Imali World: ubunjani bawo umsebenzi

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, imali ihlabathi wanikela intlawulo yeempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kwilizwe lasemzini. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba isiseko izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Kangangethuba elide imali yehlabathi iye kuchazwe intsimbi, oko kukuthi, abo ingqalelo kuphela iingqekembe yesinyithi, ingakumbi ezenziwe iintlobo anqabileyo.

Kodwa ngendaleko lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho ayenza njengesiseko imali bema, ngenxa engafanelekanga yaye kubize. Yiyo loo nto yaba ngumba wamkelekile imali yephepha, imveliso leyo eninzi kangako, kodwa ke ixabiso Oku lifinyele.

Okwangoku, imali ehlabathini - ke imali esetyenziswa kweentengiselwano ngamazwe. Yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi US dollar, ngoko ke euro yen yaseJapan. Kwangaxeshanye, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba dollar US akayi kuba nako ukugcina indawo ayo aphambili ngenxa yeentlekele. Kungenzeka, kwishumi leminyaka endaweni ngaye lo yuan Chinese. Kodwa nangona eli yangaphambili kuphela ngezoqoqosho kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

imali yehlabathi Modern uthathe ezi fom zilandelayo:

1. Imali, kaninzi kusetyenziswa ulwalamano ngetyala. Ngaphambilana kule fomu baba eyilwayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo engxakini ukuba akaba nako ukukhonza njengendlela yokubala kweentengiselwano kunye namaqabane angaphandle. Kwaye kunye nokudalwa yesizwe imali mboleko kunye nokuzimisela iiyunithi ezithile ukusetyenziswa kwemali yamazwe ngamazwe ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ilula kakhulu.
2. lwemali International, nesetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho imali akazange akwazi ukuphumelela lobuntshatsheli kwi US dollar. amathemba Great ethu kulo kwi-euro lwemali kumazwe aseYurophu. Kodwa ke, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, idola yaseMerika yona phezu kwendawo kwaye akukho analogs.
3. Kakhulu kutshanje kwabonakala ifomu, njengokuba Isaci. Yokuba a non-cash imali esetyenziswa zokuhlala kunye batyalayo amazwe. Njengoko la maxwebhu ungahlula iileta ngetyala, imali odolo, iitsheki, izibambiso, amanqaku promissory.

Ukongezelela, imali ihlabathi uzalisekisa imisebenzi ethile.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba wokuqala yonke imali lwehlabathi ukwenza imisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela isivumelwano kumazwe awahlukeneyo ubukhulu becala kuthityazwa imfuneko ukuguqula kwemali, okt ukubalwa imisebenzi efunekayo isivumelwano ezongezelelweyo kwi lwemali ethile. Kuthi kwakufika imali yehlabathi abadlali kwezoqoqosho bakwazi ukusebenzisa setoff ngamabango macala kunye namatyala, kwaye ahlawule imali eseleyo ekufanele ihlawulwe. Okwangoku, le imisebenzi aqhelekile, kunye neebhanki zorhwebo ezinkulu ukuphumeza imicimbi yemihla ngemihla okulawula.

Kodwa ukongeza kwezoqoqosho, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye umsebenzi kwezopolitiko imali yehlabathi. Basimisela isixhobo isebenza ukuphumeza iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, iimali-mboleko phakathi karhulumente, kwezinye iimeko enyanzela amazwe okuboleka lebyinene na isenzo ngokunxamnye nezilangazelelo zabo. Kwaye ezinye ezi amaqela amakhulu ezopolitiko ska ku amalungu vice lombutho, nabafuna ukuba ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezimali States abafumana ubunzima okwethutyana.

Ngokunxulumene sokungagqibeki neentlekele, amanye amaqumrhu zoqoqosho nangoku uthembe igolide kuphela kunye nezinye amatye anqabileyo. Kwaye oku kuyaqondakala, ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide kwaba lwemali ihlabathi ongatshatanga sele ezinkozo zegolide. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaba ukubana of International Settlements, kwaye endaweni yi currency nzima (okt, dollar okanye euro). Ukuba ngaphambili kwaba malunga ne-80% yabo negolide, kodwa ngoku lo mzobo yehlile kakhulu kwaye akukho ngaphezulu kwe-17% kwi-mali ebekelwe bucala kumazwe. Elidityaniswe kunye nophuhliso iintlawulo ikheshi, kunye nokwehla ngumntu kwixabiso zegolide inxalenye lamazwe phambili.