Kuvaliwe kwaye kuvule inkqubo yokunikezela kweeshushu: iimpawu, ukungonakali kunye neenzuzo

Ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi, inkqubo yokubonelela ngokushisa evulekile nevulekile isetyenziswa. Ikhefu lokugqibela libonelela ngomsebenzisi onotshisayo. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ukuzaliswa rhoqo kwenkqubo.

Iprogram evaliweyo isebenzisa amanzi kuphela njengendlela epholile. Ihlala ijikeleza kwindawo yokuvala, apho ilahleko ziphantsi.

Nayiphi na inkqubo inamalungu amathathu:

• Umthombo womlilo: ibilisi, i-CHP, njl.;
• Unxibelelwano olushushu, apho iphoyisa lihanjiswa khona;
• Ukushisa abathengi: ii-heater air, radiators.

Iimpawu zenkqubo evulekile

Inzuzo yenkqubo evulekileyo yoqoqosho lwayo. Ngenxa yobude bamapayipi, umgangatho wamanzi uhlahloka: kuba luhlaza, ufumana umbala, unephunga elimnandi. Imizamo yokuyihlambulula yenza indlela yesicelo ibiza.

Ukutshaya iipayipi kubonakala kwiidolophu ezinkulu. Ziba nobubanzi obukhulu kwaye zifakwe kwishuseli sobushushu. Ukusuka kubo, ukugoba kwenziwa kwizindlu ngabanye ngokusebenzisa indawo eshushu. Amanzi afudumele ayeza ukusetyenziswa kunye nama-radiators okufudumeza kumthombo oqhelekileyo. Ubushushu balo buhluka phakathi kwe-50-75 ° C.

Ukunikezelwa kobushushu kwi-intanethi kuxhunyiwe yindlela exhomekeke kuyo kunye neyazimeleyo, ezenza inkqubo yokubonelela ngokushisa. Iyokuqala ukubonelela ngamanzi ngokuthe ngqo-ngokusebenzisa iipompo kunye neeyunithi zokuphakanyiswa, apho kuziswa kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo ngokuxuba ngamanzi abandayo. Indlela ezimeleyo kukubonelela ngamanzi atshisayo ngokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Kubiza kakhulu, kodwa umgangatho wamanzi womthengi uphakeme.

Iimpawu zenkqubo evaliweyo

Isisiseko se-thermal senziwe ngoluhlobo lwe-loop evuliwe. Amanzi kuwo ayafudumala ngokufuduka kobushushu ukusuka kumgca we-CHP. Apha, iimpompo ezongezelelweyo ziyadingeka. Urhulumente weqondo lokushisa uzinzile, kwaye amanzi angcono. Ihlala kwindlela kwaye ayisuswanga ngumthengi. Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaninzi kubuyiselwa ngokutya okuzenzekelayo.

Inkqubo yokuzimela evaliweyo ithola amandla avela kwi-coolant engena kwiindawo zokushisa. Apho amanzi aziswa kwiiparitha eziyimfuneko. Ukufudumala iinkqubo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ashushu, ii- regimes ezahlukeneyo zigcinwa .

Ukungonakali kwenkqubo kukuxakeka kwenkqubo yokunyanga kwamanzi. Kwakhona, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ukufudumala kwamaphuzu kude kunomnye kubiza.

Iibhobho zokunxibelelana kwentambo

Okwangoku, amanethiwekhi okufudumala ekhaya aphantsi kwimeko engxamisekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokugqithisa okukhulu kunye nokuqhawulwa kwezonxibelelwano, kuncinci ukubuyisela iipayipi zokupasa ngokutsha kunye nezinto ezintsha, kunokuzibandakanya ukulungiswa ngokusisigxina.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuhlaziya zonke iinkonzo zokuxhumana ezindala kweli lizwe akunakwenzeka. Ngexesha lokwakha okanye ukulungiswa okukhulu kwezindlu, iipayipi ezintsha zifakwe kwi- polyurethane insulating insulation (PPU), amaxesha amaninzi ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Iibhobho zokupasa eziphambili zenziwa ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo, ukuthulula isikhala phakathi kwepayipi yensimbi kunye negobolondo ngaphakathi.

Ubushushu bamanzi obushushu bufikelela kuma-140 ° C.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane foam njengoko ukushisa ukushisa kukuvumela ukufudumala kusindiswe kangcono kunezinto zokukhusela zendalo.

Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kwizakhiwo zezindlu

Ngokungafani ne-cottage yasehlobo okanye i-cottage, ukunikezelwa kobushushu kwesakhiwo sezindlu kubandakanya isicwangciso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhambisa iipayipi kunye ne-heaters. Ukongezelela, inkqubo iquka ukulawula nokukhuseleko.

Kwiindawo zokuhlala, kukho imigangatho yokufudumala, ebonisa amanani okushisa aphezulu kunye neziphene ezivumelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kwenkathi, imozulu kunye nexesha lemihla. Ukuba uqhathanisa inkqubo yokubonelela ngokushisa nokuvulwa komlilo, owokuqala ulungele ukugcina iimpawu eziyimfuneko.

Ukunikezelwa kobushushu boomasipala kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kweerameters eziphambili ngokuhambelana neGOST 30494-96.

Ilahleko enkulu yokulahleka kweentlobo zenzeke kwiziteyithi zezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Ukunikezwa kwamanzi kusetyenziswe ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obudala. Kubaluleke ukuba iinkqubo zokufudumala kunye nokupholisa kufuneka zidibaniswe zibe yinkimbinkimbi efanayo.

Ukungalungi kokufudumala kweendawo ezakhiweyo zakhiwo kubangela isidingo sokwenza iinkqubo ngamnye. Kunzima ukwenza oku ngenxa yeengxaki kumgangatho wezomthetho.

Ukunikezelwa kokushisa okuzenzekelayo kwindlu yokuhlala

Kwizakhiwo zoluhlobo oludala, le projekthi inikezela inkqubo ephakathi. Izicwangciso zomntu ngamnye zivumela ukukhetha iintlobo zeenkqubo zokubonelela ukushisa ngokwemigangatho yokunciphisa iindleko zamandla. Nantsi kukho ukukhutshwa kwefowuni xa kuyimfuneko.

Inkqubo yeendlela ezizimeleyo zenziwa ngokuqwalasela imilinganiselo yokufudumala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, indlu ayikwazi ukuthunyelwa. Ukulandela imigangatho kuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzelwa kwabaqeshi bendlu.

Umthombo wokufudumala kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo igesi okanye umbane wombane. Kubalulekile ukhethe indlela yokuhlamba inkqubo. Kwindlela ephakathi, i-hydrodynamic isetyenziswa. Ukuzimela, unokusebenzisa imichiza. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko lwefuthe leempembelelo kuma-radiators kunye nemibhobho.

Umthetho wobudlelwane kwintsimi yokunikezelwa kobushushu

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkampani zamandla kunye nabathengi bulawulwa nguMthetho we-Federal Law on Heat No. 190, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-2010.

1. Isahluko 1 sichaza iingcamango eziphambili kunye nemimiselo eqhelekileyo enokumisela ububanzi bezomthetho ubudlelwane boqoqosho ekunikezeni ukushisa. Kwakhona kubandakanya ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu. Imigaqo-jikelele yombutho wokunikezwa kweentsha, ukubandakanya ekudalweni kweenkqubo ezinokwethenjelwa, ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphuhliswayo, ziyavunywa, ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala kwiimeko ezinzulu zaseRashiya.
2. Izahluko 2 no-3 zibonisa indawo ebanzi yolawulo lwamagunya asekuhlaleni alawula intengo kwicandelo lokubonelela ngokushisa, avumele imigaqo yentlangano yayo, ukurekhoda ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okushisa kunye nemimiselo yelahleko ngexesha lokudluliselwa. Ukugqitywa kwamandla kule miba kwenza kube lula ukulawula imibutho yokunikezela kokushisa, okuyiyo yongoma.
3. Isahluko 4 sibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi komthengisi wamandla ashushu kunye nomthengi ngesiseko sekhontrakthi. Zonke iinkalo zomthetho zoxhumo kumanethiwekhi atshisa ziqwalaselwa.
4. Isahluko 5 sibonisa imithetho yokulungiselela ixesha lokutshisa nokulungiswa kwamanethiwekhi okufudumala kunye nemithombo. Ichaza into enokuyenza ngokungekho iintlawulo phantsi kwekhontrakthi kunye nokuqhagamshelana okungagunyaziswanga ukuthungela amanethiwekhi.
5. Isahluko 6 sichaza iimeko zokuguqulwa kombutho kwiimeko ezizimeleyo kwisango lokunikezwa kobushushu, umbutho wokudluliselwa kwamalungelo ukuba ube ngowakho kwaye usebenzise indawo yokubonelela ngokushisa.

Abasebenzisi bamandla obushushu kufuneka baqonde imigqaliselo yoMthetho we-Federal on the heat of supply ukwenzela ukuba baqinisekise amalungelo abo omthetho.

Ukwenza iskimu sokubonelela ngeshushu

Iskimu sokubonelela ukushisa ngumbhalo weprojekthi ngaphambili, obonisa ubudlelwane bezomthetho, iimeko zokusebenza nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokunikezela ushushu kwizithili zasezidolophini nakwiindawo zokuhlala. Ngokubhekiselele kuwo, umthetho wesigqeba uquka iinkqubo ezithile.

1. Izicwangciso zokubonelela ngokufudumalayo zendawo zokuhlala zivunyiwe ngabaphathi abasemagunyeni okanye urhulumente wengingqi, kuxhomekeke kubemi.
2. Ukuze intsimi ehambelana nayo kufuneka ibe nenhlangano yokubonelela ngokushisa.
3. Iskimu sibonisa imithombo yamandla kunye neerameter parameters (umthwalo, iishedyuli zomsebenzi, njl.) Kunye nohlu lwezenzo.
4. Amanyathelo acaciselwe ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokubonelela ubushushu, ukugcina umthamo ongaphezulu, ukudala izimo zokusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo.

Izinto zokuthengiswa kobushushu zifumaneka kwimida yohlawulelo ngokwecandelo elivunyiweyo.

Injongo yesicelo socwangciso lwesibonelelo sokushisa

• Inkcazo yenkxaso enye yokushisa;
• Ukunqunywa kwimeko yokuxhunywa kumanethiwekhi athungelwano lweeprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha;
• Ukufakwa kwamanyathelo okuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokubonelela ngoshushu kwiprogram yotyalo lotyalo-mali .

Isiphelo

Ukuba sithelekisa iinkqubo zokubonelela ngokushisa nokuvulekileyo, ngoku uqala ukuthembisa. Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi amanzi kuvumela ukwandisa umgangatho wamanzi anikezelwe kumgangatho wamanzi okusela.

Nangona ukuba ubuchwepheshe obutsha bunokulondolozwa kobutyebi kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola emoyeni, bafuna utyalo-mali obalulekileyo. Ngelo xesha, akukho zengcali ezifanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yokungabikho koqeqesho lwabasebenzi abakhethekileyo kunye nomvuzo ophantsi.

Izindlela zokuphunyezwa zibangelwa ukuhlawula imali kunye nezohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukhuphiswano lweeprojekthi zophuhliso kunye nezinye iziganeko.