Lo mfanekiso inkulu eYiputa - The esinconywayo seSPHINX sizi. Amavo laseYiputa. History of the SPHINX

impucuko ngamnye iimpawu zayo, wesigrike olinani ubone indawo ebalulekileyo uhlanga, inkcubeko kunye nembali. SPHINX laseYiputa yamandulo - ubungqina amandla ongafiyo, amandla kunye nobuninzi lizwe, sisikhumbuzo ngemvelaphi nguThixo abalawuli bakhe, otshonileyo kwinkulungwane, kodwa wemka emhlabeni umfanekiso ubomi obungunaphakade. Uphawu kuzwelonke iYiputa iza kuqwalaselwa enye ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu bobugcisa elidlulileyo, kusenjalo lidiza woloyiko ngokuzenzekelayo ye impressiveness lwakhe, aura imfihlelo, amabali eyimfihlakalo eminyaka zembali.

Isiboniso sesikhumbuzo ku manani

Egyptian SPHINX yaziwa bonke bonke abemi behlabathi. A lesikhumbuzo oqingqiweyo eweni monolithic, mzimbeni wengonyama kunye nentloko yomntu (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - uFaro). statue ubude-73 m, ukuphakama -. m 20 Uphawu yasebukhosini amandla negunya ukwakweli ithafa Giza west kunxweme loMlambo umNayile yaye lingqongwe emseleni ububanzi ngokwanelisayo nzulu. ntsho olukhulu se SPHINX sibhekiswe ngasempuma, ukuya ingongoma zezulu, apho ilanga liphuma. Monument amaxesha amaninzi wazifumana phantsi kwekhwapha zesanti sele kwalungiswa izihlandlo eziliqela. Yawo ngokupheleleyo lususiwe isanti kuphela ngo-1925, wathimba ingqalelo abantu ehlabathini jikelele ubukhulu balo kunye nomlinganiselo.

Imbali eqingqiweyo: izibakala nxamnye amavo

EYiputa, SPHINX na lesikhumbuzo kakhulu qembu yaye kungakholeleki. imbali yayo kule minyaka le umdla ngokukhawuleza nengqalelo-mbali, ababhali, abalawuli kunye nabaphandi. Bonke abantu ithuba lokuba yayichukumisa ngonaphakade, nto leyo emele i-oqingqiweyo, inikeza uguqulelo yalo imvelaphi yakhe. Abantu bendawo babiza rock Umtsalane 'uyise ngesothuso "ngenxa yokuba i SPHINX lingumlondolozi ukuba nobuninzi yamandulo twi nendawo owuthandayo abakhenkethi - abathandi iimfihlelo kunye yesayensi. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ibali SPHINX iye kwiinkulungwane ngaphezulu kwama-13. Wavele, yayakhiwe ukwenzela ukulungisa isenzeko ngeenkwenkwezi - le Ukuhlangana iiplanethi ezintathu.

Intsomi malunga nemvelaphi

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho lwazi enokuthenjwa sesona lo mfanekiso, kuba kwayo yakhiwa yaye nini. Ukungabikho nembali indawo yi le ntsomi adluleyo ngomlomo kwaye isixelela kubakhenkethi. Inyaniso yokuba eYiputa, le SPHINX na lesikhumbuzo mdala nomkhulu, yakha ngaye amabali endimangazayo ezitenxileyo. Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba mfanekiso uyasilinda amangcwaba ezinkulu ooFaro - ubume Cheops, Chephren kunye Mycerinus. Enye ilejendi uthi lo mfanekiso ilitye -sibonisa ungubani kaFaro Khafre, eyesithathu - yinto oqingqiweyo kathixo Horus (uthixo zezulu, poluchelovek, polusokol), ebukele enyukayo kayise - ilanga uThixo Ra.

Legends

Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, i SPHINX ikhankanywa unjengengwenya esibi. Ngokutsho ntsomi yesiGrike eYiputa yamandulo kule rhamncwa zezi zilandelayo: a isidalwa umzimba wengonyama kunye intloko zabantu eyenziwe Ehidna kunye Typhon (poluzmeya-umfazi kunye nenamba omkhulu iintloko ezilikhulu). Lanikwa ubuso emabeleni kukho mfazi, umzimba wengonyama kunye amaphiko intaka. Monster wayehlala kufuphi uAmoni, abantu linda umcele umbuzo: "Ngubani phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo kwi oshukunyiswa kusasa ngamanqina amane, usuku ezimbini, yaye ngokuhlwa ezintathu?" Akukho namnye kukungcangcazela yokoyika abasemzini ayikwazanga ukunika impendulo ecacileyo kwi SPHINX. Emva koko rhamncwa isigwebo sokufa. Noko ke, kwafika imini xa Oedipus osisilumko nako ukusombulula iqhina wakhe. "Le umntu ebuntwaneni, ekubeni ebudaleni" - wathi. Emva koko, ndiyingwenya na eyaphukileyo lwaphaphatheka phantsi encotsheni yentaba, ndawaphula nasemaweni.

Ngokutsho uguqulelo yesibini welivo, i SPHINX saseYiputa kanye uThixo. Xa umlawuli wezulu yeyela nesanti kumgibe ngobuqhophololo, obizwa ngokuba "yindawo sobomi", waza waya kulala ubuthongo yakhe ngonaphakade.

izibakala real

Nangona izandi ezincinane eyimfihlo amavo, eli bali lokwenene eyimfihlakalo ngaphantsi yaye kungakholeleki. Ngokutsho original Ngokutsho izazinzulu, i SPHINX yakhiwa ngexesha elinye iiphiramidi. Noko ke, kule ngqangi yakudala, leyo kususelwe ingcaciso ekwakheni iiphiramidi, akukho kukhankanywa le eqingqiweyo amatye. Siyazi amagama bezakhiwo nabakhi owadala kumangcwaba amakhulu ngenxa ngoofaro, kodwa igama laloo ndoda liphezulu abathi banika ihlabathi indlela SPHINX baseYiputa, akwaziwa. Noko ke, kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa emva kokudalwa iphiramidi kukho izibakala yokuqala malunga nomfanekiso. AmaYiputa alwela "shepes ankh" yayo - 'umfanekiso ophilayo ". Akukho lwazi olungaphezulu kunye ingcaciso zenzululwazi la mazwi, izazinzulu ukunika ihlabathi abakwazanga.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umfanekiso lenkundla eyimfihlakalo SPHINX - intombi ndiyingwenya na enamaphiko - iyachazwa kwiintsomi zamaGrike, la mabali ezininzi namabali. Le hero kula mabali, kuxhomekeke umbhali, utshintsha ngamaxesha ukubonakala kwaso, ethetha kwezinye iinguqulelo poluchelovekom-polulvom, yaye abanye - yengonyama ezinamaphiko.

Imbali eYiputa mandulo, i SPHINX

Enye puzzle ukuba izazinzulu baba umlando yekaHerodotus, owathi ngo-445 BC ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha inkqubo yokwakha iiphiramidi. Waxelela amabali umdla ihlabathi malunga nendlela izakhiwo kwakhiwa, baba nenxaxheba elide kangakanani nokuba zingaphi ngamakhoboka ukwakhiwa kwayo. Esibalisayo "uyise kwimbali" ochaphazelekayo nkqu bokuqonda ezifana nokutya kwamakhoboka. Kodwa, Isimanga, nguHerodotus akazange ekhankanywe kwincwadi yakhe Stone SPHINX. Akukho namnye okwalandela ubhala isibakala le ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo kwakhona ukuba andibhaqwa.

Wandinceda oosonzululwazi kucacise ukukhanya phezu iqhina le SPHINX umsebenzi umbhali waseRoma uPliny Elder "Natural History". Kwiincwadi zakhe yena uthetha ngomnye yokuhlambulula lesikhumbuzo ukusuka esantini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucacile ukuba kutheni UHerodotus Akazange ashiye ihlabathi inkcazelo SPHINX - ilitye lesikhumbuzo ngelo xesha wangcwatywa phantsi umaleko neetyuwa uyisanti. Ngoko ixesha elingakanani waba emgibeni entlabathini?

I 'sokubuyiselwa "yokuqala

Xa imibhalo ekhohlo kwi Ustela ilitye phakathi ihamba ze ndiyingwenya na, uFaro Thutmose ndachitha unyaka kwi Liberation Monument. imibhalo yamandulo isixelela ukuba ukuba yinkosana, Thutmose walala yoyi kwi emazantsi SPHINX, yaye iphupha uThixo wabonakala kuye Harmakhis. Yena kwangaphambili inkosana enyukayo itrone laseYiputa waza wayalela nokukhululwa oqingqiweyo kumgibe isanti. Emva kwexesha elithile, uFaro Thutmose waba kakuhle Walikhumbula idinga izithixo. Wayalela nje ukwemba ingxilimbela, kodwa ukubuyisela kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, imvuselelo yokuqala welivo waseYiputa kwenzeka kwinkulungwane XV. BC Naso xa ihlabathi wafunda isakhiwo olukhulu ezikhumbuzo zonqulo ezizodwa eYiputa.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emva kokuba ukuvuselela SPHINX uFaro Thutmose kube kanye kwakhona wemba ebudeni bolawulo lukaPtolemy ubukhosi, phantsi kwabalawuli baseRoma, bambamba Egypt Ancient kunye nabalawuli Arabhu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha zethu, kwakhona wakhululwa nentlabathi ngo-1925. Kude kube ngoku, lo mfanekiso kufuneka icocwe emva sandstorms, njengoko yinto umdla yabakhenkethi ebalulekileyo.

Kutheni kungekho lesikhumbuzo ukuya empumlweni?

Ngaphandle kudala le imikrolo, oko phantse ugcinwe kwimo yalo yantlandlolo, yoncedo i SPHINX. Egypt (photo ngentla ibonisa lesikhumbuzo) ikwazile ukuba balondoloze wobugcisa yalo, kodwa wayengakwazi ukuba kukhusela abantu bakhe ubuqaba. Akukho eqingqiweyo ngexesha empumlweni. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba omnye ooFaro ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, inzululwazi wayalela ukuba baphinde babe impumlo lo mfanekiso. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, lo lesikhumbuzo eyonakaliswe umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo, ukudubula umpu ebusweni bakhe. I IsiNgesi chipped iindevu ngwenya waza wathumela ukuba lwembali yakhe.

Noko ke, kamva wafumanisa iirekhodi mbali Al-Maqrizi ukususela 1378 ithi lo mfanekiso ilitye iye impumlo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, omnye Arabhu, belangazelela ukuze kuhlawulelwe izono zenkolo (kwi iKurani wawukwalela Ukuthiya bunjengobuso babantu), chipped impumlo bakaRafa. Ukuphendula yenkohlakalo kunye kakubi nentlabathi SPHINX waqalisa ukuziphindezelela abantu, ukunyathela emhlabeni Giza.

Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba SPHINX eYiputa baphulukana impumlo ngenxa yokuba imimoya enamandla nezikhukula. Nangona le nkkolelo ayifumanekanga kude kube ngoku isiqinisekiso ngokwenene.

Iimfihlelo engama se SPHINX

Kulo nyaka-1988, ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni umsi mveliso abuhlungu ukususela lesikhumbuzo endilisekileyo inxalenye yahlula block samatye (350 kg). UNESCO ochaphazelekayo malunga inkangeleko kunye nemeko abakhenkethi kunye zenkcubeko izinto, kuqaliswe ukulungiswa, ngaloo ndlela evula indlela kuphando entsha. Ngenxa yokufunda ngenyameko Pyramid Great kunye SPHINX of avulwe zakudala Japanese kuye hypothesized ukuba lesikhumbuzo kwakhiwa engcwabeni ekuqaleni likaFaro enkulu. Isigqibo yaba ukufunyanwa mihle basem- abathe bacebisa ukuba iphiramidi, i SPHINX kunye nezinye izakhiwo yokungcwaba - bexesha. A, ukufunyanwa yesibini akothusi ngokulinganayo yaba kokufunyanwa phantsi dladla irhamncwa lasekhohlo elide itonela emxinwa onxulumene iphiramidi ka Cheops.

Emva kokuba abembi Japanese endala lesikhumbuzo ukwenza hydrologists. Abawufumana umzimba wakhe imizila ukhukuliseko lokuhamba kwamanzi enkulu, nto leyo eyabangela ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Emva kuthotho lwezifundo zophononongo ngu hydrologists bagqiba ukuba ingonyama ilitye ibe lingqina cwaka ukuya Nile - intlekele yezibhalo ezenzeke malunga 8-12 kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. ngumphandi American John Entoni Uest wachaza imizila ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi emzimbeni engonyama kunye nentloko yokuswela kwabo ubungqina bokuba SPHINX wayekho ngexesha Ice Age kwaye ezabhalwa nasiphi na isithuba ukuya kuma-15 amawaka. BC. e. Ngokutsho zakudala French, imbali eYiputa yamandulo obakhe lesikhumbuzo mdala eyayikho ndinibuthe ngexesha yokutshatyalaliswa Atlantis.

Ngoko ke, lo mfanekiso ilitye isixelela ubukho impucuko enkulu, nto leyo akwazi ukwakha isakhiwo ezinhle, eyaba umfanekiso ongenakufa elidlulileyo.

Unqulo amaYiputa amandulo phambi SPHINX

OoFaro laseYiputa zenziwa rhoqo xa kusiyiwa ukuya elunyaweni bakaRafa, eyayifuzisela elidluleyo omkhulu kwilizwe labo. Baye benyusa amadini esibingelelweni, leyo phakathi kwemilenze yakhe, isiqhumiso voskurivali, kuzo intsikelelo elikhulu cwaka ukuya ubukumkani itrone. SPHINX akazange nje kokufa loThixo kwelanga kubo, kodwa ngendlela engcwele, leyo wabanika wokulandelelana kunye namandla ngokusemthethweni yiminyanya. Yena wayemele i iYiputa enamandla, imbali lizwe lwabonakala uhlobo lakhe elinendili, yoncedo umfanekiso nganye uFaro nangokuphambukisa candelo langoku ephakadeni. imibhalo yamandulo bamdumisa SPHINX njengoko uthixo omkhulu umdali. umfanekiso wakhe uyaphinda azibandakanye elidlulileyo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

ingcaciso Astronomical le eqingqiweyo amatye

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, i SPHINX uza kwakhiwa ngo-2500 BC. e. ngokwemiyalelo likaFaro Khafre ebudeni bolawulo yeSine lokulawula yaka koFaro. Ingonyama enkulu ibekwe phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo zobungangamela phezu ihewu ilitye of Giza - iiphiramidi ezintathu.

Izifundo Astronomical aye abonisa ukuba indawo yawo andinyulanga yi wemvelo eyimfama, yaye ngokuhambelana kunye kwindawo yonqumlo umendo imizimba yasezulwini. Waba kwindawo sentshinyela, ebonisa indawo ngqo kwi ndawo elundini ukuphuma kwelanga ngosuku kulingane. Ngokutsho izazi, iminyaka SPHINX 10.500 eyadlulayo kuye kwakhiwa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iiphiramidi Giza ibekwe phantsi kanye ngendlela efanayo iinkwenkwezi ezintathu of Belt Orion ngayo ngaloo nyaka esibhakabhakeni. Ngokutsho legend, i SPHINX kunye iiphiramidi uwalungise indawo yazo iinkwenkwezi, ixesha ngeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo amaYiputa amandulo ekuthiwa kuqala. Ekubeni Isimntwiso yasezulwini nguthixo uOsiris, owayelawula ngelo xesha, waba Orion, izakhiwo ezenziwe ziye zakhiwa ngenjongo imifanekiso engangeenkwenkwezi ibhanti lakhe ukuze phambili kwaye ulungise ixesha bamandla akhe.

SPHINX Great njengendawo yokhenketho

Okwangoku, ingonyama omkhulu onentloko yabantu utsala abakhenkethi uyakulangazelela ukubona yenza yayaziwa Ubumnyama kwiinkulungwane ubudala imbali kunye ezininzi izithethe eyimfihlakalo of imikrolo ngamatye. Inzala kulo lonke uluntu ngenxa yokuba imfihlelo kwendalo mfanekiso uye wahlala engachazwanga, angcwatywa ngasezantsi nentlabathi. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba zingaphi iimfihlelo ugcina SPHINX. Egypt (ifoto lesikhumbuzo kunye iiphiramidi kunokubonwa nangaliphi na portal travel) sibe nebhongo ngembali yaso enkulu, abantu ababalaseleyo, ezikhumbuzo ezukileyo, inyaniso apho abenzi bayo baye nabo ebukumkanini Anubis - uthixo ukufa.

SPHINX ezinkulu kunye umxhelo ilitye elikhulu, ogama imbali uye wahlala engekasonjululwa ezele le mfihlakalo. Sekunjalo ngqo imifanekiso look nto nokuba kude kwaye akanandaba imbonakalo yakhe. Zingaphi eminyaka, ilingqina cwaka ukubandezeleka kwabantu, ngamampunge nabaphathi, iintlungu kunye yamashwa ukuba ndahlelwa ilizwe laseYiputa? Zingaphi iimfihlelo igcina SPHINX Enkulu? Ngelishwa, yonke le mibuzo kunye neempendulo hayi ufumaneka kule minyaka.