UMikhail Tukhachevsky: ifoto, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane Tuhachevskogo Mihaila Nikolaevicha

Tukhachevsky wayengomnye ngqwayi zezona ngcali zinetalente yaziwa kakuhle Red Army ngethuba leMfazwe Civil. Waye phakathi ezintlanu zokuqala bekumele eSoviet Union. Tukhachevsky wadutyulwa ngo-1937 ngethuba uthe kwi Red Army.

Ukukhethwa umsebenzi zomkhosi

Tukhachevsky wazalwa Februwari 16, 1893 kwintsapho unguwo. Le nkwenkwe kwabantwana abancinane awayezithanda umculo. Wafunda ukudlala ivayolin. Kamva, emkhosini baba zizihlobo umqambi Dmitri winky.

Ngomhla olwandulela Yehlabathi Yokuqala kweMfazwe Mihail Tuhachevsky Alexandrov waphumelela kwisikolo yomkhosi. Yena intle ingqeqesho academic performance phakathi noontanga babo. Phambi Tukhachevsky wavula abaza kuyilandela nomtsalane. Ngehlobo lika-1914, emkhosini wagqiba ukuya kwi bake webutho. Kwixesha elizayo, akwazi ukuya kwi Academy of Staff Jikelele.

Kunyaka ngaphambi e Moscow, uMikhail Tukhachevsky, ngexesha ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi, kwakunikelwa uMlawuli Nicholas II. Kwixesha elizayo, ubomi bakhe igosa yobukumkani, yaye kamva Soviet wafuna lokufeza entsimini Helm. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yena udumo kunye nokuzimisela. abahlobo kunye abazana abaninzi kuthelekiswa kuye uNapoleon. Umzekelo, ukufuna kwakhe esisuka kwi yakhe, epapashwe ePrague ngowe-1928, ukhumbula ofunda Vladimir Postoronkin.

Ibutho tsarist

Kumaxesha amaninzi, uMikhail Tukhachevsky esichengeni ngamandla nesibindi kwizenzo antsonkothileyo ukuze lithathe amathuba avelayo phambi kwakhe. Njengoko emkhosini, waba nethamsanqa kakhulu ukuba ngexesha eRashiya wazibonela yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye War Civil.

Liciko, yaye episode elandelayo. Nkqu ngamaxesha oxolo, ukufunda ukususela kunyaka aphezulu wesikolo wakhe wamajoni, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wabhala ingxelo ukwenziwa ngabaphathi, eyachaza kakubi kabini junior. Waqala kwecala. Ngenxa yoko, Junkers ezintathu (Krasovskiy, Avdeev kunye Janowski) ukuzibulala.

ekuthinjweni German

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, Tukhachevsky yathinjwa amaJamani. Le nkampu, e yaseIngolstadt, leva ngumongameli waseFransi elizayo Charles de Gaulle. Ke iimeko yokuthinjwa khange ezifana, ngokomzekelo, kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ngamaNazi eJamani. Amabanjwa ekhululwe ngengqawule esekhefini kwidolophu ekufutshane. Esebenzisa le nkqubo, kwezono, igosa basebukhosini zibalekile.

Tukhachevsky uMikhail Nikolayevich, imbali emfutshane leyo ibe umkhosi intsimi yaqala ekuthinjweni yaseJamani, bamthiya Germany. Sele eSoviet Union, njengoSekela Commissar lezoKhuselo, ngokufuthi badlala diatribes lo lizwe.

umkhankaso Polish

Emva kokuba October Revolution, Tukhachevsky wajoyina iiBolsheviks. Kwi-Red Army, wakhawuleza baphumelele nodumo. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1920 Tukhachevsky wamiselwa umthetheli-Front Koloni, apho i-Red Army ilwa ePoland. Kweli nqanaba, intshukumo White lamoyisa phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ngoku, kwiBolsheviks akwazi ukuya ekuphunyezweni kwesicwangciso sayo ye revolution yehlabathi. Ukuba Red Army yahlasela iPoland, imvukelo abasebenzi Ungaqala lonke elaseYurophu. ngoko uLenin wabeka phambili islogani odumileyo "A Warsaw ukuya eBerlin kunye Paris."

Le apogee ye ekuqaleni Tukhachevsky yaba ukuvela oluBomvu Army Amadlelo eyinkunzi Polish ngomhla we 14 ku Agasti. Noko ke, emva kweentsuku ezimbini kamva waqalisa a Pilsudski counteroffensive. Ngenxa yoko, izibonda weza Minsk. Yaba ngophanziso iyonke. Yena wawunga dityaniswanga ukuba ukusilela Tukhachevsky uqobo, kodwa wachaza izizathu njongo. Russian wawalwela iminyaka 7 ukususela ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ukuba zaphela. Ngelo xesha linye mood olululo abasebenzi ePoland aba buthathaka kakhulu umnqweno inkululeko yesizwe. Ukuze abantu beli lizwe ukufika iiBolsheviks ngokuyintloko ukufika Russian.

lihamba of Kronstadt

Sivumelwano uxolo ePoland sasayinwa ngomhla we-18 Matshi 1921, ngexesha Tukhachevsky zicinezelwa kwimvukelo in Kronstadt. Wafika kwamanani Petrograd 5. Wayalelwa ukuba ukujongana oomatiloshe nemvukelo kwisiqithi esikufutshane kude kube ngoMatshi 8, xa kuvulwa okucwangcisiweyo X Congress of the Party.

Waqala aphume odumileyo kabini, uhamba ngapha umkhenkce we-Gulf of Finland. Ngelo xesha, uLenin kwintlanganiso ye-Bureau Political wavuma ukurhoxisa okugqithiseleyo-mali yaye ngaloo ndlela ukufeza omunye yeemfuno oomatiloshe abavukeli, yindlala ogama kuba iiBolsheviks Balisusa yonke isityalo sabo usapho yesikhumba. Le mvukelo iye zicinezelwa emva ukuhlasela yesibini ngoMatshi 18. Ngomhla olwandulela oomatiloshe eneenkani ebekwe phantsi iingalo zabo, ahlambe kumgangatho wamlinda Isiphelo sakhe. Abanye babo bafudukela eFinland.

Le kwezithandani yemvukelo umlimi

I Kronstadt qhankqalazo inxalenye yokuqala iphulo wamajoni iiBolsheviks ngo-1921. Emva kokoyisa oomatiloshe baya Tukhachevsky Antonovskiy gqiba eMasa. Le mvukelo yamahlwempu yaqala kwiphondo Tambov phakathi ku-1920. Inkokeli bavukeli Alexander isemoyeni, ngenxa yoko yaba eyaziwa ngokuba counter-abalweli "Antonovites". Awonwabanga abasemagunyeni eSoviet belali bayithwala iingalo kwaye kwasekwa i-Union of zaba balimi ukusebenza. Lo mbutho nokuba iye yamkela ajenda yayo yezopolitiko. nabalimi mfuneko ukuba ukubhukuqa iiBolsheviks kuthiywa kunye Assembly neqela. Isemoyeni ufikile ngenxa yendlala ezoyikekayo elalini ngenxa surplus kunye bayonakalisa imigaqo of Communism imfazwe.

Ngo-Apreli 1921, Efraim Sklyansky, isandla owayesakuba ngasekunene noTrotsky kunye nesekela lakhe iRevolutionary Military Council, uLenin wathumela imemo apho kucetywa ukuba Tukhachevskogo ikakhulu noxanduva ngokoyiswa abavukeli Tambov. Le hero of War Civil, Noko ke, ayikwazanga ukulwa abantu babo. Kuye kwavunyelwana ukuba Tukhachevsky uMikhail Nikolayevich umiselwa umphathi kuphela kweli phondo Tambov, ngaphandle abhengezwe kumaphephandaba. Military unikwa inyanga ukuba balahle "isemoyeni imigulukudu." Ngelo xesha Tukhachevsky uMikhail Nikolayevich onayo esuka embindini inkululeko ngokupheleleyo amanyathelo. Ixesha lubonise ukuba wayithabatha off.

Imfazwe luqalile

NgoMeyi 6, Tambov weza uMikhail Tukhachevsky. A ngobomi emfutshane yomntu ngumzekelo lweziganeko isuka umsebenzi Akumangalisi. Yisiwe ePoland, umthetheli ufake uphawu lukangxabalaza ngekamva lakhe. Kodwa ngowe-1921, yena, enkosi kwezithandani le Kronstadt imvukelo nodushe Antonovskoe, ayikwazanga nje ukugwetyelwa kwi emehlweni Politburo, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana ithuba lokuba ukukhuthaza ngakumbi igosa Red Army.

Ekubeni kuhlolwe imeko phezu komhlaba, Tukhachevsky uMikhail Nikolayevich May 12 wakhupha inombolo umthetho 130, ekuthi ngawo luqalile baba abalimi anikezele. Ukuba mvukeli zange walala phantsi iingalo zabo, usapho lwakhe babanjiwe. Izalamane leeveki ezimbini zigcinwe kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ekhethekileyo. Ukuba umfama akazange isaziso kwaye emva koko, le ntsapho waya eSiberia.

Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, May 28, i-Red Army waya phezu avanyisa. Juni 11 yaba umyalelo omtsha, umbhali kwawo Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich. Ngoku, emkhosini wafumana ilungelo ukudubula abantu abangafuniyo ukuba bazibize ngegama. Ngo August, ukugxothwa unenzondelelo iintsapho malunga 70 amawaka. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i Army Tukhachevsky noxinzeleko Antonovites uphakamo kunye hero elizayo kwiminyaka engama-26 Enkulu Patriotic War Georgy zhukov.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zeekhemikhali

Kwiphondo Tambov Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich wathabatha iqhinga entsha yemfazwe. Sele 30, ngelixa bade ngayo umsebenzi wakhe, wabhala kunye nemibhalo theoretical component emkhosini. izinto eziliqela ezinikelwe izixhobo zeekhemikhali. Faka Tukhachevsky igesi abafundi Kucetyiswa evela Eagle. Lo bugcisa ukugxotha imimoya emibi abalimi emahlathini.

Gas waqala ukuqala nge ukulibaziseka kuphela emva kokuba eMoscow wazisa iimaski. amacebo amatsha wazala iziqhamo. Phakathi-Julayi 1921, uLenin ifumene ingxelo ukuba amandla yiSoviet yasekwa kwiphondo Tambov yonke indawo. Umbhali we phepha uMikhail Tukhachevsky. Biography of imfazwe kunyaka-28 kwaphawula esinye loyiso yintloko Red Army. Isemoyeni kwezithandani le mvukelo yamahlwempu yaba indawo iphezulu yokwenza kwakhe empini. Ukususela ngoko, uye wayebambe izikhundla eziphezulu, kodwa zange yenzeke imfazwe.

"YiDemon kweMfazwe Civil"

Yintoni na kubaluleke kangaka kwimbali Soviet Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich? Biography of lo mntu umzekelo ogqibeleleyo ukusetyenziswa igosa likakumkani kwi Red Army. KwiBolsheviks weza ngamandla, bakwazi ukufumana i-War Civil, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba baqalisa ukusebenzisana kunye iingcaphephe zomkhosi ababekhonza umlawuli.

Umqalisi kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo bhetyebhetye yaba usihlalo Revolutionary Military Council Lev noTrotsky. Ukubandakanyeka kwamagosa ezifana Tukhachevsky uMikhail Nikolayevich, kwiMfazwe Civil wabonisa ilungelo yindlela Lev Davidovich. Ba ngeendlela ezininzi, ngasendleleni, baba efanayo. NoTrotsky ebizwa "idemoni wotshintsho." Lev Davidovich yena kakhulu Tukhachevsky. Xa wathi malunga mkhosi njenge "idemon kweMfazwe Civil."

Amagosa Ukhuseleko ifike

Ngowe-1929, inkonzo yezobuntlola yaseJamani usungule olungelulo ukuba arhente Lwabasebenzi German Jikelele ayikho nje nabani na, yaye uMikhail Tukhachevsky. Photo umphathi ke waguqukela umcimbi yabucala amapolisa Soviet mfihlakalo. Nkqu isixeko yaba iphulo rhoqo uthe kwi-Red Army. Abantu ababanjiweyo amawaka aliqela amagosa tsarist. Ababini kubo (Emnye Kokorin) wanikela ubungqina nxamnye Tukhachevsky. Owayesakuba abangaphantsi bammangalela iyelenqe nxamnye norhulumente kunye nomnqweno lokuhlela ubhedu yasemkhosini.

On ngemibuzo, Kokorin kunye Emnye ingxelo Stalin. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ngo-1930, inkokeli iintlanga bagqiba okumiselwe Tukhachevsky. Xa inkokeli emkhosini ibekwe uphawu emnyama. Kunjalo, Stalin walinda iminyaka embalwa, ulungiselela ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba ukucocwa iyonke ye-Red Army okwenzeka ngexesha nangoloyikiso olukhulu.

Xa banesifo yokuqala Tukhachevsky wayeyintloko iLeningrad Military District. Novemba 7, 1933, isikhumbuzo zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution, wayiqhubela umbukiso kwi Red Square. Ngowe-1935, waba ngomnye ezintlanu zokuqala bekumele eSoviet Union. Emva konyaka, umphathi-mkhosi sele lityunjiwe uSekela Defense Commissar Voroshilov.

eziwayo

Ngeli xesha, amaphaphu lakhula eYurophu. E eJamani, amaNazi weza ngamandla. It kuyeza imfazwe, nokungathembani Stalin kaThixo luqina. Yaba ukoyika kwakhe amandla akhe esona sizathu ingcinezelo kwi-Red Army. Popular, eselula baze bafundiswe Marshal uMikhail Tukhachevsky emfazweni enkulu ayizange kwakufuneka Stalin.

May 1, 1937, emva kokuba umbukiso, ubunkokheli phezulu eSoviet waqhubeka kubhiyozela indlu iholide kwi Voroshilov. Stalin ke thowusti wathi "iintshaba" kweli lizwe iya kuchongwa ze zitshatyalaliswe. Le ingcinezelo sele iqalile, kodwa ke umkhosi akakafiki wachukumisa. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kule ndawo lebyi Tukhachevsky wagxothwa kwisikhundla sikaSekela Abantu Commissar lezoKhuselo. Lowo wathunyelwa umthetho iVolga Military District.

Meyi 22, 1937 Marshal uyabanjwa Kuibyshev. Ngexesha ngemibuzo, Tukhachevsky wavuma ukuba ulungiselela ubhedu yasemkhosini. Ukuze wenze oku, zokuthi wayeza ekulungelelaniseni oluBomvu Army ukoyiswa emfazweni elandelayo kunye amaJamani okanye yaseJapan. Juni 11 Tukhachevsky wagwetywa intambo ngenxa zaseMelika lokuvukela. Wadutyulwa ngobo busuku. Marshall waye kokufa kwimo ngo-1957.