Umshini omkhulu wokhuselo lomqhubi wendiza - iinkcukacha kunye neefoto

Umatshini wokulwa neenqwelo-moya izixhobo ezihlaselayo, i-angle ephakamileyo kakhulu, eyenza ukwazi ukulwa neenqwelo zezixhobo. Izixhobo zanamhla zokufakelwa kwezixhobo zeRussian Federation zixhobo ezithembekileyo, ngesiseko apho kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba imfazwe esebenzayo ixesha elide. Cinga ngamanqaku athile athandwayo kumatshini olwaphulo-moya.

Umpu weDSChK

Umshini womshini weDegtyarev-Shpagin (DShK) wawusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka yemfazwe xa kwakudingeka ukutshitshisa iithagethi ezikhawulezileyo, izibhamu zombane, izixhobo zokulwa nezixhobo. Ukongeza, umshini we-DShK olwaphulo-moya ubonakalise ukubaluleka kwakhe njengomqhubi osebenzayo kunye neenqwelo ezindizayo ezindizayo. Njengoko umyili ngokwakhe ngokwakhe wathi, le ndlela yenziwa njengabantwana bokuzalwa, kodwa ngenxa yokufumana amanqaku aphezulu, kugqitywe ekubeni ibuye iphinde ibe yindawo ethile. Ngenxa yoko, i-gun yomthamo onokuthenjelwa ye-caliber enkulu yafunyanwa, apho imigangatho jikelele yokwakha yayilondolozwe.

Iinkalo zobugcisa zeDShK

Emva kokukhululwa kwe-DShK, yayisoloko iphuculwe, okokuqala kuqala isantya somlilo senyuka, kwaye inkqubo ye-cartridge yokubonelela yagqitywa. Sekudlulileyo ngowe-1939 isibhamu somshini wokulwa nomkhosi we-DShK samukelwa ngenkonzo yi-Red Army. Impawu eziphambili zezobuchwepheshe zolu hlobo lwezixhobo ziquka:

1. Iinkqubo ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, umsebenzi wazo owenziwa ngenxa yamandla wegesi.
2. Igumbi legesi liphantsi kombhobho wesibhamu somshini, unomlawuli, ngokubonga ukuba umsebenzi weendlela ezizenzekelayo uphezulu.
3. Umbhobho ucolile ngomoya, kwaye ubude belo trunk bufumaneka kwiimbambo.
4. Uyilo olucatshangelwe kakuhle lukuvumela ukuba ubeke umbhobho ovuthayo ngqo kwindawo yokudubula.
5. Isibhamu somshini-moya we-DShK esine-channel-up-channel - ngenxa yoko, umlilo usetshenzisiweyo.
6. Ukudubula kuqhutyelwa kwi-cartridges ye-12.7 mm ye-caliber, iibunithi ziqulethwe neekridiji kunye neenqwelo zokubhoboza izixhobo, ezinokukwazi ukungena kwi-armor ye-16 mm ubukhulu, kunye ne-cartridges kunye neenqwelo ezinobumba.
7. Iimbonakalo zibandakanya isakhelo esisikiweyo kunye nesibindi, esiqhotyoshelwe kwi-rack ephezulu kumbhobho wombhobho.

Umshini wemishini ye-DShK uhlukile kwi-application yayo yonke, kuba ikhutshwe kumatshini wokuklama waseKolesnikov. Iimpawu eziphezulu zokulwa nompu wamashishini amakhulu zamvumela ukuba azisebenzise ngezandla ezahlukeneyo.

Umshini womshini "Maxim"

Umshini-mshoni waseMaxim ungomnye wamashishini athandwa kakhulu, asetyenziswa ngamaqela amaninzi emikhosi. Esi sixhobo esinamandla sikwazi ukubetha iithagethi ezivulekileyo zeqela kunye nezixhobo zomlilo zintshaba kude kumgama we-1000 m, zibonakalisa kakuhle kakuhle ngomlilo oqaqambileyo kwi-600m m. Umpu wokuqala wokuqala wama-Maxim wadalwa ngumninimzi waseMerika ngowe-1883, kunye nabaphathi baseRashiya bafezekisa, Ukwenza utshintsho olungaphezu kwama-200 kwindlela yokuyila. Oku kwachaphazela ukuphucula ukusebenza.

Isibhamu somshini-mkhulu wokhuselo lomqhubi wendiza "Maxim" yinkqubo yezixhobo ezizenzekelayo ngokubuyiswa kombhobho. Okokuthi, emva kokudubula, umbhobho uphonswa emva kwegesi ye-powder, emva koko umatshini wokuhlawula uphendukela: i-cartridge ithathwa kwinqaba lebhodi yekhadiji kwaye ithunyelwe kwisihluthulelo, emva koko i-bolt iqhutywe. Emva kokudubula, umsebenzi uphinda. Iimpawu zesi sixhobo ziquka:

1. Umlinganiselo ophezulu womlilo - ii-600 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu ngeli-250-300 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu.
2. Indlela yokuqalisa ivumela umlilo ozenzekelayo, uxhotywe ngefsethi, ekhusela ngokukhawuleza.
3. Iimpawu zibubububuko kunye nombono, kunye nokubona okubonakalayo kwimizekelo ethile.
4. Umshini wokufakela umshini ufakwa kwivili elinobuvili eliqulunqwe nguSokolov: kumbulela kuye, ukudubula okuzinzileyo kunikwe iithagethi zomhlaba, kwaye ukuhamba kwevili kukuvumela ukuhambisa umpu wamashishini ngokukhawuleza.

Umshini womshini "Maxim" usebenza njani?

I-Maxim i-antiaircraft yomshinja imatshini ibonakaliswe ngokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo: yayisetyenziswa kakhulu xa ihamba nesantya kwiindawo zonke, kuba isalathisi sichithise kalula umlilo wesitha kunye nokucima indlela yokuqhuma. Kwimisebenzi ekhohlakeleyo, umshini womshishini ulwa ngokusesikweni kunye nosana, kwaye uqhuba nokuhlaselwa kwamacandelo athathaka kwiindawo ezibonakalayo ezinobungozi okanye izixhobo zokubona. Ngethuba lokuhlambalaza, umpu wamashishini uya phambili, emva koko uhlala kwiindawo ezithile. Ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zemfazwe.

UPollemet Vladimirova (CPV)

Umqhubi womshini wokukhusela i-Vadimirova ulungelelanisa iitanks. Njengeenqwelo zee-cartridges, isalathisi se-14.5 mm isetyenziswa, kwaye isikhali sinakho ukufumana izixhobo zokungena kwi-32 mm. Lo mzekelo, ngokungafani nezinye iifanekiso, usebenza ngesiseko sokufumanisa amandla kwi-stroke emfutshane. Iimpawu zale nqununu ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. I-bolt ivalwe ngokuguqula i-larva yemfazwe kunye ne-copy type accelerator.
2. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokukhusela luvumela umlilo kuphela.
3. Ukudubula kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwexesha elide okanye elifutshane.
4. Inani lomlilo - malunga ne-80 imijikelezo ngomzuzu. Kule meko, emva kwe-150 isibalo ekuqhubeni komlilo ode, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha indawo yombhobho womshini womshini.
5. I-fuse system iphelisa ukukhwabanisa kwamathuba angozi.

Le mishini yemipu, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngamagumbi e-infantry, ifakwe kumatshini wevili kwaye ibe nobukhulu obukhulu.

Ukufakwa kompu wamashishini amane "M-4"

Umpu we-quad-machine "M-4" unokunyuka kuyo nayiphina imoto - ukusuka emotweni nakwinqanaba lomzila kwiinqanawa kunye neenqanawa. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukuyibeka phantsi njengomhlaba wokufakela okumiselweyo xa kuyimfuneko ukukhusela izinto ezinkulu kunye ezibalulekileyo. Lo mshini mshishini ufanelekile ukudubula kwiithagethi zomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-caliber - bekuyi-7.62 mm kuphela - iiyunithi zaxothwa kwiimbambano.

I-gun ye-anti-aircraft ye-anti-aircraft ye-ZPU-4, ngokuchaseneyo, ifumane isicelo esikhulu. Kwaye okokuqala ngenxa yokuba i-caliber ye-gun ye-aircraft yomshini we-ZPU-4 yayingu-12.7-20 mm. Ukufakela okunjalo kwenza ukuba kukwazi ukulwa neenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya kwi-1500 m ubude kunye no-2,000 m. Ukuyila kwayo, izibhamu zakwa-Vladimirov zazisetyenziselwa, ezidibene neemfuno zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa. Ukufakela kwakusoloko kugqitywa kwaye kwafakwa inkonzo kunye nemikhosi yaseRashiya ngo-1946.

Okwangoku, i-ZPU-4 yinkqubo yokufaka umpu-mshini okhuselekileyo onamandla, okubandakanya: 4 izibhamu zomshini kunye ne-CPV eyi-14.5 mm, umatshini oneendlela ezijoliswe kuyo, iinqwelo kunye nezixhobo zokubona. Umatshini ngokwawo uqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini: ijikelezo eziphezulu kunye nesiseko phantsi kwesigxina. Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zalo mshinki ziquka:

1. Qalisa ngeevili zoluhlobo lwemoto ngamathayi.
2. Ubukho bezinto ezizodwa zokumangalisa, umsebenzi wazo ukulungiselela ukutshintshwa kofakelo ukusuka kwindawo yokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yokulwa.
3. Inani elipheleleyo lomlilo li-2200 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu.
4. Isantya sokulwa somlilo si-600 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu.
5. Iimpawu: i-cartridges ye-14.5 mm ngeenqwelo ezahlukileyo-izixhobo zokubhoboza izixhobo, i-tracer, i-firefighter-instantaneous-sighting-sighting.
6. Ijubane lebhulethi li-300 m / s.

Izixhobo zokusebenza

Umshini wokulwa neenqwelo-moya izixhobo ze-ZPU-4 ixesha elide liye laphumelela iimvavanyo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi wabo yinkqubo engeyiyo yexeshana yokupakisha imirhubhe yemipu, kunye namaxesha athile. Kwaye kwaphawulwa ukuba isixhobo sokufakela - intetho malunga nompu womatshini we-PKV-ayizange ihluke kwimpilo. Nangona kunjalo, i-ZPU-4 yayisetyenziselwa kakhulu kwizitima ezilungeleleneyo, eziye zasetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngexesha leemfazwe e-Chechnya.

NSV-12.7 "I-Cliff"

Isibhamu somshishini omkhulu kunye negama lekhowudi "Utes" sakhutshwa yiqela lonke labakhi. Kwaye ngelixa ukuphuhlisa injongo ephambili kukudala isilwanyana esingasetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-infantry, njengezithuthi ezikhuselekileyo kunye neenqanawa ezincinci kunye ne-gun anti-aircraft. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli yayigqityiwe njalo, kwaye ngowe-1972 yamukelwa. I-Utyos gun gun anti-aircraft inezinto ezilandelayo:

1. Isebenza ngokusuka kwegesi ehamba ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye i-piston ye-gas itholakala phantsi kombhobho.
2. Umbhobho uphephe ngomoya.
3. Ukudubula kungenziwa kuphela nge-bolt evulekile.
4. Umshini womshini usebenza ngesiseko senqindi yokuqhaqha kunye nefomysi yomqulu, ekhoyo kumatshini okanye kumatshini ngokwawo.
5. Umshini wokuncedisa umbane unokwakheka kwendawo yokuthambisa apho i-buffer ye-spring itholakala kuyo.
6. Umlinganiselo weekrijiji ezisetyenziswe kwesi sixhobo ngu 12.7 mm.

La majelo omshishini ixesha elide ahlolwe, aqinisekisile: isikhali sinempawu eziphambili zokulwa kunye nokusebenza. Kwaye abazange bathathwe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngenxa yalezi zixhobo, ukuziphatha kokulwa kwaqala ukusebenza.

I-Zen-2 imoto yomshishini wokulwa nomqhubi wendiza

Izixhobo ze-Zu-2 ze-zenith zifake izixhobo ezenza kube lula ukuqinisa ulondolozo lwama-regiments ahlukeneyo, ngokuyinhloko itanki kunye ne-anti-tank. Uyilo lwe-ZU-2 lwaphuhliswa ngokwemiqathango ye-ZU-1, eguqulelwe ngokucacileyo:

1. Umkhwa womatshini ophezulu ulungele ukuxhoma izibhamu zombini kunye ne-CPV ye-14.5 mm.
2. Umzekelo wawuxhaswa ngesitulo somqhubi, owakubonayo.
3. Isakhelo sokunene kwesandla sokunene sasiqhutywe, apho kukho ityala lesibini lebhodididi.
4. Ukuthuthwa kwevili ngesithuthi kwenzelwe indlela entsha: ngoku sele iyingxenye eyodwa. Ndiyabulela esi sombululo sezobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ZPU-2 kwaba lula ngakumbi, ukufakela okutsha kwakunokumelana nokudubula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
5. Ukudubula, iinqwelo zisetyenziswe 14.5 mm.

Idizayini eyenzelwe kakuhle yendlela yokukhwela imfudumfucu yokulwa nemikhosi yenza ukuba kube lula ukunikezela ngetyhula, kwaye isikhali sinokukhokelwa kwinqwelo ejikelezayo phezu kweendidi ezininzi. Ndiyabulela ukufakela izibhamu zomkhosi, ukuphumelela kokulwa kweZU-2 kwaphakama kakhulu. Ezi zakhiwo zavumela ukulwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo - zombini ekulweni neenqwelo zomoya kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweethagethi zomhlaba.

Kwinqanaba elikhulu, ukuphumelela kokulwa kweZU-2 kwandiswe ngokufakela umpu we-ZAPP-2 olwaphulo-moya ojoliswe kuyo, ophuhliswe ngabaqulunqi beCandelo loPhuhliso. Lo mbono uyinkqubo yokubala kunye nokuxazulula izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngombane osebenzayo. Ukongezelela, abaqulunqi baqwalasela iskimu esicatshangelwe kakuhle malunga nokusebenza kwesi sixhobo.

ZGU-1

I-Russia ye-anti-aircraft gun gun ikhethiweyo olukhulu lwezixhobo ezinamandla, ezizimeleyo ezininzi ziye zavumela ukuphumeza iziphumo ezilungileyo kwimfazwe. I-ZGU-1 yinkqubo yokufaka umpu wamatshini olwaphulo-moya, ngokusetyenziselwa kuyo ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa kwimimandla enentaba kunye neyona ndawo. Esi sixhobo sasixhotyiswe ngeenyoni zeentaba kunye nezidumbu zemimandla. Xa beyilo olu hlobo lofakelo, abaqulunqi baqwalasela ukuba ukuthutha kwakungenakwenzeka kuphela kwihashe, kodwa nakwiipakethi zabantu.

Isibhamu sokulwa ne-aircraft senziwe ngendlela enokuthi ikwazi ukuphikisana ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokulwa. I-ZGU-1 yaguqulwa kwi-tank version ye-gun ye-KPV yomshishini, kwaye iinqwelo zokuqala zale mishini yemipu zithunyelwa kwi-Vietnam. Iimpawu zeZGU-1 ziquka:

1. Isisindo sokukhanya - kwindawo yokulwa le nqununu inesisindo esingama-kg kg, ihluke ngo-disassembly elula. Ukuhambisa umpu womatshini ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, umzamo owaneleyo abantu 5.
2. Njengoko isikhali sisetyenzisiwe umshini wokuchithwa komshini KPVT 14.5 mm.
3. Indlela yokujikeleza inezimbini ezibini zesikhokelo esinqamlekileyo, esenza ukuba kube lula ukuchaneka ngokucacileyo isikhali kwisixhobo salo.
4. I-wheel drive yenza kube lula ukuthutha iyunithi ngisho nakwimimandla eneemeko zomhlaba ezinzima.
5. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkalo yomoya kuluhlu lwe-2,000 m kunye nokuphakama kwe-1,500 m.

Imichiza yeRashiya kunye nehlabathi: izinto ezikhoyo zanamhlanje

Esinye sezixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu zexesha lethu ngumpu womatshini wokulwa nomkhosi. Ifoto yamanqaku amaninzi ibonisa ukuba le nkqubo inokuthenjwa kwaye ikhuselekile ukusebenza, ikwazi ukushaya iinjongo zomoya kunye nomhlaba. Umyinge oqhelekileyo weekharriji ezifanelekileyo kumashishini omatshini zivela kwi-12.7 mm, eziqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kweethagethi zomhlaba kunye nobukhulu bentsimbi efanelekileyo kumgama wama-800 m.

Amashishini omnxeba amakhulu ancedisa kwinkqubo yomlilo kwiintlobo ezininzi zokulwa. Ziyakwazi ukuphakanyiswa naluphi na ubuchule - ukusuka kwiinqwelo zokulwa ukuya kubathinteli bezithuthi, kunye nokuqinisa abantwana. Ukongezelela, esi sixhobo esincinci sikwenza ufune ukubetha iithagethi zomoya kunye nomhlaba, nokuba zihamba. Inomdla kumashishini olwaphulo-moya kubangelwa ngokubanzi ngoluhlu lomlilo, okwenza kube lula ukulwa neethagethi ezinzulu.

Okwangoku, ezixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi zimbini izibhamu - 12.7 mm DSMK Soviet kunye "Browning" ukuveliswa kweMelika. Bahluke ngokuhamba, nangona ubunzima obukhulu kunye nobukhulu. Ukongezelela, yonke imodeli ihlukaniswe kwi-universal okanye eyodwa. Imishini yasemasimini isisindo kwisilinganiso esiyi-140 kg. Kulo mshishini omkhulu we-Russia, ingqwalasela ithathwa kwi-Russian NSV 12.7 mm kunye neRussia "KORD", enokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukukhawuleza, ukuhlaselwa kweethagethi ezahlukeneyo.