wenziwa ngokutsha kweerhafu yomhlaba, ngokubhekiselele kuyo irhafu yonyaka yangaphambili, ehlawulwa ngokuxhomekeka kwimvuno, yatshintshwa yerhafu yerhafu ibalwa ngokuhambelana nexabiso lomhlaba. Irhafu yerhafu esekelwe ngubukhulu bayo yayilingana, okanye idlulile, yerhafu yangaphambili, ihlawulwe kwikosi ye-feudal. IJapane: Ukuguqulwa nokuguqulwa kombuso ...

Ukuguqulwa kwelokushiya umhlaba emva kwalabo abakhoyo ngokwenene, ngoko kuqinisekiswe inkqubo yeendawo eziphantsi komhlaba.

Ukubanjwa kombuso kaJanuwari 3, 1868, kunye nokuguqulwa okukulandeleyo, ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi "Meiji Restoration", ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala njengenguqu ye- bourgeois revolution. Ukubaluleka kwabo kwembali kubandakanya ukupheliswa kweenkqubo zaseJapane kunye nokubunjwa kwelizwe likazwelonke elihlangeneyo. Ngeli xesha amazwe aseNtshona ajika elinye ilizwe lasempuma emva kolunye kwii-coloni zabo, iziganeko zeMeiji zavumela iJapan ukuba ikhusele isigqila sobukhosi, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni kwezoqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko.

IJapane: Ukuguqulwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwemoya