Impi ulwandle off Cape Hanko (1714)

Battle of Cape Gangut - elinye lamaphepha elizukileyo imbali Russian, iholide immortalized, ebizwa noMhla Military Glory. Weza nge-9 Agasti. Ngale mini ngo-1714 eRashiya yayibhiyozela win yakhe yokuqala elwandle, akuba ephumelele ngomhla wama-27 Julayi. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla, kodwa iminyaka emithandathu kamva, Russian yoyisa balwa kufuphi Grengam yesiqithi ukuba ilizwe lethu ukuba ekugqibeleni bazuze zintshula kuLwandle lweBaltic. Battle off Cape Hanko, umhla - July 27, 1714, kwakukho kwasekuqalekeni ekupheleni kubungangamsha Swedish kuLwandle lweBaltic.

ukufikelela ebalulekileyo elwandle

Lonke Isihlabo lokubhala, wegazi, elide Northern War (1700-1721), nakubeni oko inxaxheba aliqela kumazwe aseYurophu kunye Ottoman, njengesiqhelo, wawa phezu kwamagxa eRashiya. Le imfazwe enkulu, owenzeka kwikota yokuqala kwenkulungwane XVIII, yaye ngenxa yoko engabizwanga Russian-Swedish ukuba kwakukho macala omabini, hayi kuphela amazwe aseYurophu owayamene kuLwandle lweBaltic. IRussia exit phambi kwezi ziganeko, into leyo eyabathintela ukuba norhwebelwano namazwe aphambili eYurophu, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuba ngokwezoqoqosho.

ukuvimba Swedish

Sweden, ngoko ebhudla koLwandle iBaltic, nangona kwezithuthi yayo kuphela yesine ehlabathini, ke phofu, ngokuba luLwandle North ichibi Swedish. Ukongeza, ndithi kuhle-oxhobele inqaba yayo Noteburg, apho de umsebenzi layo balwa ekuthiwa Nut, ucingo ukufikelela Russian kuphela koLwandle iBaltic phesheya Neva. Inxalenye komhlaba Russian ubudala yalahleka yangaphambili kwiimfazwe ekupheleni XVI - kwekhulu XVII, wahlala ezandleni Swedish. Battle of Cape Gangut kwenzeka kwiminyaka-5 emva kokuba Battle of Poltava, kangangokuba amandla Swedish iye kuphe- kukho ingxaki e eRashiya ubabalo. Noko ke, uloyiso umhlaba nolwandle Russia ebengenakwenza nto phikisa lo lizwe.

Navy ibe

Phambi Peter I Russia wayengekho amandla emanzini, oko kukuthi, yena akazange abe umkhosi wamajoni, kodwa iinqanawa ezimbalwa zakhiwe uyise Petra Velikogo ukuba siphelekwe iinqanawa zabarhwebi kuLwandle lweCaspian. A bahlulwa Azov ngo-1695 wenza i Tsar Russian ngokukodwa nokudalwa kwizithuthi. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, oko yasungulwa wayenothotho motley, equka 1000 amakhuba, 23 imikhumbi kunye neenqanawa ezimbini gun-36, nto leyo babephantsi umyalelo Admiral F. Ya. Leforta ngoJulayi 1696 kwanyanzeleka ikampu ukuba sinikezele Azov. Isiphumo sale loyiso yaba sisigqibo Boyar Duma: "Iinqanawa Naval ukuba 'koko ngo-1702 bawa Noterburg. Ngowe-1703-m wasiwa njengoko zibekwe kwi emlonyeni Neva Nieshants. Sunuvshiesya apha iinqanawa ezimbini Swedish imfazwe phantsi kwekhwapha kusasa enkungwini bahlaselwa izikhephe zokuloba kwaye athathwa banjwa. Operation ekhokelwa uPetros ngokwakhe Menshikov.

Ukwakhiwa iyadi enkulu

Ngowe-1703 uPetros noPawulos Fortress, kunye 1704th baqalisa ukwakha inqaba Kronshlot (Kronstadt) wayebekwe khona. Zonke ezi ziganeko nilangazelela kuliwee-Cape Hanko. Sweden ayenziwanga akashiywanga kwiinzame zabo ekhompyutheni abatshabalalise uPetros Paul Fortress kunye Kronshlot. Kodwa kwawona. Ukumisa ukuzithethelela kunye ekhubekisayo, kwakudingeka ukuba zifake kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ngoko ke, entwasahlobo ka-1713, afike kwi eFinland, umkhosi Russian-16 amawaka abantu sitsala isixeko: yangoku Porvoo (Borgo), Turku (Abo) kunye capital Helsinki (Helsinki). Phakathi Sweden and eRussia kuphela Gulf of Bothnia, embindini siqithi, ezibe Aldan. Russia sele wayeneqela. Iinqanawa yokuqala zakhiwa kule minyaka 1702-1703 kule ndawo yokwakhela, zibekwe emlonyeni syazi River (Lake Ladoga). Kodwa sele ngo 1704 yabeka yokwakhela St. Petersburg Admiralty. Ekusondeleni unyaka kuliwee-Cape Hanko - th 1714.

imigomo

Wabumba iinqanawa bayehla slipway Admiralty zalapho, Navy waya kumkhosi Peter I eFinland. Inkosi yayifuna kuqala ukudlulisela imikhosi kwi siqithi, uze umhlaba eSweden. Imikhumbi kunye scampaways kwi mali lamaqhosha 99, nto leyo eza ngendlu amajoni 15,000 waya Abo, kukho amaziko ingqalelo yomkhosi Russian. Ilungiselela kuphosa phezu Aldan leziqithi ukuze kokwehla. Operation ekhokelwa FM Apraksin. Kodwa kwindawo yomzantsi siqithi, apho kungekudala uza kuliwee-Cape Hanko, indlela baseKapa enamandla, songame inani leenqanawa Russian emkhosini ngokubaxhobisa ndawonye nesinqanawa Swedish.

buchopho Military Peter

Kwi flagship "Elephant" uSekela Admiral Vatrang, phantsi umyalelo we nawa leyo ukuba litshitshiswe Russian, akazange ayithandabuze sempumelelo. Imikhumbi weenqanawa 15 umgca kunye frigates ezintathu iqela elikhulu iinqanawa ekuqhubeni ukuxhathisa kunzima, yaye Apraksin ababengenabo nenkalipho lithemba okanye adventurism Lefort, Menshikov, yaye uPetros esotha, esukela kuyo intshukumo ezimeleyo wala, ukususa ndlela naluphi na uxanduva . Ukuphendula kumyalezo yakhe site kwembambano iza Peter I. Emva Ukuqhelana meko nesimo sendawo kwi odolo oyinganga inxalenye kwaza losingasiqithi Hanko amalungiselelo Perevoloki. UPetros wayefuna ukutsala ezinye iinqanawa zabo kwelinye icala siqithi, uxabele Ezomva kwizithuthi Swedish.

UThixo unathi

Nangona imithi omata, ukulungiselela ukuthuthwa iinqanawa nanini, balwa waba kushenxa eyaziwa. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba uthumela iimpahla Admiral Vatrang 10 (Ezona imikhumbi inqanawa 6 shkerbota 3) umthetho uN Erenshelda ekuhleni kwindawo phezu iinqanawa kwamanzi Russian - in Rilaks Fjord. Kodwa emvelo kwicala Russian, kunye July 26, 1714 umoya siyeka ngokupheleleyo siphephe ngomkhombe Swedish. UPetros wayenothotho yakhe sibheqwayo apho ekuqhubeni bypasses le fleet engundoqo Swedish ifikelela iimpahla Erenshelda kwaye ukubathintela Rilaks Fjord.

Uloyiso yokuqala yolwandle

Battle of Cape Gangut kwenzeke ngoJulayi 27, 1714. Balwa ngokuqiniseka ungafuni ukuya ukuphuma, yaye ukuzama wesithathu (zaye bakucaphukele ezimbini zokuqala, njengoko balwa baba 116 ngemipu nxamnye 23 of Peter) imikhumbi Russian iinqanawa kufutshane kakhulu utshaba wayithimba ababekhwele kweso sikhephe. Emva kokuba izimpi, "Elephant" ( "Elephant") yathinjwa, yaye ezinye lentendelezo yanikezela. ilahleko jikelele Russian yaba bantu 469, ngaye 124 babulawa, leyo wangcwatywa iimbeko ngokupheleleyo, kwaye balwa ezilahlekileyo 700 babulawa yaye 230 yanikela kwemibandela. izithuthi Russian abazange balahlekelwe inqanawa enye, nayo yonke 10 iinkundla Swedish nibe amaxhoba emfazwe. Usekela Admiral Vatrang imikhumbi lihambe liye Stockholm. inkundla Swedish ethukile asuswa kwikomkhulu. amajoni Russian yemizi Aland Nqabakazi, ukusuka apho ebudeni kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo le imipu Northern iMfazwe Russian ebezihamba unxweme Swedish, isenza umonakalo omkhulu.

Le feat oomatiloshe Russian

impi ulwandle off Cape Hanko kunye neziphumo zayo ngokomelezwa kakhulu isigxina Russian eFinland. UPetros wathelekisa Victoria izithuthi yokuqala Russian kwi ngokubaluleka kunye uloyiso Idabi Poltava. Ukumkani Ndathanda isibindi, nesibindi, ukungafihlisi kwethu, umbingelelo nomkhosi wakhe. Imbeko lo Victoria uzukileyo kubalwa mbasa ngenxa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, oko safumana amagosa 144 namajoni 2813 kunye namagosa non-ethunywe. Battle of Cape Gangut kwenzeke ngoJulayi 27, 1714 kwaye lo mhla engandiswanga uluhlu lwe sezakhiwo iingalo Russia. imibhiyozo ezimibala ebizayo ukuba bamakishe uloyiso yokuqala zithuthi Russian kwenzeka eSt Petersburg ngomhla Septemba 9. Kwakukho imisitho ezimbini. Sokuqala senzeka kwizitrato ikomkhulu phantsi yintswahla yemivuyo yabemi.

iholide enkulu

Okokuqala, kwi Neva wangena umkhoko, kuqulethe iinqanawa abathinjiweyo Swedish, elikhokelwa imikhumbi ezintathu Russian. Le shautbeynahta umphathi kuhamba Petra Mihaylova (alias Petros I) ilandelwe iimpahla kuthinjwa, imikhumbi amajoni amabini wavala nendlwana. Ngu ekuhleni ukuba iiflegi lolwandle yaye amabanjwa, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Erenshildt, ithwalwa kwaye eyayibanjelwe esixekweni. Le Umngcelele wawuqondiswa kwi- Arc de Triomphe. Ngaphezu kwayo kumi umboniso apho ukhozi wayibamba ngasemva wendlovu. Lo mbhalo funda: "ukhozi Russian na iimpukane ukubamba." Phantsi elephant ibeke flagship "Elephant." amanyathelo yesinxibo yaqhubeka iNdlu yeeNgwevu, apho indawo aluhlaza knyaz- "uKesare" Romodanovsky yamkele shautbeynahta Petra Mihaylova mazwi: "Molo, uSekela Admiral" Ngoko ke uPetros lokuQala lawongwa le isihloko apho wafumana engange-2240 ngonyaka.

Formation of Empire

Kodwa akukho ngaphezu noko Northern War. Battle off Cape Hanko yafakwa kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo imicimbi zomkhosi maritime, yaba uloyiso lokuqala. yesibini ngobukhulu kwaye uzimisele isekelwe phezu fleet IMfazwe Enkulu Northern Viktoriya Petrovskogo ihlileyo, kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoJulayi 27, kodwa sele ngo-1720. Oyise e Grengam esiqithini. Ngeli xesha, iRashiya iye enkulu amandla maritime ndawonye nesinqanawa esithe nkqi gidi. Kwaye phambi kokuphela Enkulu Northern War ngo-1716 kuLwandle lweBaltic baba uhlela, ebandakanya iinqanawa 84 ukusuka kumazwe eBaltic. iinqanawa 21 fanele eRashiya. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uPetros I yathatyathwa amandla lweBaltic esasihamba omkhulu wamajoni, kunye nelungelo umyalelo butho emanyeneyo of British, IsiDutch, iinqanawa Danish kunye Russian waphathiswa kuye. Battle off Cape Hanko kunye siqithi Grengam wazisa waduma ehlabathini lonke eRashiya kunye nokunakana nabamelwane balo, igunya enkulu olwandle.