Endulini Borovitsky: inkcazo emfutshane kunye nembali

Borovitsky kwentaba - indawo apho kukho isivumelwano, apho kamva yaba njengonozala wezakhono Moscow karhulumente. Le sise ekudibaneni Moskva River Neglinnaya. Kumaxesha amandulo, wayifulela kunye nohlaza, imithi kukhethwa coniferous kunye pine. Le ndawo sele iyindawo amanye amaqela oluntu kunye nenani nezithethe zakudala.

Isanda

Borovitsky ezintabeni kumaxesha amandulo kuqala abantu ngabazingeli kunye nabalobi (Fatyanovo period). Kamva ke kwangena abantu fundise (isigaba Diakonoff), emva koko loo ndawo sele Lungisa zone ngqo labemi Slavic: Vyatichi kunye Krivichy. Abaphandi ukufumana iintsalela bokuhlala kwabo apha ngohlobo iindonga. Kukho ingcamango yokuba ngenkulungwane ye-11 Borovitsky intaba yaba zokuhlala kunye iinqaba zokubonisela encinane, ezitsolo ngomthi, a emhadini.

Uphawu lokuqala

Le ndawo yokuqala kukhankanyiwe yemihla 1147 ngokunxulumene emthendelekweni, esalinikwayo Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky ally yayo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba emva kwexesha elithile khona, wayalela ukuba ukwakha inqaba ngomthi apha. Noko ke, kukho imbono yokuba wagcinwa welifa nangezikhala Boyar, nto leyo iyangena kude kuye waza wajika waba inkosana njengelifa yakhe ngezinto zezindlu zooyise. nendawo kusiza kamva kwakhokelela ekubeni Borovitsky intaba lithathe indawo ebalulekileyo nkqubo iinqaba emantla-mpuma States.

yokufudukela

ixesha ukuqhekeka feudal yabalasela ingxabano kunye ingxabano phakathi abathetheli, wabandezeleka kuyo kakhulu nje nabantu basekuhlaleni. In search yokuzimela geqe bavuka emakhayeni abo wathumela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ekude. Yaba uhamba yokufudukela entle kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni intshukumo entsha kule ngingqi. Borovitsky Hill e Moscow waba nendawo yokuzimela. Noko ke kwavela endaweni yayo umzi ntonje kujoliswe zokuhlaselwa nokuphangwa: ngenkulungwane ye-11 wamtshisa Ryazan prince ngenkulungwane ye-13, yena phantsi kuphanza eyoyikekayo ngenxa ye kugqogqa Batu rati.

ukwakheka

Kule mihla, kukho Red Square, inxalenye China-dolophu. Ingxenye ephakeme ekuthiwa Makovytsya, ethetha isithsaba. Apha Cathedral Square nomnye izakhiwo zetempile ephambili kwilizwe lethu - kwamadoda Cathedral of ngombono. Ngenxa yoko, Borovitsky Hill waba embindini eyinkunzi elizayo yaye kwasekwa ngurhulumente omtsha. Oku luqinisekiswa kakhulu kwindawo entle wejografi, imithombo yayo yendalo kunye ezikhuselweyo kule ndawo evela abasemathanga kunye AmaTatar, leyo kwatsala abantu apha ebudeni bolawulo i-tartar idyokhwe. Edge Hill igama lbische okanye indawo abulawe: ukusuka apha ukuze uqalise izibheno ebantwini yookumkani kunye oosolusapho.

igama

Imvelaphi igama "Borovitsky Hill" ngenxa awohluke of iimeko zayo zendalo kunye neendawo. Kukho imbono ukuba kunjalo kwathiwa igama kuba wayifulela ehlathini. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, loo ndawo kwathiwa igama ukusuka elithi "Borovica", oko kuthetha indawo apho ehlathini okanye ehlathini. Zombini yeengcinga iyafana omnye komnye, yaye ukuthembeka le nkkolelo wazibonakalisa into yokuba izakhiwo zokuqala apha ziye zinxulunyaniswe nelo gama, ezifana ibandla kunye sigodlo. Oku kucacisa impendulo umbuzo malunga kutheni Borovitsky endulini ebizwa njalo.

abanemvume

Imbali esilandelayo kule ndawo edibene ebukumkanini iinkosana yokuqala Moscow, abathatha inxaxheba ekwakheni yayo. Phantsi Ivan Kalita apha yasekwa kwaye wakha iicawa ezininzi, yaye kwiminyaka emithathu phambi kokufa kwakhe - oki yesicelo. Xa umzukulwana wakhe, nguDmitry Donskoy, ukwakhiwa kweendonga amatye ngeenxa elikomkhulu, leyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni isixeko ayehlasela Lithuanian Grand Duke, i-Tatar khan. Isakhiwo esitsha sele yakhiwe ngaphandle kweendonga endala. Ebubanzini iindonga ezintsha ukususela kwiimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Inani onqatyisiweyo ziquka zamanzi, manzi. Iindonga bebexhotyiswa amakroba. Xa Ivan III waqala ukwakha izakhiwo ezitsha ze-yesicelo, eli xesha eyenziwe ngezitena. On ekwakhiweni kwayo kwadlula malunga neshumi leminyaka.

ngexesha elitsha

Xa isakhiwo Ngenkulungwane ye-17 endulini Borovitsky waqhubeka kwakhona. Kukho nakhelwe ibandla, lo belfry, amagumbi kunye amabhotwe. Ezinde kwenziwa ententeni-isimbo, ngendlela baye basinda. Xa umlawuli wokuqala Russian apha lwakwakhiwa kwisakhiwo Arsenal, kodwa kamva, ngokunxulumene ukutshintshwa ikomkhulu ekwakheni St. Petersburg, ngelishwa, wayeka. Meaning Borovitsky iinduli eziphakamileyo nje kuphela kwimbali Grand Duchy of Moscow, kodwa eRashiya ngokubanzi. Isibakala sokuba le ndawo iye undoqo lukarhulumente elimanyeneyo, ethe waba embindini wokuhlanganisa kumazwe asasazeke kunye nazo izilawuli. zobuchule kunye nezoqoqosho Elilungileyo idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso yayo ukuzityebisa.