Guy de Maupassant: ubugcisa obufutshane kunye nobugcisa, ifoto

Omnye wabalobi abadumileyo baseFransi , umbhali wezobugcisa behlabathi, ogama lakhe lingathandwanga ixesha, nguGuy de Maupassant. I-biografi yalo mlingiswa, njengengxaki yabalinganiswa bakhe, igcwele ubukrakra nokunyaniseka. Le ndoda yayingesabi ukuchaza iimpawu zabantu eziziphetheyo.

Ubuntwaba obumnandi kummandla wonxweme

Indawo yokuzalwa yombhali yayiyi-Upper Normandy, ehlala kwicandelo lasenyakatho-ntshona yeFransi. I-novelist yabonakala ngo-Agasti 5, 1850, kwinqaba yaseMirenil, ehlala kufuphi needolophu ezihle kakhulu ze-Dieppe.

Uyise wenkosi uvela kwiintsapho ezihluphekayo. Kubafazi, wathabatha intombazana egama linguLaura le Poatwen, onentsapho yakhe ibe yinkalo yesigqeba esiphakathi. Abafazi babethandana, kwaye iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bentsapho yayonwabile kakhulu.

UGu de de Maupassant wayehlala ebonwabile kwaye engakhathazeki ebuntwaneni. I-biographie yenkwenkwe yayisondelelene nolwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo wayedlala nabantwana abahlala kwihlabathi elunxwemeni, ngokukhawuleza bafunda indlela yokudada, abanokwazi ukuloba baze bahamba ngomkhumbi. Yibonga kule mijongo kamva isebenza ngokuthi "Isandla", "Intambo", "KwiNkundla yeLwandle", ibhalwe "Umntu onxinyiwe".

Ukujamelana nokunyaniseka

Ngo-1856, enye inkwenkwe yabonakala kwintsapho. UHerve, umzalwana kaGuy, wayenengxaki yokugula ngengqondo ekuzalweni kwakhe. Iingxaki ezifanayo zinomama wombhali. ULaura wayegula ngeentsholongwane kunye nokucima.

Kule minyaka embalwa ezayo, umoya ohlala endlwini yabo encinci utshintshile. Ubomi obusasazekayo bukayise bekhokelela ekuqhawuleni umtshato. Umfazi kunye nabantwana bakhe bathuthela. Kwakungoku ngeli xesha ukuxhamla okuthe ngqo phakathi komama kunye nendodana yakhe. ULaura waba ngumntu uGu de de Maupassant waphulaphula ngaphandle kwembuzo.

I-biography emfutshane ichaza ngeminyaka yakhe yokufunda. Ngesicelo sikamama, le nkwenkwe iya kwi-seminary ye-seminary. Wayekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi ololo hlobo unokunika umntwana wakhe ubomi obumnandi nokukhululekile. Kodwa kukho indoda ibonakalisa njengomntu onokuxhaphaza kunye novila, ihlale igxeka inkqubo yemfundo kuphela, kodwa inkolo ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe okubi, akafakiwe.

Ukubhala njengenjongo yobomi

Kwakule minyaka uthabathe amanyathelo okuqala ekusebenzeni ubugcisa bezandla kwaye wabhala izibongo ezilula. Unina wayesekela intshiseko yakhe. ULaura wayengumqhubi weencwadi, wafunda ezininzi kwaye waxoxisana neengcinga zeepeni zalo xesha. Nguye owamnceda unyana wakhe ukuba azi Flaubert. Waba ngumcebisi kwaye wavusa isitayela apho uGuy de Maupassant wabhala. I-biography kunye nomsebenzi walo mbhali babunxulumene ngokusondelene nalo mntu.

Emva koko le nsizwa ingena eRouen Lyceum. Apha bathetha ngaye njengomfundi onamandla kunye neetalente. Umfana uthanda iincwadi, uthatha inxaxheba kwimveliso yemidlalo.

Emva kokufumana idiploma ngowe-1869, ekunyanzeleni kwakhe unina waya eParis ukuba afunde umthetho. Kodwa akafanekanga ukuba abe ngummeli. Ngowe-1870, uMnu .. wabhalwa kumavolontiya waza wasuka kwimfazwe yaseFranco-Prussia.

Umhlaba ukwenzela

I-France engapheliyo yawela phantsi kwengcinezelo yaseJamani. Kwiminyaka kamva le ntombazana yabuyela emazweni asekuhlaleni. Kwangexesha elide abasebenzi basekhaya bevukela amagosa amiselweyo, kwaye urhulumente omtsha wawasebenzelana kakubi nawo. UGuy de Maupassant wabona zonke iziganeko ezigazi. I-biografi emfutshane ibonisa ingqalelo encinci kwimpilo yakhe yengqondo, kodwa ukuba uyigcina ingzulu, kuyacaca ukuba umntu onomzamo omkhulu akazange ahlasele.

Ukugxininisa ukuphazamiseka kwemihlaba, ukuphazamiseka kunye neengqondo zadluliselwa kuye kumama. Ummangaliso wokwenene kukuba uGuy akazange alahlekelwe nguye kwaye wakwazi ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, ngokungafani nomzalwana wakhe uHerve, owachitha ixesha elininzi kwisibhedlele sengqondo. Indoda eyayinenkinga yokuzivocavoca, eyayenzayo ukugcina impilo yenyama.

Utshintsho lwezopolitiko lwamvimbela ukuba athole isiqinisekiso somthetho. Isikhundla sezimali seentsapho saphelile. Umfana osemthandweni wanyamalala, kwaye esikhundleni sakhe wabonakala u-cynic Guy de Maupassant okhohlakeleyo. I-biography yakhe ingqina: ukuze incedise intsapho, indoda yahlela ukuba isebenze njengegosa. Kamva kwimisebenzi yakhe nganye le nxalenye yobomi yayikho.

"Ubaba oyise"

Ngeli xesha wayesebenza iminyaka elilishumi. Ngowe-1872, kwingxoxo kunye nonina, u-Guy wavuma ukuba ubomi bemihla ngemihla bebuhlungu, ulahlekelwa iincwadi. ULaura waphendula ngokuvelana. Ibhinqa inquma ukuba uGustave Flaubert uya kunceda unyana wakhe. Iprose-realist yayingumhlobo omhle womzalwana wakhe oseleyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo wazama ukuzisa italente encinci kwilizwe elinzima leencwadi.

UFlaubert ngokwakhe wayenemikhwa emibi. Kamva bawamkelwa nguGuy de Maupassant. I-Biographie (ifoto yesibini yeFrance ingabonwa kwizinto eziphathekayo) yombhali sele isondelelene kakhulu nomfundisi wakhe owaziwayo.

Maupassant noFlaubert

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu baninzi ngamabali malunga nolwalamano lo mbhali kunye nosapho olukhankanywe ngasentla. Uninzi lwabo lwalubi. Abantu bathi uFlaubert noLaura babenomthandayo, abavela kwiintlanganiso zabo uGuy. Baye bahleba ngothando ngombhali omdala kumntu osemncinci. Kodwa akukho mahemuhemu aqinisekiswa.

Ngaphantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo lomcebisi uMaupassant wasebenza ngentshiseko. Wayechitha iiyure ezimbalwa ngemini emsebenzini kwaye wadibana notitshala nganye iveki ukunika ingxelo. UFlaubert wayegxeke ngentshutshiso, walungisa ngokuthembeka waza wakuthumela ngokugqithiseleyo into ebhalwe ngumfundi. Umcebisi omdala akazange avumele ukushicilela de kube umsebenzi uphelele.

Kamva ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumaphephandaba kukho imisebenzi kunye nesayineli "Guy de Maupassant". I-biography ye-career yakhe yokudala yaqala ngo-1880, ngokupapashwa kwincwadi ethi "uPyshka."

Ukunyuka kwincwadi

Umsebenzi wokuqala wenza impumelelo yangempela kwi talente encinane. Ibali lichaza malunga nehenyukazi yaseFransi enhle. Unomusa kakhulu kwaye unentliziyo elula. Endleleni abaqeshwe bawa phantsi. Ibhinqa kunye nabamelwane bakhe kwi-carriage bayeke kwindawo yokulala. Kulapho, igosa lasePrussia libukela kwi-puff. Ibhinqa iyenqaba.

Abahlobo kwi-crew bayamkela ukuthanda ubutshaba nomfazi kwaye baxhasa umoya wakhe. Kodwa ngelixa echasa, ukuhamba kuye kwahlehliswa. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba igosa lithintela ukukhululwa kwentombazana enengqondo, kunye naye kunye nabahlobo bakhe abatsha. Ngaphantsi kokuhlaselwa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe, isidlo sesidlo sichitha ubusuku nomntu wempi. Ngomso ozayo unobangela wokugweba izimvo zakhe zohlobo lwezolo.

Umxholo wobumbano wabantu waboniswa kulo msebenzi ngumbhali. Iqhawe ngalinye elibhalwayo liyiyo. Abalinganiswa bakhe basakhangele uluntu kunye neenjongo zabo kunye nokuloba ubomi. Ukunyaniseka nokunyanisekileyo kwakunomfundi uGuy de Maupassant.

I-biography ngemihla ichazwe ekupheleni kwinqaku, kodwa ngoku siqhubekele phambili kwisigaba sokugqibela sobomi bombhali.

Ukungafi naKufa

Ngowe-1880, umhlobo nomcebisi omkhulu kaMaupassant, uFlaubert, wafa. Emva koko umbhali weprose usebenza ngokuzimela.

Eyaziwa ngokuba nomnqweno, uMaupassant wayenamahloni amaninzi kunye nabantwana abathathu, abangazange bazi. Indoda ihamba ngeenqanawa phantsi kwegama lencwadi efanayo-"Mhlobo Othandekayo". Kule mihambo uzisa izinto ezintsha, ezonwabisayo. Uninzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo inkosi ihlala phantsi. Uhlushwa yi-insanity kunye ne-syphilis, awayeyifumene nayo njengomfana. Xa ezama ukuzibulala, ekugqibeleni ulahlekelwa ingqiqo. Umbhali wafa ngoJulayi 6, 1893.

Kule tafile sichaza ngobomi bombhali onjalo njengoGuy de Maupassant. Itheyibhile yokulandelana (i-biography kuyo ayifumanekanga ngokupheleleyo) iya kunceda ukulandelela izigaba eziphambili zobomi bakhe.