Umfanekiso Kabakov Ilya. Umdwebi u-Ilya Kabakov: umzobo "I-Beetle"

Umculi odumileyo waseSoviet neRussia eWest u-Ilya Kabakov. Imifanekiso yakhe ngoku iboniswe kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye iindleko zabo minyaka yonke ziya phezulu. Ukudumisa kwafika kumphathi emva kwee-1980s emva kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphambi kokuba le Kabakov iphile ngonaphakade kwi-USSR, umthombo oyintloko wengeniso yakhe yimizekelo yeencwadi zezingane. Imifanekiso, eyabangela udumo kunye nenhlanhla, wabhala ebusheni bakhe, kodwa wayengenakukwazi ukuqonda umsebenzi wakhe kwiLizwe lamaSoviet.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Umculi u-Ilya Kabakov, onobudwebo obuthathwe ngabantu abacebile kakhulu emhlabeni, wazalelwa eDnepropetrovsk ngo-1933. Intsapho yakhe yayisisigxina: uyise, uJoseph Bentsionovich, wayesebenza njengomatshini, kunye nonina, u-Bella Yudelevna, njengomgcini-akhawunti. Xa kuqalwe iMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic, uyise wenkwenkwe waya ngaphambili, waza wathathwa waya e-Uzbekistan nonina (Samarkand). Lapha, ukususela ngowe-1943, waqala ukufunda umzobo kwisikolo sobugcisa esisebenza kunye neZiko loPainting, umfanekiso wesakhiwo kunye ne-Architecture, eyasuswa eLeningrad. Phindela. Kabakov wafunda eSamarkand iminyaka emi-2. Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe ngo-1945, inkwenkwe enetalente yathunyelwa kwisikolo se-secondary school eMoscow (MSHSh). Emva kokugqitywa kuyo, wangena kwi-Surikov Institute kwisebe lemifanekiso (wayengumfundi ukususela ngo-1951 ukuya ku-1957).

Ubunono ngaphambi nangemva kokufuduka

Umtsalane omncinci wasebenza njengomboniso weencwadi kwindlu yokushicilela "Detgiz" (kamva yabizwa ngokuthi "Iincwadi Zabantwana"), zasebenzisana namaphephancwadi "uMurzilka", "Imifanekiso Ehlekisayo", "I-Kid". Ngeli xesha, imifanekiso yokuqala yeKabakov Ilya, ebhaliwe nguye kwindlela yokuzondla kunye nokukhutshwa, kubonakala. Ngama-1960, udibanisa neengcali zabaculi abachasayo, kwaye indalo yakhe iya kwimbonakaliso yangaphandle e-Aquill, kamva yaziswa kwiVenice, eLondon, eCologne. Ukongeza kwimizobo, umbhali waqala ukufaka ngokutsha ufakelo. U-Ilya Iosifovich wamkela isibonelelo sokuqala samazwe ngamazwe ngo-1987. Ngonyaka kamva, umculi wanikezelwa ngutitshala nguMphathiswa weNkcubeko yaseFransi, kwaye ngo-1989, emva kokufumana imali kwi-German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), wasuka waya eBerlin kwaye ukususela apho akazange asebenze ekhaya .

Emva kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe, ihlabathi lonke lafunda malunga nomculi u-Ilya Kabakov. Imifanekiso, iifoto ezibonakalayo kule mpapasho, zabangela ingqungquthela yangempela phakathi kwabalandeli bendalo. Ingqungquthela yodumo lwenkosi yayiyiminyaka yama-1990: ngelo xesha wayenemibukiso emininzi kumazwe amaninzi. ERashiya, imisebenzi yomculi yaqala ukubonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo kuma-2000. EmaNtshonalanga namhlanje, ummeli omkhulu wezobuSoviet neRussia ubugcisa ngokukodwa nguKabakov Ilya Iosifovich. Imizobo yakhe yaboniswa kwimiboniso "yaseRashiya", egcinwe kwiMyuziyam yaseGuggenheim, ecaleni kweemifanekiso zeAndrei Rublev, ezisebenza nguMalevich, Bryullov, Repin. Emva koko, igunya lomculi landa ngakumbi.

"Shower"

Yintoni eyabangela umdla wabathandi bezobugcisa uKabakov Iliya? Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka uqwalasele imisebenzi emininzi yenkosi, ephathelene namaxesha ahlukeneyo wobomi bakhe. Ngowe-1964, ngaphantsi kwesandla somculi kwavela uluhlu lwepeyinti ebizwa ngokuthi "Shower." Ngomnyaka kamva, le mizobo yathunyelwa kwimbonakaliso e-Italy, ngenxa yokuba u-Ilya Iosifovich wayenengxabano enkulu kunye nabaphathi baseSoviet. Kwimifanekiso umlobi ubonisa indoda leyo, emele phantsi kwebhadi, ihlala isomile. Amanzi, athululela ngaphandle kokunisela, atyhila umntu malunga nempompo, amaphiko, idome kunye namanye amanani anzima, kodwa akathinti umzimba wakhe. Abagxeki baseNtshona bathi u-Kabakov Iliya udwebo lwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-USSR, kodwa umculi ngokwakhe uthi uvele wambesa umntu ohlala ebomini bakhe bonke.

Imvelaphi yendalo yokwakha

Ngasekuqaleni kwee-1970, isitayela se "Moscow Conceptualalism" savela kwezobugcisa baseSoviet, omnye wabasunguli bayo ngumculi u-Ilya Kabakov. Imizobo yombhali kweli xesha liyi-parody ye-bureaucracy eye yafaka zonke iindawo zobomi baseSoviet. Umsebenzi kaKabakov "Iimpendulo zeQela leNgqungquthela" (1972) liphawulekayo, apho yonke itafile yombutho ihlanganiswe neetafile ezidweliswe ngesandla. Kulo, wonke ummi waseSoviet akayena umntu onemivakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, kodwa kuphela igama, igama lokuqala kunye negama lomnxeba kwikholam.

I-conceptualalism yaseMoscow yafumana ukuqhubeka kwayo emsebenzini "Ishedyuli yokususwa kwenkunkuma" (1980). Lapha i-Kabakov, kunye nokuhlekwa kwayo, ibonisa ubomi baseSoviet. Ukukhutshwa kweBhakethi kubantu abahlala kwindlu yokuhlala, umculi akasinikanga njengento efunekayo imihla ngemihla, kodwa njengomthetho wonke ongenakuphulwa.

Ngokumalunga nomntu ojikeleza kwi-space ukusuka kwigumbi lakhe elincinci

Ngama-1980, uKabakov Ilya Iosifovich wayelokhu ebonisa ukunganeliseki kwakhe ngobomi baseSoviet. Imizobo yakhe kunye nokufakela kwaye kwaziwa ngokubanzi nakwamanye amazwe kwaye bafumanisa ukuba bayaziwayo apho, ngelixa bahlala ezweni lakubo beyazi malunga nomculi kuphela kumacangca amancinci. Ngowe-1982-1986 uKabakov wasebenza ekubunjweni "Umntu Oya kwiSithuba sakhe kwiGumbi lakhe". Xa kufakwa, ukuhlula phakathi kwamathuba amancinci omntu omncinci kunye namaphupha akhe kulandelwa ngokucacileyo. Emva kokuba enze i- aircraft yangaphambili ukusuka kwindlela ephuculweyo, umlingiswa obalaseleyo woluhlu lwabaleka engaziwayo, ephula intloko yelitye legumbi lakhe elincinci. Emva kokufuduka kweKabakov kwacaca ukuba kwindoda yalomntu umculi ubonakalisa ngokwakhe, ngubani othe wahamba e-Union.

Imizobo kaKabakov "I-Beetle" kunye ne "Inombolo ye-Suite"

Ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe ukuya eWest kwazisa u-Ilya Iosifovich kungekuphela nje udumo lwehlabathi lonke, kodwa kunye nelizwe elomeleleyo. Ngo-2007, kwi-auction Phillips de Pury, umzobo wakhe "I-Suite" (ngo-1981), uthengiswa malunga nama-$ 4 yezigidi, wamenza umdwebi waseRashiya onqabileyo kakhulu emva kwexesha lempi. Umlobi wabhala yakhe ingcweti kwisiqwenga seplywood. Kulo, i-Kabakov ibonisa igumbi lehotele elibhekiselele elinesithambatho esithambileyo, itafile yekhofi kunye nesethi yeTV. Ngaphambili kweso sithombe, umculi wabeka ulwazi malunga nokuhamba ngebhasi kuLwandle oluMnyama. Le nombolo, idibene kunye nokuphumla kuLwandle oluMnyama, yayingumda wephupha lommi waseSoviet.

Ngonyaka ka-2008 u-Ilya Kabakov waphinda wakhanga umdla weendaba. Umzobo othi "I-Beetle", ebhalwe nguye ngo-1982, wawuthengiswa phantsi kwesando nge-$ 5.84 yezigidi. Ngaloo ndlela, umculi usethe irekhodi entsha yexabiso lemisebenzi yakhe. Kulo mfanekiso, u-Ilya Iosifovich, umfanekiso osondeleyo webhungane eliqaqambileyo, ehleli eluhlaza. Inxalenye engezantsi yengubo yayihlotshiswe ngombongo wobuntwana malunga nenambuzane. Intsingiselo yombongo uyinto elula: umntwana ufumene i-beetle enobungqoqo ekuqokeleleni kwakhe, kodwa uzama ukuzikhulula. Kodwa i-Kabakov ayiyi kuba yedwa xa engazange ibeke intsingiselo ejulile kule ngqungquthela ye-nursery elula. I-beetle, ezama ukuphunyuka ezandleni zenkwenkwe, kungekuphela nje ukulungelelanisa ubomi bakhe, umntu unokuvakalelwa isikhundla esicacileyo sesigxina somntu, ukungafuni ukuba yingxenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ethile yokuqokelela.

Batshati Kabakov

Kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukudweba kwe-Kabyav ku-Ilya kudibene nepeyinti yexesha laseRussia. Namhlanje umculi uhlala eNew York. Ngo-1989 watshata. Ingumfazi we-Ilya Iosifovich oboleka kakhulu kwimpumelelo yakhe, kuba usebenza ekulawuleni imicimbi yezemali kunye nemibutho yemiboniso. Ukongezelela, u-Emilia (umfazi) ngumbhali-mbhali wezinto ezininzi zobugcisa. Ngo-2012, umsebenzi odibeneyo we-"Ship of Polerance" abatshatileyo bafumana isihloko seprojekthi engcono kakhulu yonyaka kwaye banikezwa umvuzo weCartier.

Njengabalingani abaninzi, u-Ilya Kabakov (umculi) akafumananga ukuvuma kwilizwe lakhe. Imifanekiso (umfanekiso wezinye zazo zichazwe kwinqaku) eNtshona zihlanganiselwe ngentshiseko yintlalo eqhubekayo kwaye yanikezela umbhali wabo indawo efanelekileyo kuloluhlu lwabapapashi abaziwayo.