Indima edlalwa ngurhulumente ebomini yezoqoqosho (socialism). Imisebenzi ngurhulumente kuqoqosho

USSR imela Union of Soviet Socialist seeRiphablikhi. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba bonke abo ababehlala kancinci kweli lizwe, ngokunjalo nomfanekiso yintoni na socialism. Ukubekwa incwadi - into, Kakade ke, luncedo, kodwa i ngcamango. Kodwa ubomi eSoviet Union - umkhuba! Ingaba zininzi izinto esifana ngazo?

theory of kwiSocialism

Boqobo njengengqiqo yentanda ikhona nkulungwane ngaphezu kwesinye. Owavela yayingeyiyo uKarl Marx. Malunga iSocialism wabhala Plato, kwaba ithandwa kakhulu eGrisi yamandulo ingqiqo. Kuyancomeka iingcamango socialism Campanella kunye Thomas More. Kwaye ngoko imbono yabo ngalo mba va uKarl Marks.

Ziziphi iingcamango ezisisiseko kwiSocialism? Kuphika ingcamango yokuba kwipropati yabucala kunye ngokutsha ezisembindini kobutyebi. Ngokutsho mbono yobusoshiyali, oko ngumbutho oluntu aya kudala uluntu kakhulu nje kwaye simahla apho bonke abemi bayalingana. Kodwa ke, nanku umbuzo: Ngubani uya kuyithumela le iinzuzo ofunyanisiweyo phakathi kwabahlali ngokulinganayo? abemi kakhulu ngokulinganayo? Yaye ngaba bekungayi kuba ngamandla ezandleni zabo buzinze into ebalulekileyo kakhulu ngaphezu naluphi na ulawulo-yoohlohlesakhe okanye inkosi ngokupheleleyo?

theory lobubi

Lo mbuzo - asinguye kuphela. ezingangqinelaniyo ubhalo enjalo imfundiso ezininzi socialism. Kungenxa yoko le nto iye ekho- kuphela njengengqiqo yentanda, kunye nababhali imisebenzi ezisingelwe kuye kwabizwa abanemibono kunye utopians. elichaza kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo sakudala, banyibilikiswe definition boqobo "bangazinzi".

UKarl Marx ngokwakhe, ongumxhasi azinikele le meko-bulumko, wayekholelwa ukuba ukusungulwa kwalo mbono kubomi uluntu kukwenza iintlantsi yokuzivelela. Yaye eneneni, iingcamango ezisisiseko socialism ekhoyo uhlobo yayo enyulu, ekwakuphila isicelo. Ngokuba bathi bangquzulane ngqo kunye nemiba engundoqo neyintsusa psyche yabantu. Ngelishwa, abantu abafezekanga, kuba akukho ndawo nepaki.

Amazwe bezama ukwakha socialism

nomqondo wefilosofi akunjalo - olwahlula kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo inkcazelo socialism. Imbali yale intshukumo kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba imizamo isebenza - oko kuyingozi kakhulu. Bambalwa kakhulu amazwe abaye bakhetha le ndlela ziye zaphumelela na.

Okunye ngqo, kuphela mnye - Sweden. Umzantsi Melika kunye Afrika ibe kunokuba practice counter-iintengiso socialism kunye yiSoviet Union, nangona phumelelo liye laba nempumelelo, kodwa zikude kakhulu emkile imigaqo esisiseko zokufundisa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umzekelo amazwe bafumene impumelelo kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba China. Kodwa kunganzima ukuba ingqalelo Maoism yenye amasebe socialism. I-Chinese ngokwabo ebesoloko ingqalelo ngokwabo amaKomanisi kunye bezwe. Kwaye ke iingcinga nobuntu, apho oba a socialism zoqobo, Maoism yalapha.

Ngoko ke, ucinga amava ukuphunyezwa ngokwenene i-theory yokulingana jikelele ebomini, kungcono ukuba bathembele kumava mazwe mabini: Sweden kunye eSoviet Union. Bahamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo yaye ukutyhilwa eyahlukileyo imfundiso socialism. Kwaye ke iziphumo zafezekiswa nje eyahlukileyo. Kodwa ukwazi ngakumbi ukuba azilingani nabo.

ulawulo Economy nesimo

Nayiphi na ingcamango yezopolitiko isoloko isekelwe kuqoqosho. Le - inkqubo, inyama negazi, ngophahla nangeendonga. lubalulekileyo - indima kwezoqoqosho eluntwini. Ukuba ekuqaleni imbono yezopolitiko kudala ubudlelwane ezoqoqosho kunye nemali, ngoko loo meko olungaphesheya. Economy kuluntu ludlala indima ephambili, kunye zobunkokeli msinyane elo lizwe niya kukuqonda oko, ngcono. Umzekelo ezaziwa meko - Russian imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. wezopolitiko Iyitshabalalisile umyalelo omdala kwezoqoqosho izame ukwenza artificially ukungabi entsha ahambelanayo. Eneneni, kangangexesha elithile, lo cadaver khona. Kodwa ke ingxaki imfazwe, kwaye urhulumente kwanyanzeleka ukuba ulungise ideology kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ukuvuselela uqoqosho. kuyaphikisana nep ngqo zonke iimfundiso ezibhengeziweyo. Kodwa kwafuneka ukuba lingeniswe. Kufuneka. Yaba kuphela kwendlela ukuzinzisa le meko. Ngoko ke kweli dabi 'imali-ingcamango "nofifi ebilahlekile. Marx okulungileyo, lo mba nangoku zaseprayimari.

Uqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo njenge ububange karhulumente

Kodwa iindlela zemveliso kufuneka ngokudibeneyo ephethwe. Ke iimpahla eziveliswa - zasasazwa, yaye ngokucacileyo kwindawo eyodwa. Enyanisweni, oku socialism. Indima edlalwa ngurhulumente kwezoqoqosho, ke ngoko, ukuba akugungqi.

Kwi-USSR, zinto. Emva kokuba ngokuwa-nkqubo nep ezamahala loqoqosho ezicwangcisiweyo yaqaliswa, ngokusekelwe kolawulo ngqo ngurhulumente phezu ubomi noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Imarike ngengqiqo eliseNtshona igama USSR xa angekhoyo nesenzeko. Akukho ukuzeyisa kwaneliswe nemfuneko, akukho khuphiswano. Zonke kwafakwa izicwangciso engundoqo kunye ummiselo ngumntu. Kwakungenjalo indima karhulumente ebomini yezoqoqosho. Boqobo eSoviet Union bendiqonda "accounting ulawulo". Ke loo mazwi yaba intsingiselo yokoqobo. Nawuphi na imfuno, mfuneko ukubala ngenyameko kunye namaziko yokuvelisa wafumana umyalelo ocacileyo. Kufuneka le intsimbi eninzi, iitrektara ezininzi kangaka kunye izibini ezininzi neembadada zabantwana.

iingxaki yommiselo karhulumente

wayalela imigangatho yemveliso ngoxa wathabatha iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye ngoko ke umjikelezo. Uqoqosho Socialist yale hlobo ayizange khona ngokwalo. Yena waba nendima igcisa kunye kumatshini karhulumente.

uqoqosho lidla kuthelekiswa ne eziphilayo. Healthy okanye hayi, ukubabomelele, bangamaphakuphaku. Kodwa - abaphilayo, kungekhona bafuna isikhokelo: "Intliziyo beysya igazi - theca" Imisebenzi kaRhulumente kwezoqoqosho eSoviet Union baba ebanzi kakhulu, ukuba malunga naluphi Ukufana umzimba kunye nentetho kuba nako. Ingaba ukuba - hayi kakhulu esiphilayo into enxulumene kumatshini dialysis, ukukhanya iisoyi kunye pacemaker ngaxeshanye. Kwaye, ukuba uqhubeke isivumelwano, endaweni igazi kuye - ezinye plasma wawuqalekisa. Ngenxa yokuba imali engange eSoviet akazange nje non-ukuguqulelwa. Wayephila ngaphandle kwekhosi, zidle kwezoqoqosho.

market exchange sokuzenzela

Imisebenzi zoMbuso kuqoqosho USSR waba ebanzi kangangokuba isantya sonaniso esemthethweni lwemali kazwelonke yayingenanto yakwenza naliphi yokwenene ngamandla nokuthengwa emali, okanye uphindo bangaphandle. Umlinganiselo ka-1 Ruble - $ 1 ikhona kuphela ngaphakathi lizwe, ndawo ngaphandle ukuba babelane engange ngexabiso onjalo engenakwenzeka. Kwaye eSoviet Union, lo umlinganiselo real kuphela ngentengiselwano eqhubekayo. Amaxabiso Black market zahluke kakhulu. Lakuvakala elo lizwe bamshiya umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo engqongqo imarike imali yelinye ilizwe, le engange wawa - gxebe, wathabatha isikhundla, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aboleke ngaphandle kwenkxaso ngumntu.

Le inkathazo wesi ngumntu uqoqosho - kubukho ngendlela, bume incubator engenazintsholongwane ekwanti yenza umzimba ingca ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka mhlawumbi hayi ukuba ashiye indawo ekhuselekileyo okanye ukulungiselela ukuba bunyaniso kuya kutyumza iglasi kwihlabathi-ethe.

production kakhulu static

efanayo iingxaki noqoqosho, ekhoyo kwi kulawulo olulawulwayo kakhulu. Yena, ke, uzinzile - iingxaki market phantse kuyo musa ukuchukumisa. Kodwa ke imali uxhathiso - egqwesileyo ukuqina. Le uqoqosho ayikho ngokwayo nako ukuphendula le meko utshintsho leyinene. Kwaye ke imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa zilawulwa kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla, yaye ngenxa yoko, musa ilingane iimfuno ezikhoyo, kunye neengcamango ngezi imibuzo, abahlala ekuyileni abasemagunyeni olawulo. Yiloo nto kanye indima karhulumente ebomini yezoqoqosho. ESoviet-style socialism nako ukunika abemi kwigumbi simahla, kodwa akaba nako ukuvelisa indlela yezempilo ababhinqileyo. Ngenxa nje yokuba i imfuno zokuhlala kuyaphawuleka ngomlinganiselo wesizwe, kwaye kwesidingo sokusebenzisa - oku akwazuza, leyo ukusuka ukuphakama yolawulo karhulumente kwaye ayikwazi aziyi kuqwalaselwa.

iziqinisekiso loLuntu USSR

Kodwa kunye neentsilelo ezicacileyo ezinjalo, inkqubo yentlalo noqoqosho USSR waba ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ewe, kwamagqabi abazange - kodwa ke amagumbi baba kanye! Inqanaba zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu kwi-USSR kwaba kumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu.

izindlu Free, unyango ezamahala, imfundo free, eqinisekiswe yengqesho abanezidanga ... Kwakukho imangalisayo ukwazi; kwelinye icala, i-avareji esemgangathweni ngokuphila eSoviet Union yaba asezantsi kakhulu kunokuba eYurophu okanye eMelika. Kwelinye icala, kwaba avareji ngokwenene - oko kukuthi, kwakungekho nelincinci Villas eyinkcitho labantu okanye becela kwiibhokisi kwikhadibhodi. Sinokuthi umgangatho wenkonzo esibhedlele eSoviet njengesiqhelo izigulane unprivileged yaba ngaphantsi eFransi okanye eNgilani. Kodwa unako, kwaye khumbula ukuba eFransi okanye eNgilani, abantu ngaphandle inshorensi phantse anganikwa ilungelo lokuba unyango, kwaye i-USSR, kwaba enye kweziqinisekiso yentlalo bonke.

abafundi abaninzi eSoviet Union zaye aneliseke unikezelo: amashishini imimandla ezikude, baleka-phantsi. Ngoku, mhlawumbi, kungekhona umfundi akatshatanga nakuba zinomona lo mkhwa. umsebenzi qinisekisa yokuhlala free, nangona ihostele, ithemba lokufumana indlu yakhe.

Le ezikhoyo USSR inkqubo yentlalo nezoqoqosho, kuba zonke iziphene zayo, wabuza imigangatho ephakame gqitha kwizifundo ekwabeni umntu karhulumente. Kunye efanelekileyo nje alinakuzuzwa.

enye Swedish

Kodwa indima Socialism ubomi bezoqoqosho kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Sweden musa ukuyigatya ipropati yabucala, okanye uqoqosho emarikeni. Kodwa ke wakha 'Socialism nge ubuso bomntu ", ifikelele usukelo, apho eSoviet Union wayeneminyaka engaphezu kwama-70.

I balwa wathabatha intle ingqiqo yentanda - unonophelo umntu kunye ingqalelo iimfuno zakhe kunye neemfuno. Kwaye ishiywe ezinobungozi ngenxa impracticability iinjongo: ukupheliswa kwipropati yabucala kunye nokusasazwa zangaphakathi. Umfuziselo Swedish ibandakanya ulawulo karhulumente ubomi bentlalo noqoqosho - kodwa kuphela kwicandelo kweziqinisekiso zentlalo. Ngapha koko, akuyomfuneko ukuba ulawula bezinto zokuvelisa abatshabalalise imarike free. Kwanele ukuba ukudala inkqubo oluyimpumelelo ngokutsha.

Inkxaso ezoshishino

Koku kwaye inciphise indima karhulumente ebomini yezoqoqosho. Boqobo in Swedish - yinkqubo enobulungisa kweerhafu kunye, reallocations afanelekileyo fanerile.

Ngokwahlukileyo eSoviet Union, eli lizwe lushishino lwabucala ekhuthazayo kakhulu, amancinci kakhulu kunye neziphakathi. Ngapha koko, le yeyona ndlela ogqibeleleyo! Man self-ezaneleyo kunye nomsebenzi nendlela awayephila ngayo, yaye ahlawule irhafu. Andifuni mntu ukuba basiyalele ukukhula njani ikhaphetshu, kodwa ukuthunga njani neehempe. Nale mfuno entle ngesiphatho yabathengi. Lokuzifumanela ngaphezulu, abemi abazizityebi, irhafu kokukhona baya kuhlawula, yaye ngenxa yoko, kokukhona luya eyothi ibe kwinqanaba loluntu. Ngelo xesha linye i-nkqubo yerhafu yenziwe ukuze oosomashishini buyanceda ukwandisa imithamo imveliso, ngokwale mihla nokwandisa inkampani.

Boqobo in Swedish

Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba balwa ngaphandle indima yolawulo karhulumente ebomini yezoqoqosho. Boqobo njengento inkxalabo abantu ayixhomekekanga kuphunyezwa ngendlela monopolisation imveliso, kwaye ngenxa yokusebenzisa sikhokelo esemthethweni. Ingcamango ukulingana Sweden ifumene amazwi aluncedo. abasebenzi abanezakhono kunye abangenazakhono, amadoda kunye nabafazi - nawuphi na umntu owenza umsebenzi ethile, wamkela imali kuba uyifaka kwizinto njongo ezifana ukuntsonkotha umsebenzi kunye nomgangatho iziphumo. Oku - ziziphumo umsebenzi we-Swedish iimanyano zabasebenzi, kunye ngalo usebenzisana ngokusondeleyo.

Ukongeza, eli lizwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu ngokubanzi nokunyamezelana. Ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisini, ubuhlanga, iinkolelo zonqulo phantse akunakwenzeka - isohlwayo kulo mzekelo, akukho nzima kuphela, kodwa kunqandwa.

ESweden, akukho nkqubo jikelele kweziqinisekiso zentlalo, njengoko eSoviet Union, kodwa kukho inkqubo ye-inshorensi yoluntu karhulumente, apho usebenza kubo bonke abahlali. Wonke ummi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yengeniso yabo, bafumana inkxaso yoluntu kwimeko elililo.

Ngale ndlela, le balwa bakwazi ukuqonda ukuba ingcamango nephupha ukulingana kunye nokhuseleko jikelele, ngaphandle kokunikezela nayiphi na ipropati yabucala, okanye ezamahala yorhwebo kunye namashishini ngezimvo.