"INkosana yeSiliva": ngezahluko, isishwankathelo somsebenzi

Enye yemisebenzi edumileyo kwiincwadi zesiRashiya kwinxalenye yesibini ye-19 leminyaka yincwadi kaA.K. UTolstoy "INkosana yeSiliva." Ngokweziqendu, umxholo omfutshane wolu msebenzi kunzima ukuwubuyisela, kuba ibali lebali kunye nokwahlukana kwintlukwano kunye nokujika okungalindelekanga, izigcawu ezinamandla, ukufakwa kwangaphambili kwamagama amasha kwisicatshulwa. Khumbula ikhosi yeziganeko ezinzima ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukuchazwa ezininzi, okokuthi, ngokugqithiseleyo, idlulisela umbala wexesha.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi yomsebenzi

Enye yeenveveli eziphambili zaseTolstoy yayingumsebenzi "iPrince Silver". Ngokweziqendu, isishwankathelo esifutshane salo msebenzi kufuneka sixoxwe ngokuqulunqa imigca yamabali kwiziganeko ezinkulu ezihlobene nenye okanye enye yabalinganiswa. Kodwa ukuba uphendule ngokuthe xaxa kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele iinkalo ezibalaseleyo zeemveli, ezihluke kakhulu kwezinye iincwadi zenkonzo.

Incwadi yapapashwa ngowe-1863 kwaye yakhawuleza ithathwa ingqalelo kuluntu. Abanye babemjonga njengembali ebalabala kunye nengcacileyo malunga nexesha lika-Ivan elibi kakhulu kwaye wayibongela umbhali ukuba ahlaziye elinye ixesha elimangalisayo nelinomdla kwimbali yaseRashiya; abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, babecelwa ukuba umsebenzi wawuthandana kakhulu kwaye unobungqina bomoya nangentsingiselo, ukuba phantsi kokulawulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwabonakala Phindela emuva. Imithombo yomlobi "Imbali yombuso waseRashiya" i-Karamzin, i-monograph ebomini bemihla ngemihla yabantu baseRussia, kunye neengoma zengoma, iingoma, iimbali.

Umgca

Ixesha lolawulo luka-Ivan elibi kwaye i-oprichnina yakhe yazinikezelwa kwincwadi "iNkosana Serebryany". Ngokweziqendu, umxholo omfutshane walo msebenzi kufuneka ugcinwe ngekhanda ngokuhambelana nokubonakala kwabantu. Iintathu zokuqala zazo zizinikezele ekufikeni komlingiswa oyintloko, voevoda Nikita Romanovich Serebryany ukuya eRashiya emva kokungaphumelelanga kwe-ambassy yaseLithuania, ngexesha apho azama ukufumana uxolo, kodwa akazange afinyelele injongo yakhe, kuba wayedlala ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa izidibanisa zamanye amazwe zaziqhinga. Ukudlula edolophini, ubungqina ubungqumbo be-oprichniki kwaye, ebaphatha ngokuba ngabaphangi, bebetha ukuhlaselwa ngoncedo lwabahlali bendawo. Omnye wabo uyamkhumbula kwaye uthembisa ukukhalaza kukumkani ngokwakhe ngokuziphatha komfana.

Uphuhliso olungaphezulu

Incwadana "iPrince Serebryany", izahluko zayo zifishwankathelo esifutshane kulo mbandela wokuhlaziywa, lunomdla kwimibandela yobomi bemihla ngemihla yekhulu le-16. Iziqendu ezine ezilandelayo zizinikezele ekuchazeni ukufika komntu oyintloko kwinkundla yasebukhosini, ukumkela kwakhe kunye nokutya emagumbini. Apha umbhali unikeza ingxelo eneenkcukacha ngokutsha kwenkqubo, eyasungulwa ngexesha apho i-voivod yayingaphandle. Umbhali ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuziphatha okubi kweentshaba zintsha ezitsha kule ncwadi "iNkosana Serebryany." Isahluko 8, isishwankathelo sichaza umthendeleko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda indlela umlobi ocinga ngayo eli xesha elinzima kwimbali yaseRussia. Kulapha apho iinqununu eziphambili ze-Ivan ezibuhlungu ziboniswa kwaye inkcazelo yazo inikwa. Kodwa okokuqala uTolstoy uvelisa umfanekiso wamagumbi obukhosi, ubuncwane bomhlobiso wegumbi, isidlo esikhulu - yonke le nto yokunethezeka, njengokuba kunjalo, imisa iimeko ezimbi ezilandelayo emva koko. Nanku umbhali uveza uMalututa Skuratov, uAthanasius Vyazemsky, noBoris Godunov, obani bakhe banomdla ngokubhekiselele ekubeni yena, ngoxa ehlala engumsekeli wombusi, kodwa wakwazi ukuthintela inxaxheba kwiintlondi zakhe.

Iintshintsho ezintsha zecebo

Incwadana "iPrince Serebryany" ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuchazwa kwamanani eembali. Isahluko 8, umxholo omfutshane ubudlelwane benkosi kunye ne-voivode, ubonisa ubuchule bombhali ngokuvuselela amandla.

I-tsar inika i-voivode, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ibonisa ukungabi nenceba kubantu abangavumelaniyo xa, ngomyalelo wakhe, umntu omdala owayengumntu onetyhefu. Ukususela kwisahluko-15, intando yothando phakathi komlingisi oyintloko kunye nomtshakazi wakhe wangaphambili, u-Elena Dmitrievna, uboshwe, okwangoku sele utshatile. Izahluko ezibini ezilandelayo zithetha ngokuthatyathwa nguVyazemsky, naye wayemthanda naye. Ngoko, enye yemibuzo enzima kakhulu kwiiklasi zesikolo isishwankathelo sezahluko "iNkosana Serebryany". U-Tolstoy kwizahluko ezingama-20 ulandisa malunga neentlungu zeqhawe lakhe, othunjiweyo entolongweni, kodwa wasindiswa ngumphangi oqhelekileyo, nendlela ahamba ngayo emva kweemfazwe kunye namaTatars waza wahlangana noFedor Basmanov.

Isiphelo

Ngelo xesha, umbhali uxela ibali lomfazi ka-Elena Dmitrievna, owabulawa ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwakhe nokuthe ngqo. Ixesha elifanayo lifikela ezinye i-oprichniki, apho izahluko ezingama-30 zinikelwe. Ukugqitywa kwayo kwafika inkcazo yemidlalo yeconagonist, owathi, emva kokuhlukana nentanda yakhe, waya kulwa eSiberia, apho wafa khona. Ngaloo ndlela, isishwankathelo sencwadana "iPrince Serebryany" ngezahluko ibonisa indlela enzima ngayo kunye nomsebenzi onzima.