Sezifo - ngubani na le nto? Yintoni umsebenzi katitshala-defectologist? Kutheni iiklasi umntwana defectology?

Abantwana - iintyatyambo yobomi! It inxulunyaniswa dream nabantwana babo nesizixabisayo lomzali ngamnye. Yaye into yokuqala kufuneka ibe kukuqinisekisa abazali bomntwana - ukukhula eyiyo kunye nophuhliso, ngoko ekufumanekeni zokwahluka lincinci kufuneka kwangoko ukufuna uncedo yeengcali.

Ngubani na lo sezifo?

Kukho umsebenzi idibanisa amayeza kunye pedagogy. It defectology. e defectology specialist kufuneka ibe yi best friend and nomcebisi yabantwana ezizodwa kunye nabazali babo.

Sezifo - njengotitshala ligxininisa eklasini kunye nabantwana abo barhuqe emva kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni.

Ziziphi iimpawu okufanele sezifo

Sezifo - isikakhulu ngumntu oye wafumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Kufuneka utitshala akwazi ukufumanisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo abantwana bafune iindlela ukubuyekeza kubo, ngokunjalo ukwenza kwikhosi yoqeqesho oluthile lujoliswe ekuphuhliseni ingxaki umntwana. Age udonga phakathi komntwana kunye neengcali kufuneka babe khona. Le yokugqibela kufuneka akwazi ukungena ukuzithemba isizukulwana esitsha yaye abe umhlobo umntwana.

Phakathi iimpawu zakho, ekufuneka utitshala-therapist, zezi zilandelayo:

• A inqanaba eliphezulu ubukrelekrele. Yimfuneko xa ekufundeni pathologists umsebenzi. Ootitshala kufuneka kakuhle kwaye uyibeke ngokucacileyo, oko kufanele ukuba sibe memory kakhulu, ukuba akwazi ukwakha indlela bamise iiklasi.

• ubuchule nokuqonda. Intuition edingekayo ukuze kuchongwe ubuchule oko kumlungele na kwimeko ethile.
• Uqwalaselo nenyameko. Ezi mpawu zimbini ziya kunceda ukuqhagamshelana naye umntwana izigqibo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha yakhe ayinike kwencazelo enengqondo.
• Zizwana. Yingcali kufuneka akwazi ukufumana ulwimi nabantwana kwaye kwakha nobuhlobo nabo, uhlale ukwazi ukuthetha umntwana kwaye ukumqumbisa zibe dialogue mazwe.
• ukugxila ngokweemvakalelo nomonde. luvo Strong - isitshixo ukusebenza kunye nokwanela pathologists zoqeqesho kunye nabantwana abakhubazeke ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni. Kufuneka uqonde ukuba defectology umsebenzi - abasebenzi abanezakhono.
• Ukusabela. Sezifo - umntu wokuqala lowo kufuneka beze ukubanceda abo basweleyo, kufuneka ungabi namdla iingxaki abanye abantu.
• Buchule. Yingcali kufuneka asebenzise isilumkiso kakhulu kwaye imbeko xa eqhubana Kiddies ezizodwa kunye nabazali babo.

elithile defectological

isayensi defectology ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezingundoqo:

• Theory - ukufundisa abantwana, ukuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo zombini ecacileyo kwaye engephi yinto yokuncedisa ukuva;
• umsebenzi ntle - zezemfundo abaselula kunye nophuhliso kwengqondo;
• amazinga emfundo - ukuqeqesha abantwana ephazamisa umsebenzi apparatus olubonakalayo;
• unyango kwintetho - ukufundisa abantwana, naphuhliso olo olwaye ngokufunda kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho ukuphazamiseka yokuthetha, waveza amagama.

Umsebenzi pathologists intetho: iinjongo kunye neenjongo

Iinjongo ezinikwe ngutitshala-therapist:

1. Khuphani umnqweno ukufunda ngokusebenzisa ezixhasayo.
2. Bavale yokuswela ulwazi jikelele, ukwenza uphuhliso izixhobo intetho, ukufundisa ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukufunda, umzekelo, umdlalo.

Ukunikela ingqalelo injongo ukusebenza nabantwana ezikhethekileyo abaziingcali wenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ndiqhuba umsebenzi zokulungisa ezinxulumene ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kuphuhliso umfundi.
• Enta uphando kwabantwana ngenjongo yokuchonga isakhiwo kunye nezinga iziphene okusegazini.
• Kwenza abafundi kunye norhulumente psychophysical efanayo kwi qela.
• Wenza iiklasi (kwiqela okanye ngamnye), nto leyo zijolise ekulungiseni izinto ezinxaxhileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuvuselelwa izinto ezisebenzayo. Iiklasi nabantwana ngxaki zisekelwe ekusetyenzisweni iindlela ezithile kunye namacebo. Ukhetho lwenkqubo methodological kuxhomekeke nkcukacha ze ezinxaxhileyo ekhoyo evela kubafundi.

• Ukubamba thethwano kunye incoko kunye nabazali babantwana aba kwisimo sakhe.

Ukongeza, therapist yabantwana kufuneka ngocwangco ukuphucula iziqinisekiso zabo abaqeqeshiweyo.

Imisebenzi katitshala-defectologist

1. Ndiqhuba oluneenkcukacha uviwo umntwana, ngokusekelwe leyo luxilonga ukukwazi ukufunda. Ukuba ezichongiweyo abakhubazeke zophuhliso ke, umsebenzi ezijolise ekwandiseni recovery kunye wemvula iintsilelo kuphuhliso.
2. kwiiklasi Ukuqhuba, esinenjongo uphuhliso iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko yengqondo (imbono, ingqalelo, inkumbulo, iinkqubo ingcinga, njalo njalo. D.).
3. Phuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano abantwana.
4. Phuhlisa egcina umsebenzi oonyana lodidi ethile yobudala. Ngoko ke, ukuze kubuyekezelwe uphuhliso lwabantwana zabasakhasayo enkulisa therapist ijolise kwimisebenzi yokudlala yabantwana besikolo - ukufunda, ukubhala njalo njalo ..

umsebenzi Pathologists: siseko yombutho

Ukufumanisa iingxaki zophuhliso kunye nokulungiswa kunye nokwakha indlela ebanzi, olusekelwe kumgaqo ubunye uxilongo kunye ilungiswe. Umsebenzi noxilongo lukwa yinxalenye isifundo olunzulu specialist umntwana. Imeko kwisaveyi mayibe yexhasayo, nobubele, ngaphandle ingxolo neyesithathu amaqela esindayo, incoko yababini - ethethela ezolileyo.

Uhlalutyo na ukunyhashwa kuphuhliso yenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela etiopathogenetic. umntwana ngamnye ezikhethekileyo wabetha inkqubo luvo, uhlobo ezi izilonda ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo inokukhokelela uqhushululu non-uniform kuphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ngoko ke, izifundo kunye defectology umahluko. Lomfundi ngamnye okanye kokuya esikolweni nganye liqulunqe uluhlu lweeprayorithi umsebenzi yoluleko.

Ekwenzeni isicwangciso somsebenzi kufuneka ingqalelo amaqela ubudala kwaye ingakumbi umlinganiswa ngamnye abantwana. Lo msebenzi mlonyeni yingcali umntwana, kufuneka icace kakhulu. Ukuba iimfuno umntwana uncedo ngexesha elifanayo iingcali ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kukho intsebenziswano ahlukeneyo oogqirha kunye nootitshala.

Kwinkalo yesifundo nganye encinane indoda ngutitshala-therapist ibonelela esweni eliguqukayo, iziphumo sinokwenza izigqibo mayela ukusebenza imisebenzi olungiso kwi iindlela ezahlukeneyo methodological.

Ukongeza, ngokucwangcisiweyo wenza uhlalutyo correlative karhulumente kwakhiwa kolwazi emfundo, uphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni iimvuthuluka.

Iintsomi malunga pathologists

• Intsomi 1. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, abantu uluvo koko therapist ngokukodwa ukusebenza kuphela abantwana ukungaqheleki ebalulekileyo imisebenzi engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Oku akuyonyani. Uthi angakwazi ukunceda nawuphi na umntwana unee ngxaki abaqhuba ngayo kwizifundo. Sezifo - umfundisi ngokubanzi iprofayile owaziyo ukuba ukhethe njani indlela ilungelo efundisa umntwana ethile.
• Inkolelo 2. Iiseshini nge oyingcali defectology iya kuhlala ngonaphakade. Makube lee oko, okanye ngqo, oko akunjalo. Ukuba utitshala usebenza nabafundi abanengxaki kwinkqubo yezifundo kwaye akukho abakhubazeke ngengqondo kunye ngokwasemzimbeni umlinganiswa, izifundo ezinjalo abayinqobo ngokucacileyo lo mhla ubekiweyo. Uyeza xa utitshala kunceda umntwana ukuba uzalise izikhewu kulwazi.

Intetho therapist sezifo: yintoni umahluko ophambili

Umahluko omkhulu ukusuka unyango kwintetho pathologists ntetho zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ngababukeli. Sezifo isebenza kunye nabantwana ezizodwa na ukungaqheleki ezithile kuphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kunye nentetho therapist - kunye nabantwana aphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo abanengxaki yokuthetha pronunciation.
2. Injongo yoqeqesho. Sezifo esikolweni okanye abancinane ijonge ukunceda kwiimvuthuluka ukufunda ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo, kubuyisela kwakhona izikhewu kulwazi, kuya kusebenza imiqathango uqeqesho lophuhliso kwengqondo. Intetho therapist nayo isebenza kuphela kuphuhliso lokulungisa intetho kunye nentetho.
3. Izithintelo kwiqela lobudala na abantwana. defectology specialist uyakwazi ukuqhuba iiklasi kunye nabantwana abancinane kakhulu (ukususela kunyaka-1), kodwa iiseshoni kunye owayendifundisa ukuthetha akukho mfuneko sukela ekubulaweni seminyaka emithathu-ubudala wosana. Ukongeza, umntu omdala angafaka isicelo owayendifundisa ukuthetha.
4. Sezifo - ngokubanzi-profile lwengcali, kunokuba kuqhayisa owayendifundisa ukuthetha, intsimi umsebenzi apho lincinane kakhulu.

imisebenzi enxulumene

pathologists intetho Umsebenzi kufutshane, enkabeni yayo, kunye uvumo utitshala, wengqondo, ugqirha, owayendifundisa ukuthetha, utitshala abancinane.

zesayensi Famous pathologists

Imfundo eyodwa kufuneka inani elikhulu loonyana kokuya esikolweni nokuba ubudala isikolo. izifundo ezininzi kulo mba, wazinikela ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo yonke izazinzulu obalaseleyo Russian Federation. Xa fund yegolide izazinzulu kunye pathologists zezi: V. M. Behterev (luvo Russian, wengqondo kunye isayikholojisti, umseki isikolo lwezenzululwazi), AN Graborov (umseki inkqubo yemfundo inkcubeko oluvo), L. V. Zankov (domestic isayikholojisti, therapist utitshala, umfundi LS Vygoskogo), M. S. Pevzner (Scientist Russian, wengqondo, isayikholojisti, therapist kunye notitshala), F. A. Rau, zh. I. Shif, E. K. Gracheva (Russian kuqala ngutitshala therapist), V. P. Kaschenko (intloko yesikolo kuqala kwisibhedlele abantwana ezizodwa kaThixo), IV Malyarevsky, L. S. Vygotsky (therapist-experiment Torr, a defectology umphengululi), MF Gnezdilov (oligophrenopedagogs zasekhaya, umWisile), G. E. Suhareva (by ingcamango yokuzivelela-bemvelo lokugula ngengqondo), G. M. Dulnev.

Ngenxa manani angentla kwinzululwazi zemfundo ezizodwa eRashiya lafumana kungekuphela nje imvume kodwa uphuhliso efanelekileyo.