Concept kunye iimpawu iiphiramidi zemali. nobutyala ngenxa iiphiramidi zemali

Ibinzana elithi "ipiramidi yemali" yaba yinto yokukhohlisa kunye nobuqhetseba. Nangona kunjalo, kwanamhlanje indlela enjalo yokwakha ishishini iyaqhubeka isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Abasomashishini beza nazo zonke iindlela ezintsha, kwaye le nto ayiyi kutshabalalisa. Ziziphi iimpawu zeepramramid zemali? Iyintoni intsingiselo yazo? Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi iinkcukacha

Indlela yeepramamidi

Ukwakha ishishini ngesimo sepiramidi kuquka ukubandakanya izicwangciso ezininzi zababanzi-mali abaqinisekisa ukuba uzinzo kunye nenzuzo yenkqubo. Inkqubo yepiramidi yezemali iyilula: abatyala-mali abatsha baqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kotyalo-mali lwabatyalomali abadlulileyo. Ephakamileyo izinga lokungena, umkhulu kakhulu wokwenza inzuzo. Cishe akukho namathuba okufumana imali kulabo abasemzantsi wepiramidi, kwaye, ngokucacileyo, ininzi. Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ikhutshwe ngulowo omi phezulu, mhlawumbi kufuphi nomphezulu. Utyalo-mali lwamaPiramidi akusoloko luqhinga lobuqhetseba, kodwa luhlala lusengozini. Nangona ukungasebenzi kakubi kwinkqubo kunokukhokelela ekuhleni kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuwa kwehla kwenzeka xa omnye okanye abatshali-mali abakhulu befuna ukurhoxisa utyalo-mali.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya uhlobo lwezakhiwo zemali zepiramidi: okokuqala, loo maqumrhu angaba neefom ezahlukeneyo zombutho kunye nezomthetho; okwesibini, yinkqubo ekhulayo yezibophelelo zetyala; ixesha elide liyakwazi ukuphila, ngakumbi liqokelela amatyala; Okwesithathu, ipiramidi inokucingwa njengoluhlobo lobuqhetseba, nangona kukho iimeko ezithile xa ezi zakhiwo zenziwe ngeenjongo ezifanelekileyo. Kodwa ngokusoloko ziindlela zokucebisa ngokukhawuleza, ngoko zizisa imibuzo kubameli bezomthetho.

Iinkalo eziphambili zeepramidid zemali

Ukuthetha ngoshishino lwepramramidal, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba inokuba yinto eyahluke kakhulu, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukubona ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Uphawu lokuqala olubalulekileyo lweepramramid zemali kukungabikho kwemali egunyazisiweyo. Zonke iintlawulo zeegalelo zibangelwa ukutsala abatyale-mali abatsha. Olu hlobo loshishino luyingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, ngaphandle kwabaququzeleli, kodwa kuyalinga kakhulu abatshali-mali, kuba abadali bezo ziqhamo bahlala beqinisekisa ukufumana ingeniso esheshayo nephezulu. Iziqinisekiso zikhokelo eziphambili, njengoko kukho njalo iingozi kwizicwangciso zemali ezisemthethweni, ngoko awaniki iziqinisekiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo mibutho ayinayo ilayisenisi yokuthengiswa kwemali. Banikezela ukuthengiswa akuzona iimveliso zemali eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ezinye zezinto zabo zokwenza izinto: izabelo, izivumelwano zemboleko. Kwakhona isibonakaliso socwangciso lwepiramidi sisiqendu esivumelwaneni sokuba xa kwenzeka ukuwa kwefayili umnini-mali akafumani nto kwaye akanalo ilungelo lokufaka ibango. Kukho nempawu zeepramramid zemali ezihlobene nokukhuthazwa: zihlala zisebenza ngamandla, ngamanye amaxesha zivakaliswa ngentshutshiso; Ixesha elininzi kunye nabaququzeleli benzame banikela ngezenzo ze-PR. Ukufihla ukungabikho kotyalo-mali okanye imisebenzi yemveliso, abaququzeleli basebenzise isigama esithile esikhethekileyo kwintetho yabo, badala ukucinga okucacileyo nokuchaneka kwesi sikimu. Nawuphi na umzamo wokungena ngokujulile ekufundeni komsebenzi wenkampani kubonisa inkcazo malunga nemfihlo yezorhwebo. Abatyalomali bahlelwe ngoluhlobo lwentlalo yabantu abafanayo, abathathi-nxaxheba bekimu bayakhuthazwa ukuba babandakanye abadlali abatsha. Ngenxa yoko bahlala befumana ibhonasi eyongezelelweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwindlela yokongeza eyongezelelweyo kwishishini - ngendlela yesibalo sezabelo ngomzekelo.

Uhlobo lweepramramid zemali

Kukho iinzame eziliqela zokuhlaziya izakhiwo zemali zepramramidal. Ezi zicwangciso zihlaziywa kwaye zihlaziywa ngokutsha, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba kuya kubakho ukukhupha zonke iindidi ngaphakathi kwendlela eyodwa.

Ngendlela yoshishino ihlelwe ngayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-"pyriid" ihlambuluke, engenzi nto nayiphi na imisebenzi, ngaphandle kokubhaliswa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuxhaswa kwemali, kwaye "yaxhamla" kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini: imali, iiklabhu, amanethiwekhi. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iinkampani ezinje ngenjongo ecacisiweyo yokuxhaswa ngemali: ezinye zibonelela ngenzuzo kwaye zibandakanya abantu abaneenzuzo ezithembisiwe, abanye basebenze phantsi kweeprojekthi zokutyalomali, iiklabhu zoncedo. Ezinye ziguqulwe njengeenkampani ezithengisa iimpahla okanye iinkonzo (ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala kuyo i-Market Forex). Kukho iipiramidi ezilinganisa iinkampani zentlalo okanye iziseko ezingenanto.

Namhlanje, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nemibutho emele ngokwabo njengabambiseneli abasebenzisa imali okanye ezinye iinkqubo kwiimpahla zokubambisa imali kunye neentengo zemboleko. Namhlanje phantse yonke imihla kukho ipiramidi entsha, kwaye ngokuphindaphinda kwabo i-Intanethi inikeza amathuba amakhulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlule ezi zicwangciso kwi-design ye-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iipiramidi ngabahlali abanobungozi ngamabango: kukho iinkampani ezenziwe ekuqaleni ngeenjongo zobuqhetseba, kwaye kukho iiprojekthi ezinkulu zotyalo-mali ezazicingwa njengezoshishino zinyani, kodwa ngenxa yeziphene kunye neziphene zajika zaba yimipiramidi. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuholele ekuveleni kwemali "yamabhodlela" - ukukhupha okungekho ngokungenangqiqo kotyalo-mali kwiprojekti, leyo ingakhokelela ukulahlekelwa kolawulo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwenkampani.

Icandelo elikhethekileyo yinkqubo esemthethweni yepiramidi, exhaswa likarhulumente, umzekelo, yile ndlela imali yemali yomhlalaphantsi ihlelwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Abaxhamli bamhlala-phantsi banokufumana izibonelelo kwiinkxaso zabemi abakhubazekile kwikamva. Nangona kunjalo ukuba iinkokheli zamazwe zithetha ngeengxowa-mali ezahlukeneyo zemali yempesheni, kodwa kaninzi azikho nanye, kuba umthwalo wemali yomhlalaphantsi kumazwe athuthukile uphakama phezulu: ukulindela ubomi kukhula, inani labasebenzi abanamandla liyancipha, ngoko akukho nto inokutshala imali kwimali yomhlalaphantsi, kwaye kukho Izingozi zokuwa kwezi zicwangciso.

Ukupapashwa nokukhuthazwa

Izimpawu ezibalulekileyo zeepramramid zemali - lo msebenzi othe ngqo wokuthengisa. Ezi feme zifuna ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiifomethi, ukwenzela ukuba abantu bangenaso ixesha lokuqala ukufuna igalelo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukuba imali eninzi yenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ezi njongo zisebenza njengentengiso enkulu yeepramramid zemali, eneenkcukacha zayo. Iimkhankaso zokupapasha ezinjalo zibhenela iimvakalelo zomntu; Bazama ukugxotha inxalenye yakhe engqiqo kwaye bamemezele isenzo, ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ukuhanjiswa kwezothutho kudlalwa kwakhiwe ngokukhawuleza kumntu, ngokukhawuleza kuthandwa iinkwenkwezi kunye nobuntu obugunyazayo. Kulula kakhulu ukufunda iinkokeli zangempela zepiramidi. Yonke imilayezo yakhiwe kwishukumisi esingapheliyo somthengi: uxelelwa ukuba unokuyenza njani ngaphandle kokukwenza nantoni na, kwaye ufumane inkcazelo engacacanga. Injongo yokukhangisa kukunyathela kwisenzo esingekho ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isebenza njengokukhubaza indlela yokucinga engundoqo . Ngenxa yokugqithisa, ukubonakaliswa kobugwenxa bokuphumelela okufutshane kunye nokulula kunye nebali ukuba abaninzi baye bafezekisa impumelelo, kwaye unokuba ungafiki ngexesha, kukho imfuneko engaphezulu.

Ingqwalasela eninzi kwimibutho iyahlawulwa kwizenzo ze-PR: zihlala zineentetho ezimnandi kakhulu, iimpapasho ezakhawulezayo kumajelo. Unxibelelwano luvame ukwakhiwa malunga nolunye uhlobo lwe-brand-character, olubizwa ukuba lukhuthaze ukuthembela.

Amava ehlabathini

Imipiramidi yethu yemali yee-1990, eqinisweni, yayingekho into entsha. Uqoqosho lwamazwe lonke luye lwangqineka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuwa okukhulu kweenkampani kunye nokuchithwa kwabemi. Eyokuqala kwimbali yomdali wepiramidi yezemali nguCharles Ponzi, namhlanje igama lakhe libe negama lomhlaba kwaye lukwabizwa kwezi zicwangciso. Ngomnyaka we-1919, wenyuka ngesicwangciso sokutshintshiselana kwamashishini angamazwe ngamazwe, okwakuthiwa athathe inzuzo enkulu. Wakwazi ukufumana abatyala-mali abathathi-ncinane, aba-Ponzi bathembisa i-45% yenzuzo kwiinyanga ezintathu nje. Akayi kuqhuba nayiphi na inguqu yamakhuphoni, ngokukodwa ekubeni ayengenakutshintshi ngemali, kodwa kuphela izitampu zokuposa. Kodwa isikimu sele sisebenze, abatyali-mali babengazange bakhathazeke ukungena kwi-essence yesibonelelo kwaye baqala ukuzisa imali. U-Ponzi waqala ukuhlawula iipasitili zokuqala-kwaye oku kwavelisa umdla, imali yaphuma emlanjeni. Ukushicilelwa kwiphephandaba apho intatheli ibona ukuba iikhuphoni ezathengwa ngemali ebekelwe imali kufuneka zibe zihlandlo eziliqela kunokuba zenzeke ngokwenyama zikhutshwe ipiramidi. Abatyalomali baphuthuma ngemali, inkampani yayeka ukusebenza. Kwi-akhawunti ye-Ponzi, imali yafunyanwa eyabelwe phakathi kwabaxhoba. Baye bakwazi ukubuyela malunga no-40% lwazo utyalo-mali, kwaye oku kwakungesiyo imeko ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kweemeko kwimbali.

Emva koko, ihlabathi lezemali lazi ezininzi iipramramidal scheme. Eyona edume kakhulu yilezi zicwangciso zikaLou Perlman, ibhanki yehlabathi yaseStanford, iinkampani zeL & G kunye neYingkou Donghua Trading, iifama zentambo ye- W. Feng kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Enye yepiramidi-eside-fover-created long in the US B. Madoff. Inkampani yakhe ithathwa njengeprojekthi ephumelelayo yotyalo-mali, yazisa imali eyaziwayo kakhulu kunye neebhanki ezininzi zehlabathi. Iminyaka engama-20, uMadoff wakwazi ukulinganisa, ukukhupha umdla ngenxa yokutsalwa kwetyalo-mali. Yonke into yaphela ngokungalindelekanga, emva kokuba oonyana beemali bachaze ngokubaluleka kweshishini likatata. Kwintetho yangasese, wabatshela ngemfihlo yempumelelo yakhe, baza bamxelela ngamapolisa. UMadoff wayephandwe ixesha elide, kwaye eneminyaka engama-71 wagwetywa iminyaka eyi-150 entolongweni.

Imbali yaseRashiya yamapiramidi

Umsunguli wokwakha i-pyramidal eRashiya nguMavrodi Sergey Panteleevich. KwiRashiya yaseRashiya kwakukho iipramramid zemali ezingabalulekanga ngendlela yokubala kunye kunye neeprojekthi zentlalo-mali, nangona bebengakhange bafikelele kumlinganiselo omkhulu. E-USSR, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba utyalo-mali lwabiwo-mali, kwaye ngoko akukho nto ingabikho mbuzo. Iipramramid zemali zaseRashiya zaqhakaza ngexesha le-perestroika. Abantu banxanelwe ukufumana imali, kwaye umlambo wabatyeki bazange bahluleke ukuyisebenzisa.

Iipiramidi ezidumileyo kunye ezinkulu, ngaphandle kwe-MMM, zaziyiinkampani "Khoper-Invest", "iVlastilina", "i-Chara-bank", ibhanki "indlu yaseRussia yaseSelenga", "iTibet". Iingamashumi ezigidi zabantu abemi baye baphathwa ngemisebenzi yabo. Babeneenkulungwane ezigidigidi zeeruble, ezingazange zibuyele nayiphi na imali. Amava e-1990 kunye nokuwa okukhulu kweepramamidi, iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nokukhangela abenzi bobubi emhlabeni wonke ixesha elithile kunciphise ukukhula kwezi zicwangciso. Kodwa ukususela ngo-2010 ukujika kwimbali yeepramamidi, ezibuyisa kwi-intanethi kunye nokuveliswa kwabashishini.

MMM

Ngo-1992, uMavrodi Sergey Panteleevich kunye nomntakwabo nomfazi wakhe bamisa iinkampani. I-MMM, eyathengisa izabelo zayo kunye namathikithi, ingeniso eqinisekisiwe ukuya kwi-200% ngenyanga. Inkampani ngokwayo isetya ixabiso lezabelo, abazange baqalise naluphi na ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Abanini-zimali abazange bamkele naziphi na iimaphepha zemali eziqinisekisa ukuthenga. Umnini-sabelo angathengisa izabelo zeenkampani kwaye enze inzuzo. Ingundoqo yepramramid zemali kukukhangwa kwabapostile, kwaye iMMM isebenzise ngempumelelo le ndlela. Abemi ngeli xesha babenobungozi bemali abangafundile kwaye bayathemba kakhulu, kwaye yiloo nto uMavrodi adlala ngayo. Kwaphela iminyaka emibini inkampani yanda kwaye iphumelela, abanye abatyalo-mali bakwazi ukufumana ingeniso kwaye ngaloo ndlela babe negalelo ekuthandeni kwenkampani. I-MMM yayidalwe malunga nokukhangisa: i-mini-series malunga neLenya Golubkov kunye nosapho lwakhe yaba yikhenkethi ekhuthaza abantu abantu abaqhelekileyo, kwaye ibinzana elithi: "Andiyena umkhululi, ndingumlingane" ndaya kubantu. Ngama-1994, i-MMM yabonakala ikhononda malunga nokungabikho kwentlawulo yentlawulo, kodwa uMavrodi waphika le ntlawulo. Konke oku kuphazamisayo phakathi kwabagciniweyo, isibheno somhlaba sabanini-mali sabanini-mali. Ngo-1997, i-MMM yavakaliswa ibhoksi, kwaye umdali wepiramidi wayityholwa ngobuqhetseba. Ingqikithi, abantu abayizigidi ezili-15 bachaphazeleka yi-MMM, kodwa kuphela abayi-10 000 ababizwa ngokusemthethweni njengexhoba. Umonakalo uqikelelwa kwi-ruble ezigidi eziyi-3.

Izinto ezintsha

Ukufika kwe-intanethi kuye kwabangela ujikelezo olutsha lophuhliso lwe-pyramidal uhlobo lweshishini. Isizathu sokuba iipramramid zemali kwi-Intanethi ziye zaziwa kakhulu kuba nethuba lokuba abadali bahlale bengaziwa. I-Web inezixhobo ezininzi zokutshintshela imali, ezingakhange zihlolwe kakuhle ngamaziko olawulo. Yilokho i-scammers esebenzayo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwezicwangciso zezimali kwi-intanethi yi-HYIPs. Ezi nkqubo zotyalo-mali ezijongene nemingcipheko ephakamileyo ngoku zinikezwa kwi-Intanethi ukutshala imali kwiiprogram ezinenzuzo. Kodwa ngokwenene, inzuzo ivela ekutsaleni abadlali abatsha. Abaququzeli beepramamidi kwi-Intanethi bathi akukho mngcipheko kwizicwangciso zabo, kuba inani labathathi-nxaxheba liphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa le ngxabano ayisebenzi, kuba nayiphi na ikhokelo yengcaciso inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuwa kwepiramidi. Kwakhona kwintanethi namhlanje unokuhlangana kunye nemifanekiso yemveli yeepramamidi, zibizwa ngokuba zizikhwama (ukusuka kwilizwi elithi nkohliso). Le piramidi yotyalo-mali yenzelwe ukunyaniseka kwabantu abangakhangeli nantoni na ukutshintsha imali. Kukho imodeli ezithintekayo njengemidlalo, enika ukuthengiswa kweminye impawu yomdlalo. Ukuqhawula usuku ngalunye uqalise zonke iiprojekthi ezitsha kwinethiwekhi kwaye phantse uhlale engahlawulwanga.

Iipramramid zemali ezidumileyo kwi-Intanethi

Iipramramid ezidumileyo kwi-Intanethi namhlanje zidlala "Iimali ezi-Seven", i-NewPro ne-MoneyTrain, i-stock exchange exchange "I-Stock Generation", ehlelwe ngu-S. Mavrodi, i-Pritty Money kunye ne-Predty Reserve, kunye neyezinye.

I-intanethi yoshishino kunye neepramamidi

Abemi abanoyiko abafuni nje ukutshala imali, ngoko iipiramidi zaqala ukuzonyusa ibhendi, kwaye, nangona kungabonakali kakuhle, iphinda ifumaneke kwinani labantu abakulungele ukutyalomali kuyo. Kukho ukufana okuninzi phakathi kweepramamidi kunye neenethwekhi, kodwa kukho ukungafani. Ukuze ukwazi ukwahlula iskimu sobuqhetseba kwishishini langempela, kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuba yintoni umehluko phakathi kwabo. I-MLM-ishishini lihlala lithengisa imveliso yangempela. Unokuba nempawu ezahlukeneyo, kodwa uhlala efumana umthengi. Ayifuni imali enkulu yokungena. Unokunikezela ukuthenga iphakheji yokuqala yeemveliso - ngoko ixabiso layo kufuneka libe lifanelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo likhethwa kubaqalayo. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ithetha idilesi yangempela, ngaphandle kweengxaki ezibonisa amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ngokuqhelekileyo akafihli abantu bayo bokuqala. Imali engenayo kwishishini le-MLM ixhomekeke kwimigudu kunye nomsebenzi womthengisi kwiintengiso, kwaye kungekhona kuphela kwinani labantu abandakanyekayo.

Ukuqapha

Ukuze ufumane ukuxhamla kwi-scammers, kulungile ukukhumbula izicwangciso ezilula. Omnye akufanele angene kwizithembiso zengeniso eqinisekisiweyo, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje lezemali ayikho inqinisekiso. Xa ujoyina inkqubo yokubambisana, kufuneka uqikelele inani lemali echithwayo "phezulu". Kwiinkampani zorhwebo, akudluli kwi-5%, kodwa ukuba uthembisa ukuthabatha i-10% okanye ngaphezulu, oku kufuneka kuqaphele. Naluphi na othabatha imali, kufuneka uhlolisise iincwadi ezikhoyo, idilesi kunye noqhagamshelwano lwenkampani. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuphononongwa kwi-intanethi kunganconywa kwaye kulawulwe ngabanikazi bepiramidi, ngoko musa ukuzithemba ngephutha.

Xanduva

Xa umntu ebuza umbuzo: indlela ukudala scheme yephiramidi? Ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba acebise kulandelayo: bacinge malunga uxanduva ngezenzo zabo, yaye kuphela badlule amanyathelo.

Kuzo zonke amazwe elimiweyo ubuchule nempumelelo ekulweni ubuqhophololo zemali. ERashiya, ubonelela ngokuba nobutyala ngenxa iphiramidi zemali. Izilungiso umthetho kuza indlela ende, yaye kuphela ngo-2016 ekugqibeleni zasayinwa nguMongameli Russian Federation. Isohlwayo ephambili ukuba bemeko- olu hlobo lweshishini - yinto entle. Xa umtsalane ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.5 engange, isohlwayo uya kuba 1 yezigidi. Ukuba iphiramidi inkulu 6 million, kwaye kwakhona uya kuba ngaphezulu - 1.5 million engange, kwakunye ngebhaxa, kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ubunzima lokuzisa nabakhohlisi ubulungisa amanga neqiniso ukuba umthetho iiphiramidi zemali ubiza, kuphela ezi zilandelayo iintlobo 5 iiphiramidi:

1. Abo bangazange ukuyifihla ubuntu bakhe (njengoko kwakunjalo MMM).

2. Iinkampani ezimele njenge ndlela esivakalayo zokubambisa yaye ukuboleka yabathengi.

3. mveliso eyenza amayelenqe ukuze iivenkile nenkomo, kunye ababolekisi microfinance.

4. Iinkampani phantsi ngesebe i-inshorensi, mboleko, zokuhlala kwetyala kubaboleki ezahlukeneyo iminikelo ezinkulu engenayo.

5. Le mibutho leyo azivelelayo abadlali kwiimalike zemali, ingakumbi i-Forex nxaxheba zemali. Kwaye oku luhlu akuthethi ifikelele ezahlukeneyo kwiinkampani asebenza kwi-siseko iiphiramidi.