Miatlinskaya HPP: inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Miatlinskaya HPP libhekisela Sulanskomu kagesi. Isikhululo ukwakweli Sulak River e Dagestan, kufuphi ilali Miatli. Ukwenza imisebenzi ezintathu eziphambili - ukuba umbane, i konrregulyatorom Chirkeyskaya HPP (ibekwe umsinga), amanzi avela ichibi e Makhachkala (ikomkhulu Dagestan). Station, xa kuthelekiswa neenjongo ezininzi olu hlobo, kuba yayimfutshane ngesithomo kodwa ezizodwa kubume nokuntsonkotha zokwakha. Njengenxalenye yotshintsho zakhiwo amandla lonke eRashiya eyayivuswa kwisikhululo.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngexesha ekwakhiweni Chirkeyskaya HPP watyhila ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi aphumayo kufuneka licwangciswe, ngoko ngo-1973 kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuqalisa kwakhiwe esinye isikhululo. Wonke umsebenzi lwaqhutywa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kweentaba. Intloko yokuqala yale projekthi ibalelwa ingcali silungileyo kwinqugwala idama DA Shandalov, ezaziphuma lizwe kungekudala emva kokuqalisa umsebenzi, ngaphandle ukubona indlela Miatlinsky isityalo amandla iza kuphehlelelwa.

Imbali kokwakhiwa isiteshi entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ngowe-1976, sokwemba wendlela yaqalwa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ngokutshintsha ithambeka kunye ukubonakala ukudilika phezu kodonga lasekunene lomlambo, apho kwakukho izinto ezininzi kwizikhululo elizayo. Iingcali baye bazama ukulungisa le meko ngoncedo zobunjineli, kodwa umngcipheko kokuwa sigcinwe.

ukwakhiwa Ukudlulisa

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwesibonelelo elizayo wafumana indawo kweekhilomitha ezimbini ngezantsi edamini. Ezi nguqu zabangela ingxaki le nkqubo iyonke, kwaqengqeleka ngowam itanki kwesidingo zokwakha (ubukhulu: 25 m, ubunzulu - 76 meters), le conduit zokuphambukisa (1700 meters), Yokutshayelela avtotunnelya (1500 meters) kwicala lasekhohlo.

ulungelelwaniso zidlulela ye Sulak River kwenzeka ngo-1980, nto leyo kwakhona ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi yeyantlukwano msele ombiwe. Ukuze imbeko abakhi ziquka isibakala le ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kwinqugwala kwidama ngexesha nje elinye. Xa oku sele lubekhona ubugcisa obutsha tiered umsebenzi eziphathekayo, ukugcwaliswa yokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1983, kwangaxesha nye zabanjwa sboyka avtotunnelya. izithuthi osemendweni kunye ibhulorho yavulwa ngo-1984.

uqala kuqala

Ngowe-1985, kwaqalisa ukufakelwa kweyunithi yokuqala, izikhukula okucwangcisiweyo ichibi kwenzeka ekupheleni konyaka. Miatlinskaya HPP ivule kweyunithi yokuqala hydraulic ngoDisemba 1985, ngoJanuwari 1986, wanika ngoku industrial, ehlotyeni esitishini lasungula iyunithi yesibini ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, nto leyo sisiqalo isikhululo ngumthwalo weempahla okanye wezitya.

edamini ngamanzi yazala ukuya kwinqanaba acwangcisiweyo kweekhilomitha ezili-154 ngo-1987. itanki kwesidingo Miatlinskaya HPP linobude 15 eekhilomitha kwindawo ububanzi 300, ubunzulu kweemitha ukuya ku 60. Izehlo kwi ichweba ubambe umthamo km 13.3. cc., yaye kwisiza 14 m ^3, lilonke amandla ezisebenzisekayo ummandla area of km 16,2 ukuya 32.7. cu. ukuhamba kwamanzi inkunkuma ngokusebenzisa izakheko ngu 3000 m ³ / s kwi bomthwalo. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa itanki phantsi zizikhukula hit ha 151 zomhlaba wezolimo.

isityalo amandla Miatlinsky: ngokutsha

Inkcazelo izakhiwo isikhululo:

• Arch edamini. Uyilo ziqalisiwe kwisitishi, yenye owahlukileyo inzima. amadama INqaba wakha ezintathu kuphela USSR - Meatlinskaya HPP Chirkey HPP Gunibskaya HPP. Ukuphakama dama leemitha 86,5, ubude kweemitha ezili-179.
• Ukwakha itonela.
• Ukwakha izityalo lombane phezu lomlanjana Sulak.
• Ngokulinganisa ichibi.
• Penstocks.
• Ukuhamba kwitonela edamini yeyantlukwano.

Miatlinskaya Isikhululo encinane kakhulu ngamanzi, umthamo wayo 220 MW, ngonyaka uvelisa phantse zizigidi 700 Township / h. Onyuswe amabini injini amanzi ngamanzi, amandla nganye apho 110 MW kwi yintloko wamanzi 46 ngomzuzwana. station Engineering baxoxa Institute "Lengidroproekt".

iingxaki ze turbines yamanzi

isityalo amandla Miatlinsky phezu komlambo Sulak ngo-2014 kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo ngokutsha. Ukususela ekuqaleni yokusebenza kwacaca ukuba yabe turbines hydraulic ngokukhawuleza iintanda, ngenxa leyo efunekayo ukulungiswa rhoqo. turbine ngamanzi ezifakwe umgangatho ayahlukanga ukusuka nabanye abasebenza kwezinye izikhululo, kodwa iimeko apho ayehlala, kakhulu, Velocity amanzi neemitha 46 ngomzuzwana, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ikhaba bangonakala lula.

Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa iimfuneko zamandla ukwanda kufuneka Kwavela imveliso amandla amandla. Njengenxalenye yotshintsho olunzulu inkampani inkqubo "RusHydro" basayina isivumelwano umvelisi yaseOstriya Voith Isikhululo ukuba ubonelelo kunye nokutshintsha ezo impellers zombini iiyunithi hydraulic.

nokwakhiwa

Ngo-2015, ukuvuselelwa turbine yokuqala ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, apho ngokwezicwangciso bathwalwa phandle, kwakukho indawo ye impeller. Lixhotyiswe iincakuba ezisixhenxe zinazo amandla kakhulu (iitoni ezingaphezu kwama-2 kwi-blade nganye), ubunzima yonke ivili efikelela kwiitoni ezingama-128. Ukuqinisekisa nazingxaki ezamahala ukusebenza yandisiwe inkqubo olawula xi ngeoli umoya ukuya ku 63 (wayeneminyaka engama-40 ATM.), Eli nyathelo uvumelekile ukuba zokucutha isixa oyile osetyenzisiweyo kwaye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemo yendalo esingqongileyo. Amanyathelo athatyathiweyo yaqinisekisa ukwanda capacity, kwaye kwixesha elizayo ithembisa ngamandla ngakumbi.

Ngaphandle ophehlwa injini wheel, kwabakho inkqubo yolawulo replacement, generator sombane ukhuselo inshorensi kunye turbines hydro. Power turbine landile ukuya ku-113 MW. A injini yesibini ukuya nge kwisigaba elifanayo ngokutsha, kodwa umsebenzi ilibazisekile.

imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo

Indawo apho amandla isityalo Miatlinsky ibhekisela ngengingqi Etsolweni lengxondorha, umlambo Sulak rhoqo "abangenazigqibo" ngoko ukuba aqhube scan ecwangcisiweyo, ukulungiswa kunye nokucocwa umjelo zokuphambukisa kubalulekile ukusebenza ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. umsebenzi lokuthintela wenziwa kanye kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, nto leyo oko kwenzeka ngo-Oktobha 2016.

Ekubeni isikhululo lomphehlelelo msele derivational ezingomanga, ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha ezili-12 kunye ububanzi-15 leemitha, ubude yeekhilomitha 1.7. Ukuze Khama conduit zamanzi ezifunekayo ukuze kuhla aye emanzini ukuzilungiselela phakamisa emasangweni kunye nenkqubo kowakho umonakalo, ngoko icandelo ekufutshane uze uqhubeke ukuba i conduit ekufunxeni. Yokuvalwa landa yi crane, bamele isakhiwo multi-ton ihamba apho kunokwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo zobugcisa.

ukuhlolwa Itonela olwenziwe laser ukuskena ngendlela eqhelekileyo - ngabasebenzi zohlolo. iingxaki Global (iintanda, imigodi) zabonwa, yaye ububanzi ukulahlwa monolithic eziphathekayo akwenziwanga wophuliwe endaweni enye. ukulungiswa kwakusafuneka. Ukugcwalisa umgca amanzi yaba ngesiqhelo - amasango shutter evulekile iisentimitha-15 kuphela, kodwa kwanele ukuya kwiitoni zamanzi ukuba angene kwinkqubo. Namhlanje Miatlinsky amandla yezityalo lisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.