Yintoni lokubanga kukuchaphazela njani na uqoqosho?

Uqoqosho kukho inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela uphuhliso kunye khosi. Enye yazo lokubanga. Le meko baneempawu kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle, kwaye kufuneka ukuba ubekwe iliso nokutshintswa ukuze ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngoko ke yintoni na lokubanga, yintoni na ubume bayo, bungakanani na impembelelo?

le nkcazelo

Ukuze siqonde lo mbuzo, "yintoni le lokubanga" kukuba kuqondakale ukuba imarike kukhuphiswano ofezekileyo luphawulwa ukufana iimpahla ezifundiswayo, kukho inani elikhulu abavelisi, inkululeko urhwebo kunye nolwazi. Le meko isondlo efanelekileyo, kwaye sithathwa njengomzekelo, kodwa ke kucacile ayihlangabezani. nako olupheleleyo kukusekwa bodwa. E. Imarike (okanye ezinye ulwalathiso wayo), lithatha enye okanye kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa ukuseka umgaqo amaxabiso ukulawula imveliso njalo njalo. D. Le yinkqubo lokubanga. Oku kuquka, njengoko umthetho, omnye candelo kuqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe post-eSoviet, phantse zonke kukho bodwa kwicandelo lezindlu. Le lokubanga ye shishini kule meko luphawulwa into yokuba ubonelelo ngeenkonzo ukuba abemi kunye namashishini umbane inikezela inkampani kuphela mnye, igesi - amanzi yesibini - .. I wesithathu, kwaye ngokunjalo abathengi kufuneka kungabikho ithuba lokukhetha nomthengisi, akukho lukhuphiswano ixabiso njalo njalo ..

izinto ezimbi

Iingxaki lokubanga yemarike ngqo kule nkcazelo kombono ngokwayo. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• Inqanaba eliphantsi okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kukhuphiswano livalela inkqubo yophuhliso, ngokunciphisa kakhulu imfuneko kukuphuculwa yotshintsho kwemveliso.
• Monopolist ungabeka ixabiso zazo impahla, kungakhathaliseki ikhono le nkonzo, ephula ixabiso kuvuselele le.
• Le nobunzima yokungena kwimarike leenkampani ezintsha iimveliso efanayo.

izinto ezintle

Yintoni na le lokubanga ngokwemiqathango yempembelelo kuqoqosho? Asikwazi ukuba le nkqubo ibe nefuthe elibi kakhulu, t. To. Kukho iimpikiswano ezininzi egameni layo. Umzekelo:

• A kumenzi ezinkulu (okanye umbutho ezininzi), ibanzi ngokwaneleyo zemali kunye nobugcisa namandla ukuqhuba uphando, uphuhliso kunye kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
• Monopolistic iinkampani ngenxa isikali yayo ukumelana ngakumbi kwicandelo ukuhla conjunctural okanye market lonke, ziingxaki zemali kunye nezoqoqosho, njalo-njalo. N.

imiphumela

Ukuba kukho lokubanga ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhubeka ilahleko umnatha yoluntu. Oku kuchazwe into yokuba abenzi nga phantse angakwazi ukukhulisa amaxabiso kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo, kungakhathaliseki utshintsho kwiindleko, umboleki kunyanzeleka ukuba bathenge nawo kwemiqathango ethile. Ekubeni iingeniso umthengi musa ukwandisa, ngoko ke umthamo imveliso ezithengiweyo sinciphile kwaye ngoko, sehlise izinga komsebenzi ngapha koshishino. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba monopolist ifumana inzuzo axhome, uluntu xa lulonke ulahlekelwa yi kule nkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo ezivela kwiinkalo ezimbi ezidweliswe ngasentla.

Njani na bona?

Yintoni lokubanga ukusuka kwindawo ezenziwayo? Kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo nexabiso leyo emiselwe umgangatho wokhuphiswano yahluke kakhulu. Le mbono yokuba xa kwisithathu kwicandelo ahlala kwimveliso umvelisi mnye, isiqingatha - iinkampani ezintathu (abenzi okanye ababoneleli-nkonzo), yaye abahlanu kubo kukugubungela ngaphezu kwama-60%, kukho kwinqanaba elisezantsi yokhuphiswano. Babek 'market uyaqonda, ukuba inani elipheleleyo leenkampani - nangekho ngaphezulu kweshumi. Ukubala index zidla kusetyenziswa Harfindela - Hirschman Index, ngokusekelwe kwizibonakalisi yenani lilonke iifem kunye nesabelo kwabo koshishino ngokwemiqathango ipesenti. Umsebenzi yokumisela inqanaba lokubanga kunye neqondo khuphiswano kudla iwela kurhulumente, njengoko le nkqubo kuchaphazela ngokubonakalayo uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso loshishino olunye nje kuphela, kodwa lonke eli lizwe liphela, yaye ngenxa yoko i kwinqanaba yabemi.

kungenelelo lukarhulumente

Ubukho kunye nenqanaba lokubanga kuqoqosho lilawulwa kwinqanaba mthetho. amanyathelo Economic isicelo ukugcina ukhuphiswano, ukunqanda ukubekwa kunye nempembelelo yako emibi, ziquka:

• Support, inkxaso-mali okanye ngokubonelela iinzuzo kubavelisi imveliso ababambeleyo, impahla enqabileyo njalo njalo. N.
• Ukutsala utyalo mali kumashishini ukuyiguqula, kuquka amazwe, kwakunye noncedo xa bengena imarike
• Ukuqaliswa mali lwemisebenzi yophando ukwenzela uphuhliso shishino kunye ukhuphiswano ngaphantsi.

amanyathelo karhulumente Administrative ziquka:

• Control indalo, yokudityaniswa, ukuzuza njalo njalo. N. Of iinkampani mveliso.
• Ukutyhala demonopolisation (yokuzahlula, atsho).
• Izohlwayo, uxanduva lolawulo solwaphulo ezanyiweyo kushishino lokubanga.

Inkqubo kakhulu entsonkothileyo nophambili yokulwa yi ukwazisana eUnited States. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iRashiya iye kwakhona ukuba baqonde nesigqibo yokumpompoza lokubanga kweemarike, kuquka uMthetho kwi ukhuphiswano kunye nokusekwa ikomiti ekhethekileyo ukusebenza kweli cala.