Nina Berberova: i-biography, isebenza

Nina Berberova ngumfazi onokuthiwa nguyena wabameli abaqaqambileyo bokufuduka kweRashiya. Wahlala kwimeko enzima kwimbali yelizwe lethu, apho abaninzi ababhali kunye neebongozi bazama ukuyiqonda. UNine Berberova akazange ahlale ecaleni. Igalelo lakhe ekufundeni ukufuduka kweRashiya kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa malunga nento yonke.

Umvelaphi, iminyaka yokufunda

Berberova Nina Nikolaevna (iminyaka yobomi - 1901-1993) - umbongo, umbhali, ugxeki lolwazi. Wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg ngoJulayi 26, 1901. Intsapho yaseBerberov yayisisityebi: unina wayengumnini weTver, kwaye uyise wayesebenza kwiSebe lezeMali. UNina Nikolayevna wafunda kuqala kwiYunivesithi ye-Archaeological. Emva koko waphumelela kwi-Don University eRostov-on-Don. Apha ukususela ngo-1919 ukuya ku-1920 iminyaka. UNina wafunda kwi-Faculty History and Philology.

Iindinyana zokuqala, eziqhelana noMkhodasevich, ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe

Ngo-1921, uNine Berberova wabhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala e-Petrograd. Nangona kunjalo, enye kuphela yapapashwa kwiqoqo elithi "Ushkuyniki" ngowe-1922. Ngombulelo kwimisebenzi yokuqala, yamkelwa kwiingqungquthela ze-Petrograd. Yile ndlela awayeyazi ngayo iindibongi ezininzi, kuquka noV. V. Khodasevich, owayengumfazi wakhe uNina Nikolaevna kungekudala. Waye kunye naye, waya kumazwe angaphandle ngo-1922. Ngaphambi kokuzinza ngokusisigxina eParis, intsapho yaseBerberov yaqala ukutyelela eBerlin naseItali kunye noMnu Gorky, ize yaya ePrague.

Ngoko ke, ukususela ngowe-1922 uNina Nikolaevna wayesethunjweni. Kwaye kwakukhona ukuba i-startbut yakhe yangempela kwiincwadi zenzeke. Iindinyana zaseBergberova zanyatheliswa kwiphephancwadi iGorky kunye neVF Khodasevich eyanyatheliswa "Ingxoxo."

Iindaba kunye neengombolo zaseBerberova

UNine Berberova wayengumsebenzi wephephandaba "News Latest" kunye nombhali wakhe ongunaphakade. Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-1928 ukuya ku-1940, Upapashwe kwinqaku lakhe lamabali "iBriancurran gingerbread". Le mi sebenzi engummangaliso-engumqondiso, eyingqungquthela kunye neentloni ezinikezelwe ebomini eByyankur yabafuduka baseRashiya. Ngaloo xesha, abo bahambayo basebenzi bezityalo zeRe Renault, izidakila, abaceli, abacengezelayo kunye nabavumi bezitalato. Kulo mjikelo, impembelelo yokuqala A. Chekhov, kunye noMnu Zoshchenko, uvakalelwa. Nangona kunjalo, baninzi babo.

Ngaphambi kokuvalwa kwephephandaba elithi "News Latest" ngowe-1940, wapapasha iireveli ezilandelayo eBerberova: ngo-1930 - "Ookugqibela nowokuqala", ngowe-1932 - "I-Lady", ngo-1938 - "Ngaphandle kokushona kwelanga." Nguye owamisela igama likaNina Nikolaevna njengomlobi weprose.

"Ukuququzelela isithuba"

Ukugxekwa kwacaca ukuba ukusondeleka kweprosebhu yaseBelberova isebenza kwiimvanoveli zesiFrentshi, kunye nokunyaniseka kukaNina Nikolaevna umzamo wokudala ukutshatyalaliswa kweengqungquthela "ngumfanekiso wehlabathi elifudukela kulo." Ukuhlala phesheya kwelinye ilizwe, indawo yezentlalo ye "phantsi komhlaba" (amadlelo) izimisele ukukhwaza "Ukuncedwa kwexesha elizayo." Olu luhlu lwamabali lwapapashwa kuma-1930. Kwaye ngo-1948 incwadi eyahlukileyo yapapasha incwadi efanayo. Kulo mjikelo, umxholo wokungenamakhaya, obalulekileyo kumsebenzi waseBelberova ngokubanzi, wazalwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, uNina Nikolaevna wayesazi ukungabikho komakhaya njengengxaki, kodwa njengento yokuphela kwindoda yekhulu lama-20, engenakho ukuhambelana "nesidleke" sakhe, esiye sayeka ukubonakalisa "ukuhlala ubomi", "izintelezi" kunye "nokukhusela."

"Wokugqibela kunye wokuqala"

Kulo "lokugqibela nokuqala," nangona kunjalo, kwenziwa umzamo wokwakha "isidleke" esinjalo. Ukuthintela ukuba anqwenele ilizwe lakhe, iqhawe leliveli lizama ukudala into efana noluntu olukhuselekileyo, olungenalo kuphela indawo yokukhusela, kodwa kwafuneka kwakhona ukuba luphinde lucacise ubungqina benkcubeko kubathathi-nxaxheba balo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho mntu wachaza ubomi bukaBelberova nobomi bakhe, iimfuno kunye namaphupha eziqhelekileyo zesiRashiya. Emva koko, umxholo wokwakha uluntu oluthile lwabahlali aluzange lukhule kwimisebenzi yaseBerberova. Nangona kunjalo, wahlala eboshwe kwi-biography. UNina Nikolayevna waphila iminyaka yokusebenza kwiplasi elincinane, apho wayebandakanyeka kwiindawo ezisebenzayo.

"Inkosikazi" kunye "Ngaphandle kwelanga"

"Inkosikazi" yinto yesibili kaNine Nikolaevna. Yapapashwa ngowe-1932. Umsebenzi uthetha malunga neenkcukacha zobomi bobulutsha abasemzini, abavela kwisizukulwana sesithathu. Ngowe-1938, inveli yesithathu yabonakala - "Ngaphandle kokushona kwelanga." Ngaphambi kwabafundi kunye namaqhawe, wayebuza umbuzo wendlela kunye nendlela yokuphila kwindoda engummi waseRussia. Impendulo engafanelekanga yile: ukuphela komntu onothando kungenza ulonwabo. Ukugxekwa kwaphawula ukuba la mabali, ahambelana ngokukodwa, afundisayo, abukhali, azonwabisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha athukunyiswa ngokungaphepheli ukukhanya kwabantu nabantu. Le ncwadi inemizila emininzi emihle, iingcamango ezinqabileyo, iingcamango ezibalulekileyo kunye neengcamango.

Ukufudukela e-US, "iKapa yeziThutho"

Emva koko, ngo-1950, uNine Berberova wathuthela e-US. I-biography yakhe kuloo minyaka ibhalwe ngokufundiswa kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton yokuqala yaseRussia, ngoko ke iincwadi zaseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, isangqa sababhali baNina Nikolaevna sahlala sisinye. Ngowe-1950, iveli "iKapa yeziphepho" yabonakala. Ithetha ngezizukulwana ezimbini zokufuduka. Kulo mfana, i-"universal" ibaluleke kakhulu kunokuba "isizwe", kunye nesizukulwana esidala ("abantu bekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo") akacingi ngokuphila ngaphandle kwezithethe zaseRussia. Ukulahlekelwa kwelizwe likhokelela ekulahlekeni kukaThixo. Nangona kunjalo, iintlekele zokomoya kunye neentlanga ezithethayo zichazwa nje ngokuba inkululeko evela kumaziko omthonyama apho umyalelo wehlabathi owawunqotshwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwamagcino.

Iincwadi ezimbini malunga nabaqambi

Incwadi kaNine Berberova malunga nabaqambi yapapashwa nangaphambi kwemfazwe. Le mi sebenzi inomfanekiso we-documentary-biographical. Ngowe-1936 kwavela "uTchaikovsky, ibali lobomi bodwa," ngo-1938 - "Borodin." Bavavanywa njengezinto ezinobulunga obutsha bokubhala. Le nto yayibizwa ngokuba yimiveli engenanto eqhelekileyo okanye, ngokutsho kweKhodasevich, i-biography ebonwe ngobuchule, eyabambelela ngokunyanisekileyo kwiinyani, kodwa yabakhanyisa inkululeko yokuzalwa yabanoveli.

"I-Iron Woman"

UNine Berberova njengomgxeki ulungelelanisa ukungabikho kwalolu hlobo, ngokukodwa kwiimfuno kwixesha elichaphazelekayo kwiintlawulo ezikhoyo kunye nokuzimela. Impumelelo enkulu kaNina Nikolaevna kule ndlela yayiyincwadi ethi "Iron Iron" yavela ngo-1981. Lo yi-biography kaBaroness M. Budberg. Ubomi bakhe babunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo noMnu Gorky, kwaye-ke kunye noH. Wells.

I-Berberova, ehambisa iingubo "zegolide" kunye neengcamango ezingabonakaliyo, yakwazi ukudala umfanekiso ocacileyo we-adventuress. UMnu Budberg wayengomntu wabantu, otsho ngo Berberova, ngokukodwa kubonisa izinto eziqhelekileyo zekhulu lama-20. Ngexesha elingenabubele, lo wayeyindoda ekhethekileyo. Akazange afakwe kwiimfuno zexesha, ephoqeleka ukulibala malunga neziyalezo zokuziphatha kwaye aphile ubomi ukuze aphile. Ibali, ngokusekelwe kwileta, amaxwebhu, ii-akhawunti zokuzibonela, kunye neenkumbulo zombhali zeentlanganiso kunye ne-heroine kunye nezibonakaliso kwimiba yeembali, iquka malunga nesiqingatha sekhulu leminyaka. Ipheliswa ngolu hlobo lohambo olwenziwa ngoBusberg ngo-1960, xa wayeya kuhlazola uBoris Pasternak eMoscow.

"Zam izalathisi"

Ngowe-1969, ngesiNgesi, emva koko ngesiRashiya (ngowe-1972), u-Nina Berberova uqobo lwakhe, i-Myalicics, yanyatheliswa. Ukujonga emva kwakhe ebomini bakhe, uNina Nikolaevna ubona "kwiimxholo" eziphindaphindiweyo, kwaye ubuye aphinde aphinde avuselele ixesha lakhe elidlulileyo kwimeko yeengcamango kunye nengokomoya. Ukucacisa isikhundla sazo sokubhala kunye nesibalulekileyo njenge-Western-anti, i-Orthodox kunye nomhlaba onxamnye nomhlaba, yakha le mpawu "isakhiwo" sobuntu bayo, echasene "nobuqhekeko" kunye "nokungenanto" kwehlabathi. Incwadi ibonisa indlela yokubukeka kunye nokuqonda kwengqondo yokufuduka kweRashiya kwiminyaka phakathi kweemfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini. Iqulethe imemori ebalulekileyo (ngokukodwa malunga neKhodasevich), kwakunye nokuhlalutya kwemisebenzi yabalobi baseRussia (G. Ivanov, uNabokov nabanye).

UBerberova uNina Nikolaevna ngo-1989 weza e-Russia, apho wadibana nabafundi kunye nabagxeki. Wafa ngoSeptemba 26, 1993 e Philadelphia. Kwaye namhlanje umsebenzi kaNine Berberova uhlala ufuna. Uluhlu lweencwadi malunga nalo lusemnandi kakhulu.