Funicular - lulwandle iimvakalelo. wenza njani aneziporo: ifowuni, ubude, ukuphakama. Le aneziporo idumileyo e Kiev, Vladivostok, Prague ne Barcelona

Abahlali kwezinye izixeko ehlabathini unokuqhayisa ukuba ezweni lokuzalwa ezinika zabo ezifana aneziporo. Oku nje isithuthi. It ngokuzithemba kothiwa ndanditsaleleka apho umsebenzi zokuphatha ngevangeli kudityaniswe zokuzonwabisa.

njani imoto intambo?

Isixhobo oyintloko aneziporo luphawulwa ngegama layo (elithi "funiculitis" liguqulelwe njengoko intambo Latin kunye Italian). It iqulathe inkqubo traction neenqwelo ezirhuqwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo lihamba kwelinye icala. Esi sikimu ikuvumela ukuba kwincitho umthwalo. ukwakhiwa Engineering lukwaquka yimiqolo, amagiya, actuators kunye nenkqubo-elekhtrons, kuquka likaxakeka Mawahlaziyeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba esidlo intambo okanye ezinye iimeko okungaqhelekanga kuvuka. funiculars Design kuhluka zonke izixeko ke zakhiwa kuyilo lwakhe, ezakhiwe ezohlukileyo kwizikhululo thaca uyilo stock.

Waphila Odessa aneziporo

Umzekelo, e Odessa, kufuphi ngezinyuko Giant (renamed kamva Potemkin), ukususela 1902 wasebenza le moto USB, ngowokuqala kuBukhosi Russian. In-imi- 60 of XX ngenkulungwane endaweni kwayo kokufaka ezizihambelayo, njengabo nabo basebenza engaphantsi. Bandwidth liye landa, kodwa ezimbi kakhulu jonga mihla edityaniswe imbonakalo ngembali emazantsi esixeko. Ekugqibeleni, i "ngezinyuko ohambahambayo," mihla bubudala, ngoku kwi ndawo enye kwakhona wathola aneziporo. Esi sakhiwo isebenzisa impumelelo obungasifanelanga phakathi abemi Odessa kunye neendwendwe aloo mzi, kwaye inikeza imbono emangalisayo uyezibuko kunye kwizibuko, ngaphandle kube lula umendo Primorsky Boulevard, emva kokonyuka amanyathelo 192 ukuba abanye abantu, ngakumbi abantu abadala, yinto edinayo.

Ethutha abantu e San Francisco - njengomzekelo imoto intambo e Vladivostok

Funicular Vladivostok wakhawulwa njengomnye amanyathelo ukuguqula le dolophu engaselwandle engummangaliso "yiSoviet of San Francisco." Kutyelelo lwakhe eUnited States, ebanjwe 1959, uNobhala First of the CPSU N. S. Hruschev wachukunyiswa inkqubo yezothutho ezisezidolophini sixeko California, ayinazo lingana ehlabathini. Njengoko Vladivostok, San Francisco kubekwe phezu entsonkothileyo ezisemagqagaleni, ukuba enze ukuhamba ngeenyawo phezu kwaso nzima, sinento ugwencele, ngoko kuhla kumathambeka. izithuthi Ordinary ezisezidolophini ezinye ekhwela kuba ngaphaya kwamandla, uze emva koko kwenziwa isigqibo umdla. Zonke tram isixeko San Francisco ihamba phezu yimiqolo, phakathi eli nalibekelwayo intambo. Ukumisa imoto, nomcebisi kufuneka ukuvula ifowuni uqhagamshelwano kwaye cinezela phezu waqhekeza, kunye nentshukumo iqala xa isenzo umva. Kuba nokuba kunzima ukufumanisa kanye aneziporo nokuhamba na, kodwa inkqubo isebenza kakuhle, kodwa njengoko kaloliwe kusetyenziswa ukubuyisela iimoto ezindala ngaphandle iinjini elizweni esuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza naluphi fun uhambo zizaliswe adventure kwindalo.

Funicular - emehlweni "vlad"

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba esigunyaziswe 1962 e Vladivostok aneziporo kunye ophantsi ngobukhulu eyayizalwa ye-US, kodwa ke nalo kuhle kakhulu. Kuphela eMpuma Ekude, idibanisa ethekwini iGolden Horn kunye Orlinaya esitratweni V. Sibirtseva. Ngokutsho kuyo, ungathanda ukufumana ukuya School of Engineering abafundi, abakhenkethi ngokuqinisekileyo liya kutyelela eli nal, kwaye abemi baloo mzi boyise induli, ukuba abafuni ukuya mntanam, "amawaka elinye inyathelo elinye" (enyanisweni, abo 368, kodwa kakhulu). Nezinyuko ngemoto intambo kubude 70 eemitha ithatha imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu, yaye ngelo xesha uleyisayo kwingoma 183 m. Ngenxa yoko, ithambeka umlinganiselo izidanga mkhulu kuno 22, kakhulu.

Funicular e Prague - indlela abathandi

Mu kuya kwa nshita mihla kwaye iluncedo kakhulu kubahlali Vladivostok aneziporo kaloliwe kwikomkhulu Czech ezinika yokonwabisa kakhulu kaloliwe kwi Petrin endulini, yaye kwiminyaka ihloniphekile wakhe - waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1891. Ngelo xesha nye lavulwa enye aneziporo odumileyo e Prague Letna endulini. indlela yezithuthi romantic kunye nolucacileyo. On ubude bayo imitha-510 imoto ahlulwa itonela encinane phantsi eludongeni inqaba ubudala, yaye terminus iindwendwe, ukongeza inqaba ephakamileyo, balindele ukukrola lunikezelwa Wamanga. Le yindawo abayithandayo intlanganiso abatsha Praguers.

Barcelona funiculars

"Tibidabo" - le aneziporo lidala eBarcelona (yaye zonke zontathu). Indlela ikhokelela ukuba encotsheni yentaba, emva koko njengokubizwe, ezinye isikhululo ukwakweli esitratweni Dr. Andreu. Tibidabo phezu kwenye kuloliwe kwentambo - "Vayvidrera", nto leyo isuka ukusuka kwisikhululo Peude, kodwa incinane kakhulu, uyakwazi ukubamba abakhweli malunga amahlanu kuphela. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakama zombini aneziporo malunga enye, ngaphezulu kwama-160, kodwa ubude ezahlukeneyo (729 no 1152 eemitha ngokulandelelana), nto leyo ithetha ukuba isindululo kwenzeka steepness ezahlukeneyo ethambekeni. Ngoko ke, i "Tibidabo" kakuhle, nangona ekwaluphaleni kwakhe advanced (yena kakubi ukususela ngo-1901), kuthatha abakhweli angamakhulu amane, kunye umninawa wakhe Peude - amaxesha asibhozo ngaphantsi.

Montuika aneziporo - zothutho loluntu kunye ukhwele ngexesha elifanayo

aneziporo Okwesithathu - "Montuika" - yinxalenye kumasipala Barcelona ezothutho, oko okuzenzekelayo fast. injongo yawo - ukudibanisa i local imoto cable ukusuka metro kwisikhululo "Umfuziselo" station. Ingoma esihle kakhulu ikhona, indlela yayo imitha-758 isebenza phakathi kweengqimba zamafu abathethi bezinto yakuphakamisa abakhweli ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 76. Kufaneleke mbumbulu yolawulo Barcelona City izama ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwinqanaba umdla bazisa wokulondoloza imali kangangoko kunokwenzeka. umdla wabakhenkethi ikhuthaza iziseko, osisityebi zokutyela, cafes kunye nezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa ukudala zonke iimeko ukunandipha iimbono ezintle ezintabeni Montuika. Wayakha imoto intambo e Barcelona kwi sihlandlo yabanjwa apho ngo-1929, enobulungisa ihlabathi, kodwa imeko zobugcisa egqibeleleyo wavumela ukuba sisebenzise ibe kwiziko YeOlimpiki eminyaka-usidibanise nesithandathu.

Kiev aneziporo - ingcamango kunye nokuphunyezwa

Funicular e Kiev - enye iisimboli mzi. Eyamehlelayo kuphazamiseka ezininzi zembali. Revolution, imfazwe yamakhaya, ulawulo Makhnovshchina, ungenelelo ngoncedo Austria republic Ukrainian, ekonakaleni, iMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic inomfana "Maidan" - oku uluhlu buso kweziganeko, wegqitha apho Kiev isitulo lift kuphela. Kwaye waqalisa ubomi bakhe ngowe-1905, xa emva kweminyaka emibini yokwakha, "inkampani Belgian" bayithabatha ukusebenza. Ababhali zeprojekthi, iinjineli Russian NI Baryshnikov kunye N. K. Pyatnitsky, ubude okucwangcisiweyo ikota nekhilomitha kude, kodwa umnini-ndlu ezantsi kwendlela wala ukuba athengise impahla yakhe kubaphathi-dolophu, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ukuhlaziya isicwangciso, kuphungulwe indlela ukuya amahlanu eemitha. Noko ke, ingxaki jikelele, ezizezi isiqabu yobomi Kiev, kunyanzeleke ukuba banyukele off emqukumbelweni ecaleni kweendlela kunye ngezinyuko namakhulukhulu amanyathelo, iye isonjululwe. Tram ayikwazanga kudlula up iinduli amqengqelezi of Kiev. Emva Odessa Kiev yaba sisixeko yesibini eRashiya, eyinkqubo ehamba ngonxibelelwano sifeze Kukwafakwe i mmangaliso electromechanical njengokuba ukunyuka St. kaMichael (njengoko ekuqaleni ngokuba ezintsha zobugcisa).

Nokuzalwa le Kiev aneziporo

Kiev aneziporo wasebenza uhlobo yayo yoqobo de-1928, xa, ngexesha ukugcinwa lwesiqhelo kwabakho ekungaphumelelini isikhotshi, ukuziqengqa phantsi yimiqolo imixawuka, yoyisa owesibini. Kule imeko, ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho iingxwelerha kodwa isakhiwo efunekayo wokulungisa enkulu. Ukutshintshwa bayo lothuli, intambo-imigca kunye nenkqubo unyathela. Ngaphezu koko, isikhululo ephantsi ekugqibeleni ashukunyiswe, kunye nendlela sidluliselwa enye iimitha 38. Iyunithi amandla elinawo yeemowutha ezimbini DC eSwitzerland (65 l. S., model ngonyaka 1903), kunye intambo drive pulley wakhonza de unyaka-1984.

Ngowe-1986, ekwakhiweni ngokutsha enkulu wesithathu wagqitywa, nto leyo kwimbali yayo unenzondelelo Kiev aneziporo. Esi sibonelelo ngoku uchola imoto kunye amakhulu abakhweli ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 75 ngesantya-2 m / umzuzwana. umthamo wamandla ngokubonakalayo landa, amandla efakiweyo ngu 100 kW. Ubude lilonke kwingoma bafikelela 222 m. Zizisu zimke yonke imizuzu ezisixhenxe. Yonke imihla, malunga 15,000 abakhweli zisebenzisa le fom elula yokuthutha.

Sebenzela ukuphucula aneziporo zibanjwa rhoqo, umalunga ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kunye nolwazi zabakhweli. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe kwicala kubuhle, kuba le ndlu kudala ebeyinxalenye imbonakalo ngembali kwikomkhulu Ukrainian.