A iintlobo zezilwanyana. Zokwakha Isifundo

Eziphilayo, zonke izinto eziphilayo, yaye musa lubekhona Earth, yahlulwe kumaqela amane enkulu ebizwa izikumkani. Le ntsholongwane, izityalo, umngundo kunye nezilwanyana. indawo nganye uquka iintlobo omkhulu kwisizukulwana neentlobo eziquka inani elikhulu leeyunithi. Esimangalisayo kunye iintlobo ezininzi zasendle. Ngenxa yoko, izilwanyana yahlulwe abangabodwa-ezineseli kunye multicellular, ezingenamqolo kunye ezinomqolo eziphilayo. A inzululwazi ajongene ukufunda kubo kuthiwa ngezilwanyana (icandelo biology).

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana: yokuhlela

Lomqolo zidla ezinxulumene ziimpethu, izilwanyana, echinoderms, intlanzi, ezinamaqokobhe nezinambuzane. Ezi zilwanyana (ewe, iintshulube - nayo izilwanyana) akukho ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwalapho ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha iqokobhe kukho chitinous ezisebenza le ndima. Kuba ekuyo zibandakanya iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izirhubuluzi, iintaka, ezanyisayo (abantu libhekisela iklasi wokugqibela, kuba uyawondla iintsana zabo ubisi lwebele).

Lomqolo: Worms

A ezahlukeneyo zasendle unokuthelekelela kakuhle, ukufunda ezi zidalwa. Eli qela libandakanya ngaphezu kwama 46 amawaka iintlobo eziphilayo. Iintshulube beqhutywa yinto ngokusebenzisa izihlunu elastic ngokugoba umzimba kumacala ahlukeneyo. Zihlala Ezilwandle nasemanzini, imilambo, amachibi, imigxobhozo, emhlabeni. Bright, ummeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle - le lomsundulu. It uhlala emhlabeni, ukunceda ukuba uthambe uze ziwutyebisayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zonke iintlobo umsebenzi wasefama. Uninzi Iiklasi iintshulube luncedo. Hi xikombiso, le uLeech. Asetyenziswe ngayo amayeza. A ntshulube zaselwandle zisebenza ifidi rhoqo ukuze iintlanzi yorhwebo kuvunwa yi beentlanzi. Ngaphandle kwabo, ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi kuya kubakho ukutya apho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintshulube ezininzi olwaye lwamfimfitha vacancies ngeendleko nezinye izinto eziphilayo (izinambuzane kuzo). Ngenxa yokungabikho intlonelo ngococeko izinambuzane ezifana uno- kungena kwaye ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu khona iminyaka. Ngoko ke ukuba baqonde indlela okubaluleke ngayo ukulandela imigaqo elula yococeko: uhlambe izandla phambi kokutya, musa ukusebenzisa izitya ezimdaka, kungekhona ukuvumela ubukho zizibawu. Hi ndlela leyi, iintshulube, ukuyohlala kwezinye izinto ayikhuphi iimveliso eziyingozi ebomini babo, ngokuthe ngcembe ityhefu inkosi yakhe. Umntu uba luvo, yonke yakhe okruqulayo, yena ngokukhawuleza uyakhathala yaye buthathaka, kukho ukunxila rhoqo, kwaye kufuneka ube ukuphazamisana kakhulu noogqirha nokususa lithetha okhethekileyo yonke le izilwanyana emzimbeni womntu.

squid

Iindidi zezilwanyana nayo squid ezinkulu. Eli qela ineendidi ngaphezulu kwe-130 lamawaka. Kwaye bahlala phantse naphi na, nokuba iyasetyenzelwa. Kodwa ke inkoliso yabo uhlala ulwandle kubunzulu obahlukeneyo. Abanye babo amakhulu eminyaka ubudala. feed esineqokobhe ezitya izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezincinane, kunye nenkunkuma organic. Phantse bonke bephela akhuselwe ngokohlobo kwiqokobhe (ngaphandle, umzekelo squid, ngubani na naye nkumba, kodwa yena uye nokuqala yeqokobhe). Abantu aphele elide kweembaza ukutya. Amanye amalungu eli qela zezi okuluncuthu bahlwise.

echinoderms

Le ezizinkwenkwezi (iintlobo 1,500), got igama layo ngenxa imitha emzimbeni (baninzi ezintlanu kuzo, kodwa ezinye akhawunti nangenxa yamaqhekeza ukuya ku-50). Iinkwenkwezi, abahlala elwandle, zahlukile ngobukhulu imbonakalo. A phawu uphawu le ezizinkwenkwezi - ukukwazi ukuntshula (ezifana malovane). Ukuba ezizitho Wazishiya izilwanyana, ngoko endaweni yayo ikhula ibe izinga elitsha. A msebe yaxobuka ngamnye omtsha iphuhlise phantsi kweemeko zivuma. Uninzi ezizinkwenkwezi - ngamarhamncwa.

urchins Sea (iintlobo 800) Kwakhona ilungu echinoderms. umzimba eurchin igutyungelwe iinaliti ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu. A ubude kuhlume unako ukufikelela iisentimitha-30. Jerzy ukuhambahamba encediswa neenaliti. Kwaye ezinye zazo zinetyhefu kakhulu, yingozi kwezinye izilwanyana.

kwezilwanyana

Umzimba yezi zilwanyana iqulathe amacandelo vehicles: intloko, Isifuba nesisu. Omzimba, apho ibekwe phezu esisu kunye esifubeni, vumela imihlaza ukuhamba ngapha komhlaba. zenziwa amehlo abo phezulu Imingxuma ezininzi ezincinci, nasentlokweni kukho izibini eziliqela imihlathi.

Ezinamaqokobhe nezinambuzane

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana abahlala kweli hlabathi, limelwe kakuhle, kwaye la maqela, apho kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-27,000. La maqela mabini ezinxulumeneyo. izinambuzane kuphela zinemilenze emithandathu kunye izigcawu - anesibhozo. Kodwa kuzo zonke izinambuzane zinamaphiko, nkqu ebuntwaneni. amaphiko zezigcawu ayifumaneki. Kwakhona, ubume umzimba yahlukile: sinambuzane intloko, Isifuba kunye nesisu, kunye izigcawu - cephalothorax nesisu.

ekuyo

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana eziphilayo kwiplanethi yethu, kulula ukucinga ukuhlolisisa ezinomqolo squad. Le ntlanzi, wayifulela esikalini. Basimisela iintlobo enkulu kweentlobo, iphakathi apho bamandulo kakhulu awayengabemi ulwandle ukusuka kudaladala (ookrebe, intlanzi crossopterygian). Oku eziphila, ezirhubuluzayo, nezibhabhayo, kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo kulo ihlabathi. Iindidi zezilwanyana bukhulu kangangokuba kukho nzulu onamava asisiniki impendulo ngqo umbuzo njani iintlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwindalo. Ngokuba kungekho mpendulo esichazayo: kuvula rhoqo entsha, ezinye iintlobo ezikhoyo shwaka. Wazithwala phandle umjikelo endalo, nto leyo iquka iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana (jonga ngentla ifoto).