F. Kafka "Inguqu": isishwankathelo, uhlalutyo, ncomo

Vladimir Nabokov lexi yakhe ebalulekileyo, "" Inguqu "Frantsa Kafki", wathi: "Ukuba i" Inguqu "Kubonakala Kafka umntu into ngaphezu maphupho entomological, mna ndivuyisane naye yokuba zahlangana zabafundi okulungileyo enkulu ' . Lo msebenzi ufanele ngokuqinisekileyo status yalo njengelinye indalo mkhulu zoncwadi kwaye mzekelo ubalaseleyo ngqondweni yombhali.

Book (Franz Kafka, "Inguqu") ubalisa ibali yamntu mnye, Gregor Samsa, ngubani uvuka ngenye intsasa kwaye wabona ukuba eyaguqukayo yaba izinambuzane enkulu.

inguqu Instant kwaye kunzima ka Gregor, kwakunye umxube lweziqalelo zokuhlala kunye fantastic ukwenza oku ngathi ibali iphupha ngokumangalisayo zikholeleke.

Reviews umgxeki

Ezipapashwe-1912, imveliso iye yabangela iirivyu elingumxube nabagxeki. Kubafundi ziye zaphawula ukuba i "Inguqu" - enye imisebenzi ambalwa Kafka wafuna ukupapasha. Emva kokufa kwakhe, umdla bali phezulu kakhulu. Abahlalutyi wabhala malunga nokuqulethwe weendawo wemveliso, ezinye ikuqaphele ngokoqobo kwinoveli, nokuchasanisa ibali fantastic ngokupheleleyo yotshintsho Gregor ezinambuzaneni. Stanley Korngold waphawula ukuba akukho ukufunda olunye akukhethi macala onke, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha Ndifuna ukufunda isixa esikhulu ukugxekwa malinikelwe kulo msebenzi, ukuze baqonde ngcono oko.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba inoveli "Inguqu" (Franz Kafka), uhlalutyo apho kucetywa ukuba ingqalelo yakho, uveza ingcamango wokupheliswa bavakalelwa ngumbhali ngelo xesha.

Akazange baseJamani kuphela abahlala kwikomkhulu Czech yasePrague, kodwa umYuda ngexesha konya anti-kwamaJuda. Kafka naye wayeziva uxinzelelo kuyise, owayefuna ukuba silandele emkhondweni wakhe waza waba usomashishini. Le nguqu engaqhelekanga ibe sisinambuzane kaninzi kubonwa nje ngenxa osetekenini iimvakalelo umbhali bohlukaniswe kwaye unganelangal. Kweli bali, unako kwakhona ubona nje lo kohlanga, ingakumbi Ngenkohlakalo. Nangona umbhali wafa ngowe-1924, xa iziganeko eziphambili Ngenkohlakalo ungaluqalanga, amaninzi amalungu entsapho Kafka kamva ubunzima kulo.

Okunye abagxeki ndafumana umsebenzi ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi uSigmund Freud, Karla Marksa, Fridriha Nitsshe, ucinga "Inguqu" ibe nentsingiselo yokomfuziselo izimvo ezintsonkothileyo bulumko lula. impixano Gregor kunye notata wakhe, yaye oku ndabona ngathi ibali phupha kudla kuthelekiswa ngokwemiqathango kwithiyori Freud ngayo amaphupha kwaye i Oedipus ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokwembono yokungakwazi Marxism Gregor ukuba ukusebenza ibonwa nje logwayimbo ngenkohlakalo kwaye nengenabuntu yabasebenzi kuluntu zongxowankulu kunye neziphumo yatshabalalisa ngamnye. Abanye iqokobhe embi hero nje ukwala categorical ukuthobela imilinganiselo Gregor kunye namabango oluntu, afana superman Nietzschean.

F. Kafka "Inguqu": Isishwankathelo

Ngenye intsasa Gregor uvuka kwaye uzifumanisa nomfanekiselo izinambuzane enkulu.

Ukuzama ukufunda ukulawula umzimba wakhe omtsha, uchitha ixesha elininzi kwaye uyaqonda ukuba ufika emva kwexesha emsebenzini (umsebenzi umthengisi ohambahambayo Gregor). Ukuzama ayirhole ebhedini, enkqonkqoza emnyango, kuqala unina, ngoko uyise wakhe nodadewabo.

Utyelelo le abakhulu

Intloko Gregor livela kwi-ofisi ukufumana izizathu engekho emsebenzini. Nangona abazali axoxe ukuba anilawule, kunye nodade wam lodandulukayo igumbi elilandelayo, Gregor sneaks emnyango egumbini lakhe, ayivule, kwaye uya kuma phambi kwabo, eyothusayo wonke kunye nomfanekiso wakhe omtsha. Unina hero yeyela nabasemabeleni, kunye nentloko bebamb aphelelwe indlu.

UYise ubamba iphephandaba kunye nentloko udondolo ezama ukubamba Gregor, yahamba ngeenxa kwigumbi lokuphumla kunye naye. UTshawe ekupheleni uyakwazi ukufumana ukuya emnyango egumbini lakhe, kodwa yena lixinga emnyango. UYise pushes igumbi Gregor aze avale ucango emva kwakhe.

Yintoni ngakumbi kuboniswe kwinoveli "Inguqu" Franz Kafka? Ushwankathe- bayaqhubeka esweni iziganeko.

Edidekile yokothuka ngesebe omtsha ezoyikekayo, Gregor kunye nosapho lwakhe ngokuthe sokuvalwa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokhathalelo. Ngoko ke, kwiiveki neenyanga ezizayo. Nangona ophambili efunda malunga nokuba nako umzimba wakhe entsha uthando lwakhe entsha ukutya ezibolileyo, Greta, udade wabo, ithatha unonophelo umntakwabo - feeds kabini ngemini kunye negumbi ahlambuluke.

lungisa impahla

Xa Greta ufumanisa ukuba Gregor uyakuthanda ukukhasa ngeenxa egumbini, kuquka iindonga kunye nophahla. Uxelela umama wakhe, yaye isigqibo sokuba iqalise le ifenitshala ukusuka kwigumbi lakhe lokulala ukunika isithuba ukuba Gregor. Ukuba phambi uTshawe isoloko uzimele, xa umntu weza kwelo gumbi, kodwa eli xesha ukuzama ukuthintela ingcamango izalamane zakhe, ukhwela umfanekiso eludongeni.

Xa abafazi kungena kwigumbi, unina ubona Gregor kunye ilangazelela. Greta ubaleka egumbini lokuhlala zisizisa iyeza, kwaye hero yethu lulandelayo udade wayo, ukuzama ukunceda. Xa ujikeleze usinge, ibona Gregor kunye ukothuka uyagoduka egumbini. Ukhathazekile, ivele ngeenxa igumbi lokuhlala kude, kwada, ndidiniwe, iwela phezu kwetafile, emi phakathi egumbini.

inxeba

Emva kwexesha elithile uyise ubuyela ekhaya. Greta wamxelela into eyenzekileyo. Uyise Gregor ngobudlongodlongo ukufuna kwigumbi lokuhlala baphosa apile kuye. Omnye kubo gusha yeyela hero umva, ezikhubazayo naye. Ngesiquphe, unina ubaleka ngaphandle lokulala kwaye ifuna uyise onga Gregor.

Ukuze baphilise inxeba, uTshawe wathabatha inyanga. Umnyango wegumbi Gregor xa kwavuleka ngokuhlwa, yaye bagcine imisebenzi ngokuhlwa usapho ngokwesiqhelo. Nangona uyise dozing iimpahla zokusebenza zakhe bhanki, unina uthungela yangaphantsi kunye Greta befunda yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kunye nesiFrentshi. Intsapho baqesha linenekazi omtsha wokucoca, umhlolokazi endala, ababesoloko ukhuluma Gregor. Abazali bagqiba ekubeni bathathe kubalimi bakhe abathathu, ukuba ngandlel ' ukwenza ikati eziko.

ukufa

Ngobunye ubusuku, abahlali wamema Greta ukudlala ivayolin kwigumbi labo. Gregor gqitha ngemidlalo ukukhasa ekunene kwi phakathi kwelo gumbi, singaqondanga ukubanjwa ngoxa emehlweni abaphulaphuli. Xa efika kuqala bedidekile yaye abahlali bankwantya ndivakalisa ukuba uzimisele ukuhamba uphume apha ngosuku olulandelayo, ngaphandle irenti. Emva kokuba asuswe, intsapho bhunga ukuba mabenze ntoni elandelayo. Greta uyagxininisa ukuba Gregor ukuze buncothulwe ngalo naliphi na iindleko. hero yethu, ngelo xesha nangoku wayelele phakathi kwelo gumbi, waya egumbini lakhe lokulala. Belambile, udiniwe yaye bedidekile, wafa kusasa ngosuku olulandelayo.

Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva koko eli nenekazi zokucoca ubhaqa isidumbu Gregor kwaye yazisa ukufa kwakhe usapho. Emva kokuhamba entsapho kubalimi ugqiba ukuba athathe usuku angayi ndiye lizwe. Ngoko iphela ibali "Inguqu" Franz Kafka. Ushwankathe- yakhe nje ukufunda.

Uhlobo - ngokoqobo zobugqi, kwimpucuko

Lo msebenzi, eyapapashwa ngo-1915, ngowe-1912, wabhala uFranz Kafka. "Inguqu", isishwankathelo nizibambise ukufunda, iba uhlobo loncwadi modernist. Okumiselwe Gregor, umthengisi ohambahambayo engasese, uveza inkxalabo jikelele malunga nefuthe kupheliswa modernist, ebonakala kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Njengoko kwezinye imisebenzi olu hlobo, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe "umsinga osezingqondweni" ezibonisa kwingcingane entsonkothileyo ophambili. Tale "Inguqu" - incwadi (F. Kafka), nayo nobhaliweyo mihla ngokoqobo zobugqi , kunye yokubeka ecaleni layo ngeziganeko kwamnandi nenyani.

Ixesha kunye nendawo

Kunzima kuthi kanye ngexesha apho iziganeko zebali kwenzeka (Kafka, "Inguqu"). Umxholo Quick na ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nexesha elichanileyo kunye nendawo amanyathelo, ayenzi kulinika wena, kunye nomsebenzi ngokwawo. Le ngxelo ayisichazeli akhombe kwindawo ethile ngokwezelizwe kunye nomhla oluthile. Ngaphandle imeko yokugqibela, xa Samsas aye ngaphandle kwedolophu, yonke intshukumo eyenzeka kwigumbi labo. Le indlu zihoyi izitrato ezixakekileyo zomzi kunye esibhedlele ngapha kwesitrato, ibekwe kufuphi window lokulala Gregor. Kuyabonakala ukuba, indlu ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko. Yena ngokwakhe kakhulu uNothozamile.

Engena phakathi igumbi yabazali kunye Greta, igumbi Gregor kaThixo ezikufutshane ukuya kwigumbi lokuphumla. Ukucutha isithuba ibali indlu, umbhali ubethelela ukuba Ukuqhela ophambili, ukuba wedwa wakhe kuluntu.

ubuntu Gregor esithi: uhlalutyo. ( "Inguqu", Kafka)

Makhe sijonge amadoda amabini eziqhelekileyo abaselula. Akukho namnye kubo awabelwa i ubukrelekrele okhethekileyo, ubuhle okanye ubutyebi. Mhlawumbi uthi ukuba ngandlel igwala. Apha zombini uvuka ngenye imini kwaye ngesiquphe baqonde ukuba isakhono kwezinambuzane ...

Omnye wabo uba wamaqhawe (Spider-Man). Laloyisa ababi. Ibhinqa azuze. Kulula ukuba banyuka amade yisuti yakhe yophawu, ebangela baziswa kwabanye.

Yintoni enye, Gregor Samsa, ebalisa ibali (F. Kafka, "Inguqu"), isishwankathelo apho sele ufunde nje? Lowo uhlala immured egumbini atye inkunkuma. Intsapho yakhe indiva Gregor, ukuba azenzeki ezantsi ezikhohlakeleyo. Ezimdaka, loo nkunkuma imvuthuluka, aqhawukayo elilolo. Yiloo ndlela ubomi bam iphela ingloriously hero kwebali "yeNguqu" (Kafka). Ukuphonononga Eli bali impikiswano kakhulu ...

Ukuguqulwa Gregor njengoko vukele kunye abangaqhelekanga, ukuba engathandi ufuna ukujikela elidlulileyo xa bezama ukuphendula umbuzo oko kwakhokelela ekubeni into yokuba guy rhoqo kangaka ingloriously yaphela ubomi bakhe, ewatyhutyhile ukuguquka okunjalo. Kafka ncomo sikabani imisebenzi bebesoloko ingacaci kakhulu, yaye eli xesha akazange ukunika impendulo ecacileyo malunga izizathu ithuba elilelakhe enje iziganeko kubomi beqhawe, eshiya umda ebanzi nabagxeki yeengcinga. umsebenzi abamthandi, imfuneko ukuxhasa intsapho, unxunguphalo ebomini bakhe buqu - konke oku, Kakade, kakhulu mnandi, kodwa akwanelanga ukuba ngokuba le meko ezinganyamezelekiyo. iingxaki Common umntu avareji, akunjalo na? Nkqu sengqondo Gregor ngayo yayo yeenguqu iyakungqina oku. Kunokuba siziphendule ngesikhundla sakhe esitsha, uTshawe likhathazekile, ukwenzela ukuba angafiki emva kwexesha emsebenzini. Oku kubonisa ngqo Franz Kafka ( "Conversion"). imveliso Isishwankathelo Jonga ngasentla.

nezici ezintsha

Kodwa ngalisayo eliphakathi Gregor wabonakalaliswa ngokuphathelele kule meko, akuthinteli ukuba uvule ezinye iziphiwo umzimba wakhe omtsha. indawo Fantastic, eyaba kuye yenyaniso entsha, ukhuthaza Gregor ibonisa khona kwawo njengoko yena zange ndicinge, ukuba inxaxheba yesiqhelo ishishini ngemihla.

Kakade ke, ekuqaleni kwesi sikhundla akubangeli nto kodwa uzothekile, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe bavula ngokwakho izakhono, uTshawe uqalisa ukuziva uyolo, uvuyo, nkqu amava simbona osenyanyeni, ukubhekisela bulumko Zen. Kwanaxa Gregor ukuwathuthumbisa ixhala, zendalo pulses umzimba kwezinambuzane ndimzise isiqabu. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena uziva uthando intsapho yakhe. Ngubani na iqhawe alibonakali kanje le ndoda bendidla - umthengisi ubomi enerisekanga, njengoko sibona ekuqaleni kwimbali Gregor. Nangona imeko yangaphandle ulusizana, kubonakala yabantu ngakumbi kwaye nobuntu ngaphezu nabanye abalinganiswa ebalini.

owazisa

Asiyi, kunjalo, ukuwafihla Isiphelo sakhe. Ibali lika "Inguqu" Kafka iphela phezulu Gregor uyafa ngohlobo isinambuzane, wazigquma udoti. Sibe nokuba angcwatywe kakuhle. Bayahlelwa mfiliba hero, uhlalutyo ( "Inguqu" Kafka wabhala, ukuze nawuphi na umfundi akakwazi ukunceda ukucinga bayahlelwa Gregor) evulwa iingenelo ubomi engaqhelekanga nasekusweleni ekufuneka ukubanyamezela abo ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngenxa yesizathu esithile zanyanzeleka ukuba ziyishiye ukusuka ubomi eluntwini.