Battle of the Alta River iminyaka 1068: ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo

Battle komlambo Alta phakathi iinkosana Russian, oonyana Yaroslava Mudrogo, kunye nomkhosi Polovtsian kwenzeka ngo-1068. Iindaba sale mpi azikho ezininzi yemihla, kodwa kaloku nje iye yaba yenye ukungqubana kwemihla ezinkulu phakathi ngxabano Russian-Polovtsian. Le ukulwa kufuneka zibonwe njengenxenye imfazwe elide phakathi abaselula kunye Russian emathafeni karhulumente ihlabathi lamandulo Polovtsian.

prehistory

Battle komlambo Alta yaba sisiphumo ukungqubana zangaphambili phakathi iinkosana Russian kunye Polovtsy. Ababhali-mbali ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe izigaba ezithathu yomzabalazo:

• 11 leminyaka;
• ebudeni bolawulo Vladimira Monomaha ;
• Kwisiqingatha sesibini 12 - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13.

Ngenkulungwane ye-11 endaweni kummandla Northern Black Sea Pechenegs kuhlala izizwe emathafeni abatsha amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuqhuba ukuhlasela ngamaxesha kumhlaba Russian. Noko ke, abazange ukuzama ukoyisa imeko entsha, ke kuphela into yokuba kwabemi oozilawuli inkunzi kwabantu kwakhokelela ekuthinjweni. Inani wabo wafika amakhulu amawaka abantu, ngoxa ngokwaseburhulumenteni Old Russian, ngokutsho izazinzulu, kukho malunga ezintlanu kunye nabantu sesigidi yingxenye. Noko ke, nangona lo mahluko kwinani labantu Cumans uloyiko enkulu eRashiya. Sisihlandlo sokuqala yezi zizwe zemfazwe ephila ezifumaneka Chronicle phantsi kunyaka 1061, xa bathe bahlasela ilizwe Pereiaslav apho ngukumkani omnye woonyana abaselula Yaroslava Mudrogo.

ngumba

Battle of the Alta River baphela ngokoyiswa Yaroslav. Isizathu soku ukusilela kufuneka wafuna kwiimeko zembali zempilo zikarhulumente Old Russian ngenkulungwane ye-11. Ukuba ngexesha umzabalazo kunye Pechenegs nabathetheli basebenze kunye, ngoko ngexesha eziphathekayo imikhosi yazo ahluka, emva ukwenzeka eqhekekileyo.

amajoni Inkulu abazange zimelwe, njengokuba ngaphambili, umkhosi olunye wamajoni, le izinduna baba ukuhambahamba nakumlawuli omnye komnye, yaye ngamnye kubo ngayo inkosi ngokupheleleyo kumhlaba wakhe. Noko ke, le mfazwe phezu komlambo Alta iye yabonisa amathuba lokumanywa imikhosi ebusweni usongo eqhelekileyo. Three Prince - Izyaslav Kievsky, Svyatoslav Chernigovsky kunye Vsevolod Pereyaslavl - abamanyeneyo ukuze alwe lutshaba eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abathetheli wenza ngamxhelo mnye. Ngoko ke, babathimba umninawa wakhe Vseslav Polotsk, yaye yabamba ngaye bathinjwa kwikomkhulu.

Battle kunye nemiphumela

Battle of the Alta lwathatha kuqhubeka ngoSeptemba 1068. imikhosi kwakhokelela Polovtsian Khan Sharukan ngelika Old. Le isifo yaphela ngokoyiswa butho Russian, abathetheli basabile edabini, kunye Cumans baqalisa kuphanga elumelwaneni of Kiev, nto leyo eyabangela ukunganeliseki babahlali. Abathetheli wala ukuba alungiselele kuhambo entsha utshaba, uze emva koko kwimvukelo yaqala. Izyaslav Yaroslavich wabaleka ukuya ePoland kuKumkani Boleslaw II, ngubani wayikhupha imikhosi yakhe sindisa.

ngaphandle Second Prince Svyatoslav, enesihlwele esinzima encinane waya kumkhawulela utshaba waphuka nomkhosi wakhe kunathi. Oku kwenzeka ngoNovemba 1068, kufutshane nedolophu Snovsk. Okokuqala Novgorod Chronicle lweVulgate omncinane nokuba ingxelo ukuba Khan ngokwakhe Sharukan yathinjwa squad Russian. Noko ke, le unciphiso akujongwa echanekileyo kude kube sekupheleni, njengoko Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka, ukulanda ngezi ziganeko, yena alingekhankanywa igama Khan kwikhompyutha. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ke ingozi Polovtsian sisusiwe ngokusisigxina, nangona kule minyaka 70 ngenkulungwane ye-11 yabamba kokulwa encinane phakathi kwabo kunye namagorha Russian. Ukongeza asimele, silibale ukuba abalawuli Polovtsian kumaxesha ngamaxesha ungenelele kwiimfazwe lwangaphakathi phakathi iinkosana Russian, maxa wambi bade babe namahlakani awo.

iziphumo

I-Battle of the River Alta Yaroslaviches phakathi abazalwana Polovtsy kuzichaza kuphela edabini, kodwa ke iziphumo zopolitiko kakhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka ukuba imbali karhulumente Old Russian.

Emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli abathetheli ukulungiselela iphulo elitsha nxamnye abahlali Polovtsy eKiev neenkani, wakhululwa Vseslava Polotskogo kwaye kufuneka ukukhusela isixeko. Yombhodamo yandele kwamanye iindawo, wazigquma eziliqela iilali, yaye ezinye zazo benganelisekanga ekhokelwa izazi. Yabemi Kiev yabamba amandla iinyanga ezisixhenxe. Izyaslav abe namandla ngoncedo imikhosi Polish e Vseslav Polotsky basaba kweso sixeko.

amanyathelo izikhulu

Battle of the Alta River Polovtsy kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ingxaki enkulu nepolitiki yangaphakathi. Emva kokuba qhankqalazo nakhandiweyo, kunye Izyaslav wabuya wahlala phantsi, ukuba ngukumkani e Kiev, yena nabazalwana bakhe, wapapasha ingqokelela yemithetho, leyo kuthiwa "Inyaniso Yaroslav".

abazalwana Resolution ochaphazelekayo ikakhulu ukukhusela kwenene, ipropati feudal kwaye seigniorial, apho umntu ukucinga ukuba kuhlaselwa Polovtsian kukhokelele ukungqubana kakhulu phakathi ephakamileyo kunye Ingxenye oluntu. Ngoko ke, lo imfazwe phezu komlambo Alta Polovtsy zenzeka ngexesha xa ukuphikisana zentlalo ziba nzima zikarhulumente Old Russian.