Unxibelelwano lamagama kweli binzana. yonxibelelwano Indlela igama

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ntoni na ulwalamano lamagama ibinzana, yintoni iintlobo lukhona, nokuba zahluke enye kwenye. Lo mxholo ufuna ethile ingcaciso terminological.

Ngokukodwa, ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na iindlela ukudibanisa amagama, kufuneka kuqala isigqibo sokuba yintoni elithi "ibinzana elithi". Emva koko, siya ugqithele umbuzo wokuba yintoni ubudlelwane lamagama kweli binzana. "Isifundo" ukuqhubeka ingqalelo yethu eneenkcukacha zolawulo, ulungelelaniso kunye unxulumano bagqiba incam encinane ungasebenzisa, kungekhona ukuba impazamo kwindawo yabo.

Qaphela ukuba oku isisifundo ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba uviwo ihlawulwa ingqalelo elikhulu umbuzo wokuba yintoni na uqhagamshelwano lamagama kweli binzana. Hlola oku zonke iinguqulelo iquka inkcazo iintlobo zonxibelelwano.

Inkcazo "ibinzana elithi"

Ibinzana - ukudibanisa amagama amabini okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ngokwegrama ezinxulumene ngengqiqo yokuba isebenza ukuchonga ingqiqo ethile eyodwa dissectively (isenzo, umgangatho injongosenzi okanye into ngokwawo, kunye nabanye.).

Kuyinto iyunithi syntax ezisebenza umsebenzi ngokunxibelelana (ngamanye amagama, yinxalenye yalo) nje inxalenye yesivakalisi.

Namhlanje othathwa ukuba esiwasebenzisayo iikhompawundi amagama athile isekelwe phezu ubuhlobo ngaphantsi, oko kukuthi, kufuneka abe khona amacandelo amabini - inkosi elithembekileyo ilungu. Abanye abaphandi lwesakhiwo kweelwimi kwakhona iquka ukuhlanganiswa iindawo yohlobo olunye nesivakalisi iqela eyahlukileyo - amabinzana coordinative, kodwa siya anamathele yokuhlela zemveli, kwaye zingabandakanywa ingqalelo yethu kuba ukuze athathe indawo kuba ulawulo, ulungelelaniso kunye contiguity, oko kukuthi, iindlela zamagama zonxibelelwano, sinomdla kuzo, kufuneka iindawo ezinentsingiselo zentetho ezazixhunyaniswe eyile ubudlelwane ngaphantsi.

homonymy lwegrama

Cinga, umzekelo, indibanisela yamagama "funda ngokwam." Apha kukho isiphumo Izikweko ekuthiwa-ntetho. Eli binzana buza imibuzo emibini: "Funda ngaye?" yaye "Funda ntoni?". Xa enze isono, xa esinayo inqondo na ufunda ngokuvakalayo, "ngokwam" ukhonza isihlomelo, kwaye - izingqiniso, ngoko, oko ezikufutshane kundoqo. Kwimeko yesibini, xa ixabiso yi "okwangoku" inxalenye oxhomekeke yokuthetha lisetyenziswa ifom mzekelo, oko kukuthi, kuba ilawulwa yi the main, yaye ke iya kulawula.

Masikhumbule ukuba kwisivakalisi, amagama kunokuba kunxulumene nayiphi ngaphantsi okanye iqhina coordinative, ekubeni kukho iindidi ezimbini kubo: ukuthobela kunye nomsebenzi.

Yintoni umsebenzi?

Ukwakhiwa - ambaxa elizimeleyo ngalinye kwezinye izinto ezilinganayo, okanye syntactically. Oku kunokuba ikhonkco kwisivakalisi esilula amalungu yohlobo olunye (kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, iikati nezinja), okanye inxalenye yesivakalisi (okanye conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo leqela).

Yintoni uhambisa?

Ukungeniswa - link iziqalelo saa zombuzo (amalungu isivakalisi esimbaxa, kwakunye amagama ngamnye kulo).

Xa ibinzana kukho unxibelelwano kuphela owayamileyo phakathi iindawo ezibalulekileyo zentetho. Ngoko ke, xa wamenywa ukuba ukufumana kwisicatshulwa kuququzelelo, ulawulo, okanye contiguity, oko kukuthi, i-compound i uxhulumaniso owayamileyo kufuneka ngoko nangoko zisuswe isangqa ekufuneni kwethu ngenxa indibanisela imixholo kunye nesivisa (oko kukuthi, isiseko ngokwegrama isindululo), izivisa ezimbaxa ngomlomo kunye wesiqhelo kunye namagama ezitshayelela . Yeyona lokugqibela kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kuba unxibelelwano owayamileyo kwifomu enye okanye omnye abe ukunikezwa etshayelelayo kunye namabinzana. Imizekelo: "Into zagcwala esibhakabhakeni Mhlawumbi umbane.". Apha, i "mhlawumbi" - igama xingheniso. Kodwa ibinzana elithi "Ndicinga" yaye "yena wathi:" - esi sipho intshayelelo kunye nendibaniselwano.

Isivumelwano, contiguity kunye nolawulo - ezi eziphambili iintlobo ngaphantsi ngokuphathelene.

Ukutshatisa: inkcazo

Ukutshatisa - ulwalamano lamagama ibinzana, apho uhlobo walo ifaniswa oxhomekeke ezingundoqo, oko kukuthi isetyenziswa inani elifanayo, isini kunye mzekelo, njengoko loo nto libhekisela - sisibizo okanye enye inxalenye yokuthetha intsingiselo yawo: "Bafowethu sabalilayo "okanye" hayi nayiphi "into" hyphenated ". Ukuba utshintsha utshintsho eziphambili kunye negama oxhomekeke.

Ngawaphi amazwi abe likhoboka xa thethana?

Okubhaliweyo nzima ukufumana indibaniselwano nalo olu hlobo lonxibelelwano, ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ube owayamileyo igama (oko kuxhomekeke) abavelayo ungasoloko utshintsha kuphela inxalenye intetho: isimelabizo bunini (iingxelo zakho), xa kuthelekiswa (oko kuthetha), indeksi ( ukulenza eli nyala), Identification (zonke iintlobo imiphumo, konke okulungileyo), izimelabizo okubi (nangayiphi na indlela), bethingaza (abanye abahlobo), izichazi (umthwalo engcwabeni, ukunqongophala epheleleyo inkululeko umthwalo onzima), umthendeleko ezipheleleyo (bushuyu inkanyamba conductive) kwakunye amanani olandelelwano (omabini) kunye nezibizo zokusebenza engaguqukiyo, ezinxulumene inombolo kunye ityala ngelizwi ephambili (ngaphandle kokuba sesibizo ungahluka kwamanani); azalwe njengoko kusoloko efanayo, ngoko ke, ngenxa ekuvunyelwene ukuze akafani binzana. Imizekelo: isakhiwo esitsha, unina-utitshala.

amagama substantivized

Iziphawuli participles inxaxheba ulwalamano enjalo iindawo ezibalulekileyo zentetho, njengoko kudityaniso, ukuba mayahlulwe njengoko amagama ebizwa njalo-substantivized, oko kukuthi, lobudlelane kunye neziphawuli esele bawela kulo udidi kwezibizo: "Liyinyaniso ngokulinganayo amahlwempu, yaye okulungileyo." La magama mabini ( "zimbi" yaye "ezilungileyo") zenze igama eliyinhloko zombini, apha ochazwa ukulawula ngenxa yokuba izibizo kule meko. Sibuza umbuzo othi: "ubhekisela ntoni?". Kwaye ke impendulo: ". Kwaye kumahlwempu, yaye ezilungileyo"

namba

Ityala olulodwa ubunjwe zemihlathi amanani iimpawu. Zisoloko ngokuthanda nemisebenzi oxhomekeke amazwi, kodwa akubi njalo. Umzekelo, kwi wesenzo kunye nominative ezifana namanani ihlale ilungu isitshixo, kunye nezinye iintlobo - le ilawulwe. Unga ukuthelekisa zivakalisi zilandelayo: "Mna ndasebenza iminyaka engamashumi esikolweni," yaye "Ndiza ukusebenza ukuya iiyure ezintandathu." Indibaniselwano amazwi 'ukuya kwiiyure ezintandathu, "eli nani" ezintandathu "kwi genitive ilizwi zixhomekeke. Ungacela lo mbuzo: "Ukuya na ukusebenza zingaphi iiyure?". Kwaye ke impendulo: "Ukuya ezintandathu". In elithi "minyaka imashumi mabini" igama engundoqo a Inani u "mabini". Lo mbuzo ukuba abuze oku kulandelayo: "? Abangama-ntoni". Kwaye esiphendula: "Iminyaka engamashumi." Eli tyala - ulawulo. Ulwimi Russian lidla wasebenzisa ibinzana enjalo.

Management: Inkcazo

Sithe chu enyakanyakeni ukuya kuhlobo esilandelayo ukudityaniswa iinxalenye ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zentetho. Management - uxhulumaniso lamagama binzana, ungachazwa ukuba igama abaxhomekeke (isibizo okanye enye inxalenye yokuthetha umsebenzi wayo: igama substantivized, isimelabizo, a nani (jonga kwi zombini / bahlale / ngayo / umhlobo)) iya kufakwa ifomu kwimeko ethile ( nge isalathandawo okanye ngaphandle kuyo), apho kungenxa ilungu eliyintloko, intsingiselo yalo lungelelanisa nelulwimi. Ngenxa yoko igama inokuba sisibizo, isenzi, isiphawulo, isandiso, inombolo ngokulinganayo wesenzo okanye yesivakalisi, imeko igama search.

Ngamanye amazwi, le nto iphambili ukusuka oxhomekeke kufuna ezinye iintlobo kunjalo.

Qaphela ukuba igama elithi "ulawulo" kanye usibekile uthsuphe wokuba ukuba ngamabinzana Russian kule hlobo luphawulwa kolawulo igama omnye nomnye.

Iimpawu zolawulo

Nale hlobo lonxibelelwano amalungu uxhomekeke kusoloko ukuphendula imibuzo iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo, "wamkhumbula ibali", "kufuneka ukuba oko bakundululwa", "ndandikhonza mini," "ziboniswe apha endleleni," kunye nabanye.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye ngamabinzana Russian, nangona into yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba abuze abanye, oko kukuthi izibaluli, imibuzo (ukhonza (apho) kunye (on nantoni) kwi indlela?) - oku ulawulo, ngokuba amanqaku izalathandawo phambi kwabo.

Ngenxa yoko, izaba - oko kusoloko uphawu ukuba eli binzana - ulawulo, kunokuba contiguity.

Junction: Inkcazo

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele uhlobo yokugqibela zonxibelelwano. Junction - yinto uqhagamshelwano olunjalo amazwi ibinzana, apho kuyo ngokwegrama, kodwa ngokulandelelana okufanelekileyo (ukutsho oko, phakathi kwentsingiselo) wavakalisa uxhomekeko amagama ayamileyo, imvakalozwi kunye odolo zazo. Kuphela iindawo engaguquki ukuthetha kuba kufuphi: le nethi, isihlomelo asilogama invariable (Khaki) kunye namandla isalamane kwayo, i elula (abantwana abadala), sisibizo njengesikhali isicelo engavunywanga (umzekelo, kwiphephandaba "Moscow News"), esoqobo zabo, naye, sakhe. Inoku engqondweni, kulula ukufumana kwisicatshulwa uxhulumaniso lamagama ibinzana elithi "contiguity". Ngapha koko, lo gama ngokwayo sikhanya: ixhomekeka ichaza kubalulekileyo, uzibandakanya kuye.

iimpawu contiguity

Igama ephambili nendibaniselwano ezinjalo kunokuba isenzi, isibizo, isiphawulo, isandiso, ixesha ebelidlula kunye gerund.

Simele sinikele ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ngolwalamano amagama isimelabizo bunini ayo, yayo, yazo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo iintlobo izimelabizo zoqobo, homonymous ke musa ukutshintsha, ngoko benze kuphela kulo mba, njengoko contiguity. Umzekelo: "Ngomso oku kufuneka ukuba ungahlali." Apha "it" - luhlobo isimelabizo somntu, "yena" kwimeko genitive, ngoko phambi kwethu kulo mzekelo, ukuphathwa uqhagamshelo. Yaye esinye isigwebo - "Amehlo akhe ziluhlaza" - oku isimelabizo bunini, leyo akaguquki, ngoko ke lu dityanisiwe igama engundoqo usebenzisa kuhlangana khona.

Ityala elikhethekileyo contiguity

A Eyonanto ibalulekileyo yale hlobo lonxibelelwano - oku xa ilizwi isebenza njenge nethi oxhomekeke: "Ndiya kulibiza ukugcina up ngokwembonakalo." Kwesi sivakalisi amagama "kufuneka athobele" - hayi njengesivisa edityanisiweyo ngomlomo, kuba intshukumo yenziwa ngabantu ezahlukeneyo (entities): I Sibanga kunye nokuthobela wena / yena / bona, njalo njalo, ngoko, ukuba umntu / iziko kule meko .. Bathi iyavumelana, kunokuba yinxalenye vavisa.

Kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa intetho Union - isimelabizo isihlobo "umntu", "yintoni", "ngubani", "indlela", "yintoni", "ngubani" iifom leemeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo (inxalenye enye yokuthetha isenzo elula zogxininiso), kwakunye izihlomelo nje, njani, kutheni, kutheni, phi, nini, phi, apho - nazo abaxhomekeke amabinzana oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana.

sinqumo

Ngoko ke, xa kujongwa ukuba uhlobo lesiphumo okanye binzana ukusebenzisa ekhawulezileyo zilandelayo:

xa thethana igama ngundoqo oxhomekeke ineemfuno ezintathu - inani, isini kunye icala;

i Ukuphathwa imfuneko enye kuphela - ityala;

xa banqumle nto iyafuneka.

Kuyanceda ukuba ukukhumbula ulwazi ukuba nolwalamano olunjalo amazwi kwetafile binzana.