Uhanjiso kunye reflex umsebenzi umnqonqo

Ubuchopho bomntu spinal yindlela enobuzaza ubunjwe "amalungu" ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Yaye ngamnye kubo kubalulekile ukuba ubomi bethu ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yokuba sibe lomqolo, sikubo. umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo kuyinto enkulu, leyo yena owenza. Ukongeza kuyo, kusekho umqhubi. Iyafuna ingqalelo ezi mpawu kwaye ufumanise ngamnye kubo into uxanduva.

Formation of umnqonqo kwi umbungu lwenzeka kwi esizalweni, yaye ngaloo mzuzu, xa kusekho akayiboni lokukhulelwa kwakhe. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga yokuqala, yabeka isiseko yokuqala kwikholam spinal. Noko ke, gcwalisa lasungulwa emva kokuzalwa kuzakuthatha ixesha elithile ngakumbi. Ezinye iindawo nobuchopho ekugqibeleni kwasekwa, xa umntwana ujika engama-2 ubudala.

njani umnqonqo

Kubonakala ngathi umnqonqo, ukwazi oko akubantwini bonke. Ngaphezu koko, asingabo bonke abantu sinengcamango yokuba yintoni indima yawo ebomini wonke umntu. Ngokuphathelele oku ukugcwalisa lo msantsa lwazi. Ukongezelela, abantu abaninzi ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba ingqondo kunye umnqonqo - yinto eyahlukileyo.

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba kutheni ufuna umsebenzi reflex le umnqonqo, zama ukufumanisa oko ikhangeleka njani. ukubona ngokuqinisekileyo apho iqala khona nalapho iphela khona umnqonqo, akunakwenzeka. Iqala ukusuka vertebra yokuqala ngezantsi nje, yaba lukakayi, ukudibanisa ngcembe kunye nobuchopho kule ndawo. Icandelo engqondweni kwaye umnqonqo yinto nje usana kunina, enyanisweni, umnqonqo kakuhle kwi intloko. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba la malungu mabini abe licandelo elinye.

Indawo umnqonqo kunye nemisipha yawo

Ubuchopho likhusela lukakayi spinal uthambo obufihlwe umnqonqo yaye singqongwe ingaphandle ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwezi yeyona ethe ezingcakacileyo, ezithambileyo. It sifihla imithambo yegazi eyisa izakhi ebuchotsheni. Ngamanye amazwi, umnqonqo yi luhlobo "umthunywa" ye yonikezelo amandla.

Ukuqhubeka ukuthetha ngendlela umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo, ayinako le ndebe ukudlula Ezecala lesibini kuhlalutyo isakhiwo arachnoid. Apha kukho isithuba ekhethekileyo, ekuthiwa subarachnoid. Kuyo yonke loo ubude yomqolo, oko izaliswe ulwelo fluid (CSF). Yaba naye uthabathe ngexesha puncturing kucazululo ukufumanisa imeko impilo umnqonqo.

shell yokugqibela ibekwe ngaphandle kwaye umphezulu nzima ukuba likwazi ukunika zikhusela ngokonzakala ezahlukeneyo lwangaphandle.

Iimpawu umnqonqo

Xa abantu abadala umnqonqo ubude ukuya ku-45 cm kunye nobubanzi 1.5 cm. Ubunzima Its ngokulumka imilinganiselo engekho ngaphezulu kwe-35 grams. Ingqondo yonke yahlulwe yangamacandelo eziliqela, nto leyo isuka ezingcanjini ezahlukeneyo:

• entanyeni;
• lwebele;
• empontshwa;
• yenkolo;
• coccyx.

Ngoko njani umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo, ummandla wesibeleko kunye empontshwa-sacral na kwezona ndawo zibalulekileyo yomqolo. Kulo mba, ukuba ukhuseleka ngcono - indalo uthathe unonophelo kuwo, eyenza ziyatyeba futhi luthe kakhulu. Kuyinto kwezi iindawo luvo ezibalulekileyo, esinokubangela imiphumela emibi kuba bengaphumelelanga. Umnqonqo wesibeleko nokwanda lweengcambu, linoxanduva intshukumo kwezandla. Iingcambu kwicandelo elisezantsi banoxanduva intshukumo nemilenze.

Umnqonqo yabantu ulawula umsebenzi onke amalungu zangaphakathi. Ngamnye kubo ezinxulumene naliphi isebe elithile. Ukongeza, yonke lomsele spinal yohlulwe ziqwempu, yaye nganye kwezi masebe unenani yayo. Iintamo zazo 8, webele - 12 empontshwa kunye sacral-5, uze coccygeal kubo omnye okanye emibini.

Yintoni ngaphakathi?

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba ukuqinisekisa indlela kugqame kunye umsebenzi conductive ye umnqonqo, jonga ngaphakathi. yonke ingqondo ukungafani ezahlukeneyo kumafa kunye nombala. Xa iziko lo mbandela ongwevu, nto leyo singqongwe amhlophe. Ngamnye kubo linoxanduva imisebenzi ethile, nto leyo kuza kuxoxwa.

into gray

into Gray okanye grisea substantia amelwe iintsika eziliqela abaqhagamshelwe kwenye nenye amacwecwe amabini (ngaphambili kunye ezantsi), ebizwa spikes. On icandelo kwenye yezi yeentsika kubonakala ukuba lo mba ezingwevu imilo ufana ibhabhathane ngamaphiko ukusasazeka okanye ileta H. Latin

Ukongeza, unako kwakhona uqaphele ukuba ubuncwane ukwandisa uqikelelo ezaziza ekuthiwa iimpondo ngenye indlela. Baya kuba mhlawumbi ngaphambili, phezu kodonga ngaphambili nangasemva aphilileyo owayame eludongeni umva. Kwaye ke isibini sokuqala kwaye okwesibini, kwaye ube imilo elimxinwa yaye ububanzi. Kodwa ukongeza ngaphambili nangasemva, kukho kwakhona iimpondo icala, apho amaziko yenkqubo yawo nervous azifakwanga.

Yintoni umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo? Inyaniso yeyoba, e-iimpondo sobuKristu luhlobo eyodwa luvo motor, iinkqubo leyo zenza iingcambu luvo.

into gray Middle Kudlula ijelo engundoqo, nto leyo nayo ezaliswe utywala. Inxalenye eliphezulu umjelo liqhagamshelaniswe le ventricles lobuchopho. Kule meko, onke amacandelo: i ventricles, lomsele engundoqo kunye nendawo subarachnoid othatha inxaxheba lokuhamba ulwelo fluid.

into emhlophe

okumhlophe - substantia alba, iingubo ezingwevu, kwasekwa iseti luvo, nabo bangenayo iintlobo ezintathu:

• phambi;
• lingena;
• icala.

Kulo mzekelo onke iingcambu zibe kumacala ahlukeneyo, kwaye abanye babo ezinxulumene ngqo ingqondo kunye nenkqubo luvo (emva koku nje CNS). Ke ukuba umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo kukuba ukuze adlulisele imiyalezo-luvo lwemoto le nto hina, ingxaki mba emhlophe neuronal - ukunikezelwa ekhawulezileyo la kwizihlunu namalungu le Oblongata Medulla. Ngenxa yoko, waqonda ukutshintshwa onke amaqela kunye umnqonqo.

Nazi iindlela ukudlulisa kakhulu lonke ulwazi malunga ubuntununtunu kunye neentlungu. Kanye ngaphambi kokuba ufake neuron, ulwazi kuqala ifikelela ingqondo esiphakathi, uze kuphela nemikhanzi kwi kwindawo yayo engqongileyo.

Umsebenzi yobuchopho bethu

Kuba umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zichanekile webhunga zinyuka uxanduva kunye neendledlana zisihla. imilambo zakutsha eziqala usebenzisa krasnoyadernyh kunye neendlela lateral. Ngawo la iindlela zenziwa Uhanjiso reflex kunye nomsebenzi umnqonqo. iindlela krasnoyaderno-spinal Ngenxa eziveliswa azilawule motor ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngoxa ukuze amaza engenasizathu onoxanduva osecaleni cortico-spinal endleleni.

Zonke iingcambu unikwa imithambo zobuqu kunye yegazi, ngenxa yokutshata esiqhumeni neurovascular. umqadi ngasinye unoxanduva kuphela kwisigaba bayo kwaye ikwimowudi intanethi, ngokuhlalutya iinkcukacha engenayo kunye ekudluliseleni amaza eziyimfuneko.

Kokoyiswa imiqadi kukhokelela utshintsho ezinzulu zophendlo lwezifo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayibuyiseki umva emzimbeni womntu. Kwaye ngoko ke iingcali owayenokugqiba ekubeni yeyiphi umqadi yayonakele, kunye neentlungu lobulali, inani lezifundo kuya kufunwa.

umsebenzi reflex

emzimbeni wethu ngokugqibeleleyo izicwangciso, yaye zonke umfutho kwangaphandle, umzimba wethu uziva ngokwahlukileyo. Oku kusekelwe phezu ikhaliphe inkqubo yokuzikhusela. Thina ethimla, ekhohlela, ukufumana ukutsha, iqala isandi esibukhali okanye indlela yabo basabela njani zemimoya umoya. Ezi zonke imizekelo umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo kunye nemisebenzi efanayo kwenzeka ngaphandle kolawulo lwethu.

Ukuze sikwazi ukuphendula nayiphi na into, kuquka nemeko ebalulekileyo kwi bonke ubuso ulusu lwethu ibekwe nociceptors. Njengoko umzekelo ocacileyo: irwece ngeketile eshushu okanye nakuwuphi na umgangatho, siya phantse nangoko itsala ngesandla sakhe. Izinga ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kube nzima ukuqonda ixesha elimisiweyo. Kuba reflex kwakheka umsesane yesibini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izihlunu kunye nokuncipha.

Uyakwazi ukunika omnye ityala rhoqo. Emi ezihambela simunce inxalenye umsi okanye uthuli ukumiswa tsala impumlo, ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela kokuqala. Ngoko, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ngexesha elingephi le nkcazelo yafunyanwa, kwaye "abavikeli" zethu ziye bayalelwa ukuba ukukhulula umzimba phambi namaqumrhu angaphandle.

umsebenzi Uhanjiso

Ngoko ke, oko kuchazwe umsebenzi reflex ye umnqonqo, ke ngoku icace, ungaya kwi enye, nayo ingxaki ebalulekileyo - macingo. Ihlala ekudluliseni lwemiqondiso ngokunyuka iindlela engqondweni engundoqo. Ukususela oko, ngokuxhomekeke meko, isantya yomendo ezantsi mayibhekiswe igunya.

umsebenzi Uhanjiso ivumela ukuba enze isenzo olunentsingiselo:

• ukuthatha okanye ulilahle;
• ukuma okanye uhlale;
• uhambe kancinci okanye ukubaleka;
• echaza ngayo;
• kunqunyulwa.

Zonke ezi zinto senza ntoni kubomi bemihla ngemihla: kusekhaya okanye emsebenzini kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo nje musani uqaphele.

Konke oku ingqondo uqhagamshelo, umnqonqo, yonke inkqubo luvo, izibilini amalungu omzimba womntu iyenza ihluke ubume bayo. Nkqu irobhothi eziphuhlileyo abakwazi ndoqhayisa inani labo iintshukumo, onako ukwenza nayiphi bioorganisms.