Yomonakalo Moral indlela ukuvavanya? Imbuyekezo for umonakalo ngokokuziphatha

Phambi kokuba iinkundla imbuyekezo kucetyiswa ukuba libhekisela umbuzo wokuba yintoni yomonakalo yokuziphatha. Indlela xa livavanywa? Amalungelo oluntu kwi ithuba wokhuseleko esekwe kwiSiqendu 151 of Code Civil. Umthetho uchaza iintlobo umonakalo, nokuba ukubuyisela njani igama ezilungileyo ixhoba.

Iimbalasane

Entshonalanga, badla ukusebenzisa igama elithi "umonakalo ngokokuziphatha". Indlela yokuhlola imali yembuyekezo siya nawuphi na umntu onobuchule ngokusemthethweni. umahluko omkhulu kuvandlakanywa kule ndawo kwi Russian Federation, njengoko nje umba wokhuseleko self abemi belizwe lethu.

Umthetho kweli lizwe ixesha elide, wena kudingeka nje ukuba ufunde ukuwasebenzisa. Phantsi Civil Code, amalungelo Bakhona abantu (itekisi ethile kwisahluko 8 of okuyingxenye 1). amagqwetha abanamava bekulungele ukunceda ongenalwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo kuye kwavela ixhoba kwimbuyekezo yemali.

Umthetho uchaza ukubandezeleka ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni komntu njenge "umonakalo ngokokuziphatha". Indlela ayilinganiseleyo, ekubhekiswe kuyo kwiSiqendu Art. 150 CC. mongo osisiseko Kukho azichazwanga kufuneka anyhashwe amalungelo abantu kwizenzo elikheswa eyakhiwe. Neziphumo ezibi zokubetha yokwenyaniso iinzuzo ezingaphathekiyo, njengoko kuboniswe kwiSiqendu 151 of Code Civil.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuqalisa?

Izizathu ngokuzalisa isicelo kwinkundla emiselwe meko zilandelayo:

• Ngethuba yokubonisana kwi-ofisi igqwetha kuthelekiswa imeko yangoku ixhoba kunye nemimiselo. Phambi izohlwayo enkundla ukunika abalinganiswa yezenzo ummangalelwa.
• Xa infliction ngabom umonakalo ukuchonga iinjongo amanyathelo.
• Iingozi badla kukhokelela umonakalo yokuziphatha, kodwa iinkqubo ezinjalo zinokuphikiswa. Imingcipheko ummangali nisithi, ebangela ukuba kufuneka ahlawule iindleko.
• Sifuna ubungqina obuphathekayo ityala elo yommangalelwa.
• Kwakhona, ummangali ifumana zonke iintlobo ubungqina umonakalo non-pecuniary loss: Ikhefu lokugula, iikliniki makhaya, ubungqina engqonge iphepha kwikhondo unyango ngamayeza.

ukumisela umxholo

Ngoko ke ukucacisa ingqiqo ka "umonakalo ngokokuziphatha". Indlela yokuyiphonononga ngokomthetho? Apha Sisiseko livela kwi Unelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo. Ukuba ukuhlupheka kwabantu okubangelwa zizenzo zamaqela wesithathu, athwale zikwimeko embi, kunye ukuhlazeka, umsindo, iimvakalelo, neentloni.

Phawula amanqaku aphambili ukujonga umonakalo:

• A nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yabantu.
• Lwentengiso kwamalungelo siseko: nenkululeko intshukumo, izenzo, discrediting imbeko nesidima ngummi, copyright.
• Ukuphazamisa ubomi zabucala, esasaza ngolwazi olububuxoki malunga ngummi.
• Ukuphazamisa inkululeko ndoda kunye nekhaya lakhe.
• Kuyingozi emva ukusasazeka lolwazi lobuqu isigulana ngugqirha khona.
• Ukuphazamisa impahla kunye nezinye iimpahla, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabantu: engqondweni nasemzimbeni.

Isicelo enkundleni banelungelo zombini ixhoba kunye nabameli bakhe. Abanebango bafuna imbuyekezo nokuba emva kokufa kwixhoba. Ngoko ke, izihlobo ukubuyisela igama elihle lalowo ungasekhoyo, ukuba nabanyelisi abantu basithatha isenzo okungalunganga.

Yiyiphi imithetho elawula amalungelo oluntu?

Code of Administrative Code Inqaku 4.7 umisela luxanduva ungqubano. umonakalo Non-pecuniary kuthathwa yinkundla, kunye namabango zemali ngokuchasene nommangalelwa. Kodwa wokubhala enokwenziwa kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo.

Amanqaku kweKhowudi Civil isicelo ityala. Ngokutsho Art. 30 of the Code Family, esicacisa izizathu ukuchitha umtshato, ungenza ibango lembuyekezo umonakalo lwempatho kunye nezo zinto evela izenzo kweqabane. umthetho Federal kunceda kwakhona ukusuka ummangalelwa ngezenzo zolwaphulo kwiimeko ezinjalo:

• e ntengiso kunye nokukhuselwa kwe data yakho;
• kanti amanyathelo okuthintela terrorist izenzo;
• kwi-inshorensi kunye nempahla yobomi;
• entsimini amalungelo abantwana;
• kwicandelo lezokhenketho;
• ngelixa ukukhusela amalungelo kwabathengi kunye nefuthe kubomi babantu ye eendaba.

Kwakhona, ekumiseleni umonakalo non-pecuniary inxaxheba amanqaku oyiLabour and Criminal Procedure Code.

Inkqubo yokuya enkundleni

Gcwalisa isicelo kwi umonakalo non-pecuniary ingcono emva kwengxoxo buqu kunye neengxaki umoni. zokuhlala Pre-kwetyala kweembambano inceda ukugcina ixesha neendleko kwiingxoxo. Zonke izinto ezimbi kufuneka bazame usikhumbuze welinye icala.

Onke amanyathelo zikhatshwa uxwebhu yobhaliso, ngencwadi ebhaliweyo, ukuba umoni ecacisa ezithathwe utyikityo kunye nomhla. Kufuneka siqulathe izizathu zokwala imbuyekezo okanye intlanganiso. Isindululo ukwenza zokusonjululwa ileta ithunyelwe ngeposi pre-kwetyala.

Imida phezu komthetho nowokunceda lingakulungele, ulwazi ekubhekiswe kuyo kwiSiqendu 208 kumhlathi 1 Code Civil. Isuti iyafumaneka kwi eligunya kwindawo ahlala kuyo umoni, kodwa ukuba umonakalo ithathwa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho, iphepha kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba ivele kwinkundla yenqila. Ngaphambi koku, kufuneka ukuba ahlawule iindleko zomthetho.

Thina mazibale imali yebango

Imbuyekezo ibalwa yinkundla ngokomthetho ngoku ngeli xesha, akukho kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha isenzo okungalunganga. Imali kweziphumo umonakalo non-pecuniary sinqongophele kwaye ayidluli amaxesha 720 nemivuzo ephantsi. Ukuba lommangali hayi natyetyiswa ngokusebenzisa umthetho, isixa semali malimiselwe ngokungqinelana ingqondo. Oko kukuthi, umphumo inikezelwa umonakalo elingana.

Le Nkundla utsalela ingqalelo imeko yemali ummangalelwa. Ukuba akakwazi ukuhlawula kubonelelwa nguye, ngoko, ingqiqo, ngokubanzi, imbuyekezo uya kohluthwa. Into ebalulekileyo imeko ebonakalayo umoni:

• nokukhubazeka;
• ubudala;
• nokukhulelwa;
• abaxhomekeke kuwe.

Yokwahluka isiphumo kwimeko

Ulingo badla umbuzo yeendawo zokuhlala yehlabathi kwimbambano. umonakalo pecuniary loss imiswe ngokungqinelana iminqweno ummangali kunye nemvume yommangalelwa lowo. Kodwa ukuba inkundla ifumanisa kukwaphula lo mthetho, andivumelani isigqibo.

ukupheliswa kwangethuba zemveliso lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba kungokuvumelana. isivumelwano Ukuhlaliswa ishenxisa ibango okuphindiweyo ixhoba, leyo olunceda umoni. Ngenxa yoko, izigqibo kwiinkqubo zenkundla ezinokuthi umngeni lingadlulanga ixesha elimiselweyo. Noko ke, kukho iindidi ezimbini ngaphandle: iimeko zitshintshile egameni lommangali okanye inkundla esekwe ezingezo-imbonakalo lomqondiso wamva.

isicelo Ukuphindaphindwa Kucetyiswa ukuba igqwetha ukuqwalasela zonke iinketho iimvavanyo elizayo. Kubhetele ukuba siphephe iimpazamo eziya kubangela inkunkuma okungeyomfuneko kunye nokulahlekelwa kwexesha. Ngapha koko, ummangalelwa efayilini ibango ngenxa ngezityholo zobuxoki.

Imbuyekezo elandelayo imoto yengozi

Ukuqokelelwa umonakalo non-pecuniary kunokwenzeka kuphela ngobugwenxa bungqinelwa izenzo umoni. Ngenxa yoko, umonakalo kwisithuthi ibhekisela kulimaza eziphathekayo. Kwidilesi udaba an ebambekayo ngendlela, ummangalelwa kufuneka bayaqikelela iyintsomi into ukuyenza.

Ukwenzakala yengqondo okanye emzimbeni kufuneka ziboniswe kwiphepha. Zonke izigqibo ezenziwa oyingcaphephe abaqeqeshiweyo ezinephepha kwizikolo zonyango. Ekubaleni imali yembuyekezo yenziwa ngokwe umonakalo eziphathekayo bayimisa inkundla nganye ngenxa yezizathu yobulungisa nengqiqo.

Ukubandakanya ukwenzakala ukubandezeleka engqondweni okubangelwa ingozi. Apha, inkundla kubonwa umonakalo ngqo. amava yokuziphatha iindleko eziphathekayo akuqinisekanga kwaye iingxoxo kukhokelela-based ukuba imbuyekezo ngemali. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ubungqina ngamazwi umgwebi ukuze akaqukwanga, ekubeni zonke izizathu kufuneka zibhalwe.