Okubonakalayo - it ... ukhuselo Iintlobo nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo

okubonakalayo - sisiseko abantu. Iimfuno kwezi mveliso kunye noluntu - yeyona ngxaki iphambili kuqoqosho. Ngengqiqo ebanzi, libhekisela zonke izibonelelo zendalo ezisetyenziswa ngumntu kwindawo exineneyo - kanye yintoni na umthombo yemveliso eziphathekayo. Umzekelo njengesibonelelo olukrwada ioli. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni weekhemikhali, amafutha, iiplastiki, imveliso amayeza. Omnye umzekelo ziinkuni. Lusetyenziswa mveliso ezahlukeneyo iimveliso, kuquka nempahla. Kukho yeSebe elahlukileyo Namahlathi, nto leyo phithi ukukhuselwa kwezibonelelo ehlathini kwingingqi nganye Russian Federation.

ukuba nombono

okubonakalayo - nayiphi na imveliso yezolimo kunye namahlathi, ukuloba, zonke iintlobo neetyuwa zifumaneka uhlobo yayo yoqobo okanye ngokwemigaqo utshintsho elungiswa ezithengiswayo kwihlabathi. Umzekelo, i-oyile, umqhaphu, amalahle, intsimbi, umoya, amaplanga, amanzi olwandle. Malunga ne-30% ye oovimba behlabathi non-eneji imithombo yezimbiwa bebekelwa kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, le meko iye kakubi uphuhliso kwamazwe. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba 'isifo Dutch ". osemqoka yaso ukuxhomekeka uqoqosho kwi kwamanye amazwe resource.

Njengesiseko kuqoqosho

Ngoko ke, umthombo izinto ekrwada - kukuba zonke olukhoyo indalo kwaye sele yenziwe ngaphandle nomgudu loluntu. Basenokuba Kufuneka ukuba kwangaphambili kakubi okanye hayi. Iqela lokuqala, umzekelo, zibandakanya amanzi okanye umoya wesibini - ore metal, neoli, uninzi iintlobo imithombo ye-eneji. Ukusasazwa izinto ekrwada yingxaki enkulu, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwamanani koovimba bayo. Rhweba ngaphandle kwemithombo yendalo - isiseko kwezoqoqosho ezininzi. Ezinye izinto okrwada ikuyo, ezifana ilanga kunye nomoya. Abanye inokufumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile. Kuphela ngeentlobo ezimbalwa nemithombo yemvelo alipheli. Noko ke, uninzi esitokisini zemathiriyeli ekrwada kakhulu kangako, oko kukuthi, oku kungabangela elizayo, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwimveliso.

ngezigaba

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ekuchongeni amaqela kwemithombo yendalo. Ulwahlulo oqhelekileyo kubo a ulwahlulo umthombo imvelaphi, degree yokujongwa renewability. Ngokuphathelele bemfuno yokuqala, la maqela mabini alandelayo:

• izinto zasemanzini ekrwada. Ke zizilwanyana, izityalo kunye nezinto eziphilayo anokuzuzwa kubo. Umzekelo, oku didi ikwaquka kumafutha eziphili zamandulo, ingakumbi amalahle neoli. Baya lizale umcimbi organic ziphuma.
• izinto Abiotic ekrwada. umahluko wabo ukuba akukho organic unemvelaphi. Phakathi izinto abiotic ekrwada ukuze kuchazwe umhlaba, amanzi acocekileyo, umoya kunye nesinyithi enzima, kuquka igolide, intsimbi, ubhedu, isiliva.

kwimveliso

Omnye umbandela ngokuhlelwa inokuba isidanga processing. La maqela alandelayo bungabonakala kuye:

• imithombo ezinokubakho. Ziquka izinto ekrwada, noninzi lwezinto abakulo mmandla, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo icwangciswe kuphela kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo, oyile zifumaneka nezokukhupha kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Noko ke, kude kufike ixesha Ndiqale ukuphuhlisa lentsimi yayo, oko kuhlala resource enokwenzeka.
• Eyona yorhwebo. Olu didi lubandakanya imithombo, inani kunye nomgangatho apho eso, sele siqwalaselwe, nezokukhupha yazo ikhutshwa phandle ngalo mzuzu. The degree of nokuqhutywa izinto ekrwada ixhomekeke lobuchwepheshe ezikhoyo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene.
• imithombo Eyogcino. Le njengenxalenye yezinto ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngakumbi inzuzo kwixesha elizayo.
• imithombo "Yiba nenceba". Olu didi lubandakanya iidipozithi izinto ekrwada ezithe uphando, kodwa ke uphuhliso lwabo kufuna ezintsha kwaye okwangoku ubuchwepheshe bafunda. Ngokomzekelo, hydrogen.

zokugaya

Ingxaki angehli uqoqosho yeyona Infinity kweemfuno zoluntu izibonelelo ezimbalwa ezikhoyo. izinto zendalo ekrwada ukuze imveliso ibe zicacisa renewability. Ngenxa yale njengenqobo ezichongiweyo amaqela amabini:

• Izinto ezibubutyebi belizwe ezinokuhlaziyeka. Bona kwakhona ngokwendalo. Ezinye zezi zibonelelo, ezifana kwelanga, umoya, amanzi, ifumaneka rhoqo, kwaye ukutyiwa zabantu ayithethi kakhulu kuchaphazela umthamo wabo. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye okunegalelo ukuba uyaphela kwi inxaxheba kakhulu kwinkqubo yemveliso. Oku kuyenzeka ukuba wemvula obazalayo elicothayo kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba lo mntu, kodwa hayi kwizigidi zeminyaka.
• Amajelo angenakuhlaziyeka. Aphila ngayo kolu didi okanye akhiwe kakhulu kancinci, okanye wadalwa kwendalo esingqongileyo ngokubanzi. Umzekelo nevozbnovlyaemyh wemithombo izimbiwa kakhulu. nokudaleka kuthatha kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngoko, ngokwembono kwezimbiwa zokubasa edibana ngayo kwesi sigaba.

Le nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi yendalo

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ekrwada kwenzeka, nangona kwizikali ezahlukeneyo, kokubini kuluntu pre-mveliso, kwakunye namhlanje. Kwemigodi, amahlathi, ezolimo kunye nokuloba lilungu kwicandelo iphambili kuqoqosho. Beninikela imithombo kwezinye iindawo apho abasebenza ixabiso ngokwaneleyo longeziwe. Ubutyebi lizwe ixhomeke kakuhle kangakanani na imithombo yezimbiwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ekungeneni kwemali evela kwintengiso ingadala iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene ukuvela kwamaxabiso, ebangela umonakalo namanye amacandelo ( "isifo Dutch") kunye norhwaphilizo, kukhokelela ekwandeni ukungalingani kwengeniso kunye inhibition lokukhula.

Kwamanani zempahla ekrwada

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingxaki ingakumbi nokoyika okwandileyo ushishino kwemithombo yendalo. Umba ukudinwa bengasetyenziswa oorhulumente kuphela wesizwe, kodwa umbutho ngamazwe afana ne-UN. Xa isimo nganye kukho ezinye arhente ukuba bekwi ekukhuseleni kweentlobo ezithile zempahla ekrwada. Umzekelo, kwingingqi nganye Russian Federation na namaHlathi, njongo ogama main ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo amalungelo okusetyenziswa kwemithombo iinkuni.

Iindlela ukuphucula ukusebenza

Ukuze yokulondoloza izibonelelo - iinkuni kunye neeminerali - ukulungiselela izizukulwana ezizayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba sizisebenzise kakuhle. Kwaba malunga nomba ukudinwa zempahla ekrwada isekelwe ingqikelelo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ukuphunyezwa kwawo kunxulumene wokulungelelanisa neemfuno zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Ukuncipha kwemithombo yendalo ngenxa imveliso yawo ngqo, kunye ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda kokungazinzi umgangatho womhlaba kuba sisiphumo sophuhliso olubanzi zezolimo.

Ukhuseleko lwezibonelelo zendalo

Ngowe-1982, i-UN liphuhlise Charter okhethekileyo, injongo ephambili apho ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwimiphumo ezibi bemisebenzi yabantu. Uyatsho ukuba kufanele kuthathwe kuwo onke amanqanaba. Lijongene nalo mba kusekho iqela lemibutho ngamazwe. Isiseko izinto ekrwada kunye nokukhuselwa yayo ngumba icandelo elahlukileyo eziphilayo njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi.