Ushishino luyinto ebalulekileyo yophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe elikhokelayo

Amashumi eminyaka edluleyo ahluke ngokwawo ngenkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuhlanganiswa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Inkqubo yehlabathi ibonisa ukuba iindlela eziphambili zokukhuthaza uphando nophuhliso (R & D) zixhamla ubudlelwane bezorhwebo ngokubambisana phakathi kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ekuguqulweni kwesiphumo sezenzululwazi kwixabiso. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yoshishino. Kulo, ngokuqinisekileyo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo, evela kumphuhlisi kuya kubatyalomali, banomdla kwizoqoqosho ngokuphumelela ngokukhawuleza ekusebenziseni uphuhliso olutsha (ngenxa yesiphumo esilungileyo kulungele ukufaka izicelo kwiziko lokuthengisa).

Yiyiphi le nto namhlanje?

Ushishino lukwakha ishishini elisekelwe kwiziphumo zophando lwezesayensi nezobugcisa, kwaye apho ababhali bezo phuhliso bahlala bathatha inxaxheba. Ingundoqo yenkqubo yakha ishishini esiza kuzinza uxanduva oluzinzileyo lwemali. Ngokukholelwa ukuba ukuthengiswa yinkqubo yokukhangela kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali ekuqhubekeni komsebenzi wophando.

Inkqubo yokurhweba idinga iqela eliyimfuneko yempendulo. Unokufumana isiphumo sezoqoqosho kwi-intuthuko yesayensi kuphela xa kukhulisa ukhuphiswano lomntu. Ngelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umthengi wokugqibela wokufaneleka kwaloo ndlela, kwaye ngokunjalo ukwandisa inzuzo kungekuyo kuphela, kodwa nangomthengisi.

Ukuthengiswa kobugcisa

Olu luhlobo oluxhamlekileyo lwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ababandakanyekayo ekudaleni imveliso yemarike evela kwipropati yepropati (IP) izinto ezifumana inzuzo. Kwiqela lamazwe athuthukileyo, ukuthengiswa kwetheknoloji kuyisiseko sokhuphiswano ekuqondeni umhlaba jikelele. Ezi zenze yonke imizamo yokuphuhlisa ulwazi nolwazi olutsha.

Iifom ezilungisa ukuthengiswa kwepropati yomgaqo-nkqubo zibandakanya izivumelwano zelayisenisi zokusetyenziswa kwamaphepha obugcisa , imvume yokusebenzisa ulwazi, iikhontrakthi, kunye neenkontrakthi ze-R & D ezihlangeneyo, izivumelwano zotyalo-mali, ezibhaliswe yiZiko loRhwebi loBugcisa.

Ukuthengiswa kwemveliso yeemarike

Le ngenye yeemeko ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa kommandla wobuchule obutsha wemisebenzi yoluntu lonke. Ukusetyenziswa kokuthengiswa okutsha kukuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthengisa, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukuyifunda. Yindlela entsha yokuphuhliswa ekugqibeleni ibe yindlela yokuphuma kwintlekele, apho uqoqosho lwehlabathi lubandakanyeka khona. Okokuqala, urhulumente, inzululwazi, ukhuphiswano, kunye neengcali kwintengiso yokuthengisa ngokutsha, zinoxanduva lokusombulula le ngxaki.

Ukuthengisa akuyona nje umsebenzi ojoliswe ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuthazeni imveliso emitsha kwiimarike zehlabathi, kodwa nangenxa yezenzo ezifanayo malunga nokuthengisa iindlela ezintsha ezenzelwe ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wokuthengisa.

Kubalulekile ukuhlula ukuba ukuveliswa ngumkhiqizo omtsha, kwaye izinto ezintsha ziza kuxhamla. Ngako oko, izixhobo ezifunekayo kufuneka zifuneke kwiimarike zehlabathi, ngoko abatyali-mali kunye nomqambi uya kufumana izibonelelo ezilindelekileyo. Ushishino aluyifaki indawo yokuthengisa, ngumgaqo wezinto zokuthengisa ezitsha, kuba zihambelana nokubunjwa kweemarike, ukuguqulwa kwayo, ukulawulwa komjikelo wokuphila kwemveliso, imveliso okanye inkampani.

Iinjongo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwepropati yengqondo

Kukho ezimbini iinjongo eziphambili:

• Ukuthumela ngaphandle (ukuthengiswa) kwetheknoloji njengenjongo yokugcina ilungelo lobunikazi;
• Ukuthengiswa (ukuthekelisa) kwemveliso yakhe.

Njengoko imigaqo ephambili yokukhangela ilungelo lobunikazi, sinokuqaphela oku kulandelayo:

• Uphuhliso loqoqosho ;
• Impawu zobugcisa zento;
• Ukufumaneka kwemfuno kunye nemarike;
• Ukwazi-njani;
• Ubaluleka bokuveliswa kwenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa;
• Ukwandiswa kokhuphiswano.

Okwangoku, ingxaki yokuphucula iindlela zokuthengiswa ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu zophuhliso loqoqosho.