Yintoni umsebenzi: umxholo, iimpawu kunye neenveli ezivelele

Uwuphi umsebenzi kwiincwadi? Ziziphi iimpawu zayo? Ziziphi iintlobo zemisebenzi yolwazi? Konke oku, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza. Uncwadi oluqhelekileyo luzaliswe ngamagama amakhulu, elowo lwazisa into entsha kwimiba enjengomsebenzi. Yiyiphi intsha?

Nguwuphi umsebenzi: umxholo, uphawu, izitayela

Umsebenzi kwiincwadi ubizwa ngokuba nguwuphi na umsebenzi owenziwe ngokucacileyo wombhali. Ingaba ngumbongo omncinci, inomxholo omkhulu, kunye nomzekeliso oqaqambileyo, kunye nemifanekiso. Umsebenzi ukwahlukana nobukho befomati yendawo, oko kukuthi, ukuchazwa okhethekileyo kweziganeko ezenzekayo. Kwakhona, nayiphi na indalo yokudala inesimo kunye nentetho yayo. Ingaba ngumsebenzi wesayensi , ubuxoki okanye umyalezo weendaba. Yonke into incike kumbhali kunye nezizathu eziye zamkhokelela ekwenzeni ubugcisa bakhe. Uwuphi umsebenzi? Ngoku kuye kwacaca: le nto nayiphi na into yokudala eyenziwe ngumlobi.

Umsebenzi weencwadi zangekhulu le-19: amagama aphezulu kunye nobuchule babo

Inkulungwane ye-19 kwiincwadi zesiRashiya kuthiwa yigolide, kuba ngoku kuchanekileyo ngeli xesha ukuba iPushkin ikhule, iLermontov i-melancholy okanye i-psychological Tolstoy. Ukubanjelwa kweDostoevsky kunye nobunzima beTurgenev banamathele kwiingqungquthela zesintu seTyutchev ne-Fet. Yintoni eyahlukana nekhulu le-19 ukusuka kwabanye? Okokuqala, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, umsebenzi kaPushkin. Isiqu seTsarskoye Selo Lyceum saqala ukufumanisa italente yakhe nakwiindonga zesikolo sakhe esikulo, kwaye ngeli xesha izibongo zakhe ezinkulu ziya kuzinikezelwa. Okwesibini, ii-comedies ezinkulu zikaGogol noGriyedyedov, kwaye ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka kunye neChekhov, ziya kubakhokela abahloniphekileyo kunye nabasemagunyeni ukuba bacinge ngezenzo zabo nobomi kuluntu. Okwesithathu, amava amaninzi engqondo kunye nendlela yokufundwa kwe-semantic kuya kunceda abafundi bakaLobert Tolstoy ukuba baxhamle kweli hlabathi elimangalisa ngengqondo yabantu, kwaye ukuchaneka kokusasazwa kwamava kuya kunceda abantu "baphile" inombolo. Okwesithathu, imisebenzi enkulu kaDostoevsky iya kubonisa zonke iintsilelo zoluntu lwaloo xesha, kunye kunye no-Ivan Turgenev baya kubeka ingqalelo abantu boluhlobo olutsha kunye nexesha elitsha.

Imisebenzi yekhulu lama-20

Le mi sebenzi iya kuhlala isemthunzini. Kakade, i-silver age yobudala beencwadi zaseRussia ayikho. Kukho amagama anamandla njengoMeakovsky, u-Yesenin, uBlok, uNabokov, uVasiliev nabanye abaninzi. Ingqungquthela kunye nobuthakathaka bokuqala kwangekhulu leminyaka banika abantu "iLu emagqabini" aseMayakovsky, "Ugqirha Zhivago" iPasternak, ephakathi nobunzima kunye nemisebenzi embi malunga nemfazwe kaBoris Vasilyev "Ukusalapha oku kuthulile ...", uAlexander Tvardovsky "uVasily Terkin" noVasil Bykov "uSotnikov" . Abalobi baseSoviet bafumana ukusa kwe-Soviet Union phesheya, ukusuka apho bathumela khona imisebenzi yabo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uNabokov noDevvatov.

Uwuphi umsebenzi? Kwiincwadi, eli liphela hlabathi, yonke inkqubo yobudlelwane phakathi kwabalinganiswa, ukudibanisa iimvakalelo zabo kunye nokuhlalutya kwezenzo. Le ntetho elula kunye nesitayela esicacileyo. Yingakho yonke into yokudala idinga ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, kuba umbhali ubeka umphefumlo wakhe kuwo.