Impi enkulu Northern

1 UPetros wasenza wokuguqula ngaphandle ndicinga yaye systematizing kwangaphambili. Zonke iinguqu ezenzeka kwi amathuba phakathi ezahlukeneyo emkhosini iinkxalabo, amaphulo. Yaba kungekho ngaphandle kwaye ixesha xa kwakukho Enkulu Northern War.

amanyathelo Military nxamnye Sweden wafuna amandla omkhulu karhulumente yonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto yonke War Northern xa Peter 1, ephelekwa imisebenzi ngaphakathi elizweni. Lonke utshintsho yangaphakathi ziye ilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomkhosi.

War Northern babefuna amagosa abaqeqeshiweyo ngobuchule kunye namajoni. Kulo mba, emkhosini sithe sahlaziywa. Izikolo zomkhosi, epapashwe "Amanqaku zomkhosi" yaye "Working Capital gaba" zadalwa (imimiselo emitsha), i-Navy umbutho.

IMfazwe Enkulu Northern afuna imali. 1 Petros lazisa ngerhafu, iirhafu ezintsha. Abachatshazelwa kuphuculo, kunye izicelo mveliso. imfazwe Northern kwiimpahla eziyimfuneko, ukutya, izixhobo. Zonke iinguqulelo ziye zaphucuka nangoncedo umkhosi, ukuba baqale ukwakha iinqaba.

Ngowe-1700, ngoAgasti 22 umkhosi Russian waya kwelinye kwinqaba Swedish. Kukuwa Narva kwaba ngumnyaka. Noko ke, nasekuxinweni akubanga yimpumelelo ngokupheleleyo. Stock umgubo kunye umphakathi baba iintsuku ezilishumi elinesine kuphela. Komele badla ngakumbi ekhokelwa ngamagosa amazwe athathe uxanduva zabo ezihambela nje. Ngowe-1700, ngoNovemba i balwa ngesiquphe ehlasela kwizikhundla Russian, ajike umkhosi ibe iqhele. Kulo mzekelo, ezimbini regiments (bake kunye Preobrazhensky), nokugcina umyalelo emfazweni, walwa kude abahlaseli nesigubungelo ukubhabha wonke umkhosi.

Ukumkani Swedish yagqiba ukuba Russian oyisiwe, wathumela imikhosi yakhe Poland. Nangona uKarl 12, wenza amaphulo akhe Polish, ngokubonakalayo-1 Petros benza kwakhona ukusekwa kunye nokuguqulwa yomkhosi. amajoni ezintsha baqala izixhobo ze regiments lalisandul 'ukusekwa, uqeqesho amagosa Russian. sekhe In ezingaphezu kwama-300 zaphoswa kulo nyaka. Inxalenye kodini zisuswe kwenziwa ezinde intsimbi iintsimbi.

Umsebenzi uPetros ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaba neziphumo. Russian Army ekwindla ka 1702 wayithimba Noteburg (nut wamandulo), emthonjeni yathinjwa omnye Nienschanz balwa, kufuphi apho wabeka uPetros Paul Fortress. Tartu (Dorpat) kunye Narva yawa 1704.

Ngeli xesha, uKarl 12, emva kokoyiswa Saxony kunye Poland, atsho umlawuli Polish-2 Agasti ukuba bashiye itrone yakhe umfelandawonye Russia. Ngaloo ndlela uPetros 1 washiywa namahlakani.

Waphumla emva kokoyiswa Saxony, umkhosi Swedish ekupheleni kuka-1707 baya eRashiya. Balwa ngeyoMnga kulo nyaka, wathabatha Grodno, Mogilev. Oko yaqala i ekomelezeni ungxamisekileyo eMoscow ngokwemiyalelo uPetros. Phambi uthwebula isixeko, uCarl wayeza connect with yena wamvusa, wamkhulula Riga nezindlu Lewenhaupt. Housing weza izixhobo kunye nezinto ukutya. Noko ke, ngo-1708, ngo-Septemba umkhosi Russian woyisa ukusekelwa Swedish, yokufakwa ukutya kunye nezixhobo. Ngenxa yale mfazwe kufuphi kwilali Forest Karl kwafika amajoni malunga 7000 kuphela nesiqingatha-ze kunye nesiqingatha-bebulawa yezindlu 16000th.

Emva kwale imida, ukumkani Swedish wabeka amathemba enkulu kwi Ukraine. Hetman Mazepa ndingcatshe urhulumente Russian, ngowe-1708 wajoyina balwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunye Mazepa bazisa amajoni 2000 kuphela - Ukraine wahlala enyanisekile eRashiya, koko, abalimi Ukrainian ngokuchasene amajoni yaseSweden lasungula intshukumo ethandwayo.

E Poltava kwakukho kwidabi. Ngowe-1709, Juni 27 balwa bahlulwa epheleleyo. umkhosi wahlasela wasabela Dnieper River, ukuya ngasezantsi, apho amathambo abo umzimba Menshikov kwikhompyutha. Mazepa, ukumkani Swedish, abambalwa ezilikhulu Cossacks kwaye balwa abalekela eTurkey.

Emva 1709 amandla Swedish yasemkhosini eyaphukileyo. War Northern negalelo ukuba iRussia uye waba lizwe inamandla Northern Europe.

Ngowe-1721, ngoAgasti 30 phakathi Sweden neRashiya, lwagqitywa uxolo. Phantsi isivumelwano, icala Swedish ibuyisiwe eFinland, iRussia iphumelele e Karelia, Estonia, Livonia, Inghirami. INdlu Yeengwevu wanika uPetros isihloko komlawuli, isihloko 'Enkulu "kunye" uYise looBawo "kukhunjulwa uloyiso. Ukususela ngoko, eRashiya igama Empire.