"451 degrees Fahrenheit": ukuhlaziywa. "451 degrees Fahrenheit", uRay Bradbury: ukuhlolwa kwencwadi

Inzululwazi yeengcali yintlobo ekhethekileyo yeencwadi ezivela kwikhulu leshumi elinesithoba. Kwakuyi nkqubela ephambili yezobugcisa ezazalela iingcinga ezininzi ezinomdla kwiingcinga zabantu abacinga ngelo xesha.

Ababhali bezesayensi babhala ntoni, bafuna ukusixelela ngantoni na? Okokuqala, badala ihlabathi elimangalisayo kwikamva eliqaqambileyo, apho abantu bobabini banobubele, kwaye utshani buhlaza, kunye ne-spacecraft yexesha elide liye ngaphaya kwemida yenkqubo yezilanga.

Ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nobuhle obuphezulu benziwa ngabazalwana baseStrugatsky. Kwimisebenzi yabo bachaza ihlabathi elimangalisayo laseNonon - ubomi bentlalo yethu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini. Ingenalo ngokupheleleyo ubudlelwane bemali-mboleko, kunye nokusebenza ukuze inzuzo yoluntu ibe ngumsebenzi ongcwele wonke umntu.

Ngeli xesha, uMerika Ray Bradbury wabhala "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Le ncwadi ihluke kakhulu kwimisebenzi engaqhelekanga ye-Soviet science fiction. Le nveli yinto echasayo, ebonisa uhlangothi oluchasene noluntu lwabantu abathengi: ukuchithwa kokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nenkohlakalo yenkqubo malunga nabantu abaphikisayo.

Masihambe uhambo oluya kwilizwe elingafuniyo leliveli "i-451 degrees Fahrenheit"! Ukuphononongwa, ifilimu kunye nemveliso emibini yecandelo elisekelwe kwincwadi - funda kabanzi malunga nalo.

URay Bradbury ungumlobi owaziwayo waseMerika wezesayensi

Lo mntu unokuthi uthembeke ngokuqinisekileyo kubalobi abakhulu baloo hlobo, kunye noDaniel Kiese noRobert Shackley.

UBradbury waphila iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesibini, apho wabhala ngeencwadi ezingaphezu kwekhulu lesibhozo: amabali amfutshane, iincwadi zemihla ngemihla kunye neenveli. Umsebenzi wakhe wombhalo ukhuluma ngeengcamango ezinhle, amava obomi obutyebi kunye nokuthembela okungapheliyo.

Kwabaninzi abantu, umlobi wenzululwazi waseMerika uyaziqhelanisa neencwadi ezimbini: "451 degrees Fahrenheit" kunye ne "Dandelion Wine". Umsebenzi wesibini ibali lokuzimela ngokubhaliweyo malunga nobuntwana bombhali. Isityebi kwiingcaciso ezintle zobume nobomi babantu kwidolophu encinane yaseMerika.

Umsebenzi ofundwa ngokubanzi-mbhali wombhali "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Ukuhlaziywa kwalo msebenzi kuboniswe ngezantsi. Iqulethe iingcamango ezinomdla.

Incwadi eyenza umbhali owayo yayingu-451 degrees Fahrenheit. Ukuphononongwa ngabantu abafunda lo msebenzi bazithetha. Omnye uqhelana neveli, omnye umntu ubonakala njengingqungquthela emphakathini. Kodwa ukungabi namdla lo msebenzi awushiyi nabani na.

"451 degrees Fahrenheit": inkcazo

Iziganeko zenzeke kwikamva elizayo kwilizwe laseBradbury - eUnited States of America.

Umlobi ubonisa inkqubo yokulawula ilawulwa ngabathengi bacinga, kwaye inkcubeko yenkcubeko iphantse ifake iincwadi ezenza ukuba ucinge. Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente unceda ukutshabalalisa imisebenzi yombhalo.

Ubomi bomntu oqhelekileyo luqulethe kuphela umsebenzi kunye nokuphumla, akukho misebenzi yodwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa ibandakanya ukubukela iTV okanye ukuqhuba ngokujikeleza kwesi sixeko kwiimoto ze-jet. Kule ndlela yobomi, abantu ngokuthe ngcembe bahlala bodwa, bodwa, bayeke ukuthandana, abanabantwana ...

Kodwa kukho inxenye "yamanye" (abaphikisi) abangazange bamkele imithetho yomdlalo kwaye bafihla abasemagunyeni, baqhubeka behlala.

URay Bradbury ubonisa ukuba nayiphi na umntu unokutshintsha, umnqweno kuphela ubalulekile. UGuy Montag, umgcini-nkulu wencwadi, umzekelo ophilileyo wolu hlobo: ukusuka kwintonga ehambelanayo kwinkqubo, ujika waba ngumntu ogcweleyo, kwaye uncedisa ekudibeneyo kweemeko ...

Abalinganiswa basisiseko

Ngubani na amaqhawe aqhakazileyo? "I-451 degrees Fahrenheit" igcwele ubomi obunomdla, sibhala uluhlu oluphambili:

• UGuy Montag ngumlingisi obalaseleyo, umcimi womlilo. Umzekelo ocacileyo wenyaniso yokuba nayiphi na umntu unokutshintsha ukuba ufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo.
• UMildred ngumfazi we-protagonist. Ixhoba lika-propaganda karhulumente-ubukela iTV ngeentsuku ekupheleni.
• UClarissa McLellan ungummelwane waseTyrouke, isibini, esiphikisayo. Ukuhlaziya inkolo yokusetyenziswa. Wayethanda imvelo, wayethanda ukufunda iincwadi.
• UBrmasmaster Beattie ngumphathi oyinkohlakalo waseMontag.
• Inja yombane i-robot yensimbi engapheliyo, isandla sokunene sabafaki-mlilo. Ngandlela-thile uvalelwe ngephunga lomntu, kubangela ukuba izilwanyana zihlasele.
• UF Faber ngumntu onobuqili, wafundisa iincwadi kuGuy Montagu kwikholeji.

Kwakungabalinganiswa abakhulu abenza iveli "i-451 degrees Fahrenheit" ibe yimibalabala. Iingxelo malunga nabo zama ukuzihlanganisa, ukufunda ibali elifutshane.

Isicwangciso senveli ngaphambi kokufa kukaClarissa

Masiqale uhambo olunomdla kumaphepha encwadi ethi "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Inkcazo yebali iya kuba yinkcazo ngokunokwenzeka. Siza kuzama ukungaphuthelwa kwixesha elithandekayo.

Kutheni umlobi enquma ukubiza yakhe incwadi ngale ndlela? Inyaniso kukuba i-451 degrees Fahrenheit ibushushu apho iphepha liqala ukutsha. Umsebenzi ohlonishwayo ngumqhubi womlilo. Iqhawe eliphambili le-anti-utopia - iGuy Montag - ngummeli onamandla kulo msebenzi: utshisa iincwadi rhoqo kwaye akabonanga nto ephosakeleyo ngayo.

Emva kokuba uGuy abuyele ekhaya emva komsebenzi onomsebenzi omatasa kwaye udibana nomfazi oselula. Uphendukela kuba nguClarissa - naye ohlala naye ekhaya.

Phakathi kwabo, incoko iqala malunga nobomi ... Bahamba behamba ngamaqabunga ekwindla, uClarissa uthi uyakuthanda ukuhamba yedwa ebusuku kwaye aphefumle ahlukahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha ulinde ilanga liphume. Ngenxa yoko, umalume wakhe uyamqalekisa, embiza ngokuba yintlanzi, kodwa akanandaba nonke, ngokuba uthando lwendalo luhlala lunamandla kunomlinganiselo womntu. Kwakhona, uClarissa ufunda, nangona ukuvinjelwa ngokuqinileyo ngabasemagunyeni.

Le ngqungquthela ibangela iingcamango eziphikisanayo eMontag: uyamangalisa ukwesaba kwakhe nesimo sengqondo kwinkqubo. I-protagonist ivakalelwa kukuba akafani nomntu wonke-akayikhathazeki yonke ngemiboniso yeTV, uyesaba ukushayela ngokukhawuleza kunye nemidlalo yezemidlalo. Kodwa ithambekele ekucingeni, inemikhumbuzo yemimoya yobomi obuqhelekileyo kwaye ibuza uMontagu umbuzo owawutshintshile: "Uvuyayo?" Ucinga kakhulu ngale nto aze aqale ukuqonda umhlaba ngeenxa zonke.

Ukubonakala emsebenzini, i-Montag imangalisa abo basebenzisana nabo ngokuqala kokuqonda. Uyakwazi ukuthabatha ekhaya iincwadi ezininzi zokufunda. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva, uClarissa uyafa: uhlaselwa enye yeemoto ezihamba ngejubane eliphezulu.

Emva kokufa kukaClarissa

UGuy uthatha iholide, akafuni ukutshisa iincwadi. Umntu oyintloko ubonisa intsingiselo yobomi bakhe ...

Ngeli xesha uBethty uza kuye. Intloko ivakalelwa utshintsho olwenziwe neMontag. Ufundisa kuye ukuba bonke abantu bafanele babe njengamanye amaconsi amanzi. Noko ke, iincwadi zivelisa ukungathandabuzeki, ngoko kufuneka zitshise ngomlilo. Kodwa i-Montag sele ishintshile, akanandaba namagama kaBethty.

Umntu oyintloko uxelela umfazi ukuba ugcina iincwadi ekhaya. Ngokunyanisekileyo akayiqondi into yakhe. Emva koko uMontag ufumanisa uP Faber - utitshala wakhe ohlakaniphileyo weencwadi kwiikholeji. Umdala uyamphulaphula ngokukhawuleza kwaye unike iingcebiso zokugcina iincwadi. Kwakhona, umvelisi unika umngane wakhe umncinci omncinci, apho bangakwazi ukuthetha nabo kude.

Ukubuyela ekhaya, iqhawe lidibana neendwendwe - abahlobo bomfazi wakhe. UMontag ukhulula ekuziphatheni kwakhe kobuyatha kwaye uyamangalisa - ufunda iindinyana ngokuzwakalayo. Abasetyhini abadidekileyo bayasasazeka emakhaya abo kwaye banikezele i-protagonist yamapolisa-bathetha ngokufumaneka kweencwadi zakhe ezingavunyelwe.

I-Montag engabonakaliyo iya kusebenza, apho ihlangana noBethty ngomlilo. Baya kwikhaya leqhawe eliphambili: i-boss yobuthakathaka iyalela uMontagu ukuba atshise iincwadi. Kunoko, umlingisi oyintloko ubulala inkulu yesebe lomlilo kunye nenja yombane.

Emva koko konke okwenzekayo, uMontag uzimisele ukubalekela esi sixeko. Uphuma waya emaphandleni, ahlambe emlanjeni aze athole umhlambi we-vagabond-freethinkers. Ngoku iqela elinye!

Ngomso kusasa i-vagabonds ehambahambayo yahamba ngohambo lwayo ... Bahamba phambili beza kude nomzi. Abakhululekayo basinda, ngamnye wabo wathwala intloko yakhe yolwazi kunye nomnqweno omkhulu wokutshintsha ihlabathi ukuba ibe ngcono.

I quotation ebalulekileyo

Sifumana into enomdla ukucaphula i-extract from the novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Iingcaphuno zomntu oyintloko kunye nootitshala bakhe basitshela malunga neendima zendima ezidlala ebomini babantu.

"Yonke into oyifunayo, i-Montag, ikhona kwihlabathi, kodwa indoda elula iyakubona kuphela ikhulu kunye neyakhe amehlo, kunye nezinye iipesenti ezingamashumi asithoba nesithoba efunda kule ncwadi." Eli binzana lilingeLuhlu loBulumko, utitshala waseMontag.

Isimo sengqondo sikawonkewonke emsebenzini waseBradbury

Iimbono eziphikisanayo zabagxeki zabangela iveli "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Umbhali wayezikhulula ngobuncinci bakhe: wachaza ngokuchanekileyo nangokuqinisekileyo iinkqubo ezenzekayo kuluntu lwaseMerika.

Ngowe-1967, ukupapashwa kokuqala kwencwadi kwabafundi besikolo esiphakathi kunye nabaphakamileyo. Kodwa ngegama elincinci: malunga neziphakamiso zombhali ezimashumi mane anesihlanu zaye zachazwa, ezininzi iziqalekiso ezithandwa ngumlobi zatshintshwa ngamazwi. La magama awasebenzisi kakubi xa eguqulelwe, kodwa ngokucacileyo ibonakalisa intsingiselo yento eyenzekayo. Kwakhona, abahleli banquma ukususa iziqwenga ezimbini zombhalo malunga nokugxekwa kwezisu.

KwiSoviet Union ngo-1956 iikopi zokuqala zencwadi ethi "451 degrees Fahrenheit" zithengiswa. Iingcamango zazihluke kakhulu: ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kunzulu. Nangona iimbono zabagxeki, incwadi e-USSR yayingavumelekile.

"451 degrees Fahrenheit": ukuhlaziywa kwefilimu

Incwadana yenze i-resonance phakathi kwabantu bokudala. Sekuqaleni ngo-1966 umfanekiso "451 degrees Fahrenheit" wakhululwa. Ifilimu incinci kakhulu kwincwadi, kodwa ngenxa yemdla, kulungele ukubukela.

Umlawuli nguFrancois Truffaut. Indima yeGuy Montag yenza u-Oscar Werner, uClarissa udlala noJulie Christie. Lo mdlali wezakhono onokungaqiniseki, owaziwayo ngendima kaLaura kwi-Hollywood yokulungiswa kwe "Doctor Zhivago." Kodwa umfanekiso we-madman akazange amlingane naye. Kuye kwaziwa ixesha elide ukuba iindima zabantu abangaqhelekanga kunye nabangabonakaliyo bazinikezelwa kubalinganiswa obufanayo ebomini.

Kwakhona kwi-movie ezinye iindidi zitshintshiwe. Ngokutsho kwesalathiso somsebenzi kwakungabikho ubudlelwane bokuthandana phakathi kukaClarissa noGuy, babenobungane abalungileyo, kwaye phakathi kwincwadi leyo i heroine ngokubanzi ibuhlungu ngokutsha.

Kwifilimu, intombazana isaphila. Umfanekiso wokugqibela ukuhamba ngokubambisana kwabalinganiswa abakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, apho bajoyina iqela labaphikisanayo.

Ingqalelo encinci ihlawulwa ku-Faber - ingqondo, umcingeli kunye nomntu ongokoqobo, ozinikela kwimigaqo yakhe yokuziphatha.

Ndiyathanda ukuthemba ukuba omnye umlawuli okwaziyo akayi kuhoywa "i-451 degrees Fahrenheit". Ifilimu iya kuba yinto ethembekile ngakumbi kwaye ivalwe kumxholo kwincwadi. Oku kuya kuba isipho esihle kubo bonke abathandi befantasy kunye nobugcisa uRay Bradbury.

Ukucamngca kobugcisa

Okumangalisa kukuba, ngokwecebo le-anti-uptop, kungekhona nje ukusebenza "kwi-451 degrees Fahrenheit", kodwa i-ballet isekelwe. Umsebenzi onjalo ophikisanayo wabangela umnqweno wobuqhetseba wokusebenza kuwo ukusuka kumanani ahlukeneyo emidlalo: ukusuka kwii-ballet choreographers ukuya kumacandelo abalawuli.

Ballet zanamhlanje kwizinto ezimbini

I-Choreographer uSnezhana Zdor, kunye neqela le-Krasnoyarsk Opera kunye ne-Ballet Theatre, yenze ibhaltshi enhle kunye nenkunzi esekelwe kwincwadi "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Uhlobo olufanayo-oluyi-anti-utopia, imbono kukuba umntu uphupha ngehlabathi elinoyikamva elifana nelolu hlobo lwencwadi.

Ihlabathi le-gloss, i-baubles ne-glamour liyamangalisa. Abadlali bedanisa kumculo ngesitayela seminyaka emitsha ... Iinjongo zezenkolo kunye neenkolo zeefoto ezikhethiweyo kunye nokufakela kwevidiyo ziyeke mntu akukho nto.

Ngokuchasene naloo mva, kukho utshintsho lobuntu bukaGuy Montagu - ufumana ukungabikho kweziganeko ezenzekayo. Uphinda ahlawule amabutho angaphakathi aze akhethe indlela yommangaleli.

Umlingisi, odlala indima kaClarissa, ulungele ngokupheleleyo kumfanekiso ngumntwana ococekileyo onamehlo aqhaqhaqhayo kunye nolwazi olungavamile.

Abagxeki abazange bashiye intsingiselo yenjongo yabalathisi (uSnezhany Zdor noGrigory Oksanych - umbhali weempembelelo ezikhethekileyo) - ukudibanisa umdlalo othakazelisayo nomculo wesizwe ukudala ibhola "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Ukuphononongwa kwabaphulaphuli kubonisa ukuba le ngcamango ichanekile.

Ukusebenza

Ukuveliswa kwetrakethi yencwadana yenzeka ngo-2007 kunye nentsebenziswano ehlangeneyo yoMfrentshi kunye nesiRashiya. UAdolf Shapiro wase- Et Cetera Theatre wamema umculi waseRussia uBuris Zaborov ukuba abambisane. Isiqhamo sentsebenziswano yinto ephawulekayo yokusebenza kwinqwaba yencwadana "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Isiqulatho sitshintshile kancinci, kodwa umgangatho womveliso awuphazamiseki.

U-Shapiro ngumntu owaziwayo kwaye uyangqineki, ngoko ukholelwa ukuba oko kubhaliwe kule ncwadi sele kwenzeke. Kwakukhangeleka kakhulu: ibali le-detective, ibali lomthando kunye ... ne-ray yethemba. Yenza indima yabadlali abadumileyo, ikakhulukazi isiFrentshi.

Inyaniso enomdla malunga neveli yendaba

1. Ngethuba lamaSoviet kwakukho amabanjwa awaziyo ngentliziyo ezininzi iincwadi ezizithandayo, kuquka iveli "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Iingcaphuno ezivela kuye zaziwa ngezihlobo kunye nabahlobo. Abo, nabo baqhubeka behambisa incwadi endiyithandayo phakathi kwabo bazana nabo, nangona ukuhlaziywa kakubi kwabanye abagxeki malunga nalo.

2. "i-451 degrees Fahrenheit" - inoveli eyaphefumlela abantu abaninzi bokudala. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2002 ifilimu ethi "Ukulingana" yadutshulwa ngohlobo lwe-anti-uptop. I-rock yaseRashiya yaseBrazil i-Aria yakhulula iSymphony yoMlilo. Isicatshulwa sibheka kwimibandela ephakanyiswe kwilwaveli yaseBradbury.

3. Umbhali uprinte incwadi yakhe engcono kumatshini wokuchweba omdala, aqeshwe kwilayibrari yendawo.

4. UBradbury waba ngumcebisi ngendlela efanelekileyo yegama: ngaphambi kokupapashwa kwezinto ezininzi zobuchwepheshe, wayezichaza ngombala. Ngokomzekelo, umsakazo "igobolondo" kunye ne-teknoloji ye-3D (ipaneli yeTV kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezikrini ezincinane eziphathekayo).

5. Ukupapashwa kokuqala kwencwadana "451 degrees Fahrenheit" kubanjwe kumagazini othi "Playboy".

6. Kuze kube yimini, i-anti-Utopia i-Bradbury yinto engacatshangwanga. Abantu baqhubeka befunda iveli, baxubushe kwiifom kunye nokucaphula kuwo onke amathuba. Oku kubonisa ukuba iqhinga leencwadi lifanelekileyo kulo mhla. Olu tyekelo luqinisekisa ukuba abantu abazange baphelelwe amandla abo okubonakalisa, ukuqiqa kunye nokubonakalisa iimpawu ezingcono kakhulu zokomoya.

Umsebenzi "451 degrees Fahrenheit" ngowona owona mhle ngowona hlobo lwe-dystopia. Kuya kuba lunomdla kumntu waluphi na ubudala, kuba uthetha ngolwimi olulula ngezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi: malunga nentlangano yoluntu kunye nokuguqulwa komntu ngamnye kumntu.