Ubume weseli zezityalo

Ubume weseli zezityalo wahlukile kancinane ukusuka izakhiwo cellular lesilwanyana. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwindlela yobomi leyehlukile izityalo ngendlela namandla - ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa zonke izinto yemifuno ezi autotrophs, kwaye ezinako zokubumba ezabo izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezingaphiliyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi izinto eziphilayo akhiwa photosynthesis. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kuphela oxygen secreted yi eceleni yokusabela photosynthesis.

Iseli yezityalo: isakhiwo yeqokobhe

Ukuba udonga iseli isiqina - le yenye iimpawu plant cells. Ngoko cinga isakhiwo plant cells kuyimfuneko nalo eli candelo. Esi sakhiwo kudala ukhuseleko ngoomatshini ehlabathini protoplast. Ngaphezu koko, udonga luhlobo ion imvelaphi, kunye isithintelo antibacterial. Thina ukubunjwa shell kuphela zamabanga inokubonakalisa iiseli abaselula. Awona macandelo aphambili ngesakhiwo kukho imicu kwincindi, isiHindi kunye pectin. Yona Ebubanzini, kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, eli nani liya kwahluka.

Xa inkqubo ebalulekileyo eludongeni seli ukuze izokhula. udonga lesibini nelesithathu Ukwakheka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa maleko ezilandelelanayo ukuba iqokobhe zaseprayimari. Lidla kukho yokulahlwa kwe-lignin okanye suberin kwi nemingxuma phakathi kwimicu neselulosi - ngoko ke iseli akakwazi ukukhula okanye ukwandisa.

Ubume weseli zezityalo: izinto ezisisiseko protoplast

iseli Protoplast iqulathe inucleus, ukuba kukho icytoplasm, kunye nezinye organelles. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba organelles iseli lungohlulwa lube inwebu and non-ndizayo.

Le kukho icytoplasm sisixokelelwano multicomponent apho kukho amanyathelo asisiseko ukutya kunye nezithuthi. Le kukho icytoplasm iqulethe uthungelwano microfilament iziyobisi - iiproteni ezingcakacileyo ezinezikhondo, obe ubaqhiphukisa intshukumo kwezakhiwo. Apha kukho microtubules kunye centrioles, aqukiweyo mitotic kwicandelo cell.

Elinye iqela organelles ezibalulekileyo - a ribosome, nto leyo isakhiwo non-ndizayo. ribosome nganye iqulathe subunits ezincinane nezinkulu. Ubukhulu becala, ezi organelles kukho nto yimbi ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu protein ezintsonkothileyo RNA ethile ribosomal. izakhiwo ezinjalo ayabandakanyeka kakhulu ngakwicala leeprothini yokuqaphela.

Ubume be-plant cells: abalinganiswa of organelles ndizayo

Uninzi amacandelo weseli zezityalo iquka inwebu.

Core - iqumrhu encinane ungqukuva okanye side equka nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin kunye nemvulophu yenyukliya. Eyona umsebenzi ngumongo - ukudluliselwa kolwazi yemfuza, kunye RNA yokuqaphela.

reticulum Endoplasmic yinkqubo yemijelo kunye namatanki. Kukho EPS granular (ubuso layo ligutyungelwe ribosomes) kunye EPS egudileyo. Umsebenzi weli organelle nto zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngaba kuhlelwe phezu kumacandelo ribosomes protein leyo ke wahlolwa loyamano sele EPS matanki. Ngaphezu koko, isakhiwo onoxanduva ukuthuthwa kwezinto.

Vacuole - Isakhiwo ndizayo equlethe iseli incindi. Le organelle ugcina intsalela osmotic kwaye inika turgor iseli. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphakathi vacuole baqokelela izinto ezingeyomfuneko ukuba ngoko nge ukuyilwa maqamza betekisi ngaphandle. Ngamanye amaxesha kwiseli incindi izinto yachithwa replacement luncedo.

Plastids - yinxalenye weseli zezityalo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba thaca chloroplasts. Plastids luqulathe amaqokobhe ezimbini, le Buze engaphakathi ukwenza - thylakoids. Iqulethe ngombala ukukhanya-onovakalelo. Kungenxa kule chloroplasts wenza iinkqubo ezinjalo ezibalulekileyo photosynthesis.

Le organelles cell sityalo enye - yi mitochondria (inoxanduva yokuphefumla neeselula), izixhobo Golgi (inika ngokutsha kunye nezothutho kwezinto phakathi kwiiseli).

Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu ziphambili ubume lomthiyiseli ebonakalayo - akanayo inkqubo iseli eludongeni, vacuole kunye plastids.