Iincwadi Classical (Russian). iincwadi classical Russian: uluhlu imisebenzi engcono

iincwadi Classical (Russian) - ingqiqo ebanzi, yaye ngamnye ubeka intsingiselo yawo kuwo. Ukuba ubuza abafundi, yintoni imibutho nto ebangela kubo, iimpendulo ziya kwahluka. Kuba abathile kuko okulungiselela isiseko-mali yamathala eencwadi, umntu aya kuthi ukuba imisebenzi uncwadi yamandulo Russian - ipateni ethile, ethe ixabiso eliphezulu yokuluka. Kuba abafundi ukuba yonke into ezifundiswa esikolweni. Kwaye bonke baya kuba ngendlela yabo zilungile ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke yintoni na - uncwadi zoqobo? iincwadi Russian, namhlanje siya kugxininisa kuphela kuyo. Malunga ezakudala angaphandle kuya kuxoxwa kwelinye inqaku.

Periodization yembali iincwadi Russian

Kukho periodization eqhelekileyo nokusekwa kunye nophuhliso iincwadi lwesizwe. Imbali yawo wohlulwe yamaxesha ilandelayo:

1. ixesha Doliteraturny. Ngeli xesha, kwinkulungwane XI, kwakungekho izicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo, kunye nemisebenzi yadluliselwa ngomlomo.
2. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XI XIV eyayikho iincwadi Old Russian. A nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso yayo ukwamkelwa ubuKristu eRashiya. Imbonakalo ncwadi isiGrike, ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha: hagiographies, yemicimbi yemihla, ukuhamba, iindaba ezilungileyo.
3. Ithuba elandelayo - weencwadi zakudala. Kuye khona ukususela XV ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII.
4. ngekhulu XVIII - ilixa yemfundo Russian. Eli lixesha enxulumene nabo abalobi wazibeka iziseko iincwadi Russian yamandulo. Ezi ziquka: Karamzin, Fonvizin, Lomonosov, Zhukovsky, Sumarokov, Radishchev, Krylov.
5. XIX kwekhulu - ixesha ekulihlaleni thina wasebenza labo balobi kunye iimbongi, leyo mihla ubizwa ngokuba ezakudala zoncwadi. "Golden Age" - yegama elinikwe kweli xesha. Best iincwadi Russian classical wadalwa ngexesha.
6. ngekhulu XX ibizwa umzekeliso kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, "Silver Age", ngenxa yokuba ngandlel 'ithile ukuba ukuqhubeka kwakhe ubhalo.

Yintoni kubizwa ngokuba classical?

abafundi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iincwadi classical (Russian) - i Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - oko kukuthi, imisebenzi labo balobi owayephila kwinkulungwane XIX. Oku akunjalo. Classic umsebenzi wokubhala kunokuba kunye kumaXesha Aphakathi, kunye kwinkulungwane XX. Siphi izimiso kunye nemigaqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba kwinoveli classic okanye ibali? Okokuqala, intwana classical kufuneka ixabiso eliphezulu obugcisa, ukuba abe ngumzekelo kwabanye. Okwesibini, kufuneka ukuqaphela ehlabathini lonke, kufuneka ube yinxalenye yale fund inkcubeko yehlabathi.

Yaye simele sibe nako ukwahlula phakathi yoncwadi lwamandulo nezaziwayo. Classic - le nto uvavanyo kwexesha, kodwa imisebenzi ethandwayo kamsinya ulibele. Ukuba ukungxamiseka kuya ziqhubeka eminyaka, mhlawumbi kwakhona ixesha ukuya kungena kudidi lomculo.

Imvelaphi iincwadi Russian zakudala

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, kuphela okhoyo ngabafo Russian sahlukana kwiinkampu ephikisayo ezimbini: babebambelele kunye Abahlaziyi. Le bahlukana ngenxa sengqondo esahlukileyo neenguqu ezenzekileyo ebomini bakho? Iinguqulelo kaPetros, yiEnlightenment ukuqonda imisebenzi, umbuzo yamahlwempu buhlungu, isimo sengqondo ngamandla. Eli dabi liye kukhokelele kusukwe kakhulu ngokomoya, ukuzeyisa ulwazi, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ezakudala Russian. Sinokuthi oko belifojiwe ebudeni izenzakalo kweli lizwe.

iincwadi Classical (Russian), wazalwa ngendlela ngenkulungwane XVIII entsonkothileyo yaye iphikisana, ekugqibeleni kwasekwa kwinkulungwane XIX. eziphambili iimpawu zayo: ubuzwe, ukukhula, ukuzeyisa ulwazi.

iincwadi Russian classical ngenkulungwane ye-19

A indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko xesha mayidlalwe ukukhula ubuzwe. Ivula amaziko nangakumbi zemfundo, ukwandisa ukubaluleka loluntu uncwadi, oluninzi ingqalelo ehlawulwa ababhali baqale ulwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Imvukelo Decembrists nokuba linyanzelekile ukuba ucinge into eyenzekayo kweli lizwe.

Karamzin azinampembelelo nophuhliso uncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-19

UNikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, inkulu mbali Russian, umbhali nentatheli, yaba inani nempembelelo kwinkcubeko Russian of XVIII-XIX eminyaka. inoveli yakhe yomlando kunye 'History of the State Russian "omkhulukazi waba negalelo elikhulu kumsebenzi ababhali kamva kunye iimbongi Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboyedov. Yena - enye wabaHlaziyi enkulu ulwimi Russian. Karamzin yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa inani elikhulu amagama amatsha, ngaphandle apho asikwazi ukucinga namhlanje kwintetho yanamhlanje.

iincwadi classical Russian: uluhlu imisebenzi engcono

Khetha kwaye iqulunqe uluhlu imisebenzi engcono yoncwadi - umsebenzi onzima, kuba wonke umfundi ukhetho zabo kwakunye neencasa. Inoveli, uza kuba wobugcisa, omnye uya kubonakala ekruqulayo yaye ingabangeli. ungenza njani uluhlu iincwadi zakudala Russian, eziza kwanelisa kakhulu abafundi? Enye indlela - siqhuba kuhlolo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu sinokugqiba umsebenzi ezinye ngokwabo abafundi ingqalelo ngeyona ndlela. Ezo ndlela yokuqokelela iinkcukacha kuqhutywa qho, nangona iinkcukacha zingatshintshwa kancinane ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Uluhlu imisebenzi emihle ezakudala Russian, ngokutsho uguqulelo maphephancwadi zoncwadi ze-intanethi, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. UMikhail Bulgakov with inoveli eyimfihlakalo "Mfundisi noMargarita".
2. Leo Tolstoy amaqhawe "War Noxolo".
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky kunye neenoveli ezintathu: ". I bwino" "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", "The Brothers Karamazov" yaye Le sazi enkulu Russian, ngokuchanekileyo, bahlale ichaza icala ezinzima yobuntu. Fridrih Nitsshe wathi ukuba Dostoevsky - ngengqondo kuphela kokuba bafunde ngaye into.
4. UNikolai Gogol - "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Enye yezona qembu ngababhali Russian yakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso emangalisayo eziqaqambileyo ocacileyo zabalinganiswa zabo. Story "Vij" nengqokelela sombhali "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka" kwakhona walithanda kakhulu ngabafundi.
5. inoveli Alexander Pushkin kaThixo "Eugene Onegin". Ngokutsho uvote, uninzi isikolo umbhali Intanda uthiywe Pushkin kunye Onegin - i ezaziwa kakhulu hero zoncwadi.
6. Anton yaseChekhov kunye namabali bakhe.
7. UMikhail Lermontov - "uHero Ixesha Wethu".
8. Iikulya Ilf and UYevgeny Petrov - ngumdla yenkulungwane XX, abantu ingqiqo omkhulu ezihlekisayo. inoveli Lwabo "izitulo elinambini" bekusoloko incwadi oyithandayo ngayo abafundi abaninzi elide.
9. Ivan Turgenev kunye nomsebenzi wakhe 'Ooyise and Sons. "
10. Alexander Griboyedov kunye comedy "Yeha ukusuka Wit". Ukubhala ebomini bam yonke imveliso nje omnye, kodwa wadala kweli nqanaba liphezulu, uya kusoloko kuhlala phakathi ababhali best iincwadi Russian yamandulo.

Xa kunjalo ke akukho mfuneko ukuba zilithathele ingqalelo eli uluhlu reference. Kwezinye rankings kunye zokuvota kwindawo yokuqala akanako ukuma Bulgakov kunye Lev Tolstoy kunye Alexander Pushkin, yaye akuyi kuba ezinye zezi ababhali maxa onke. Imilinganiselo - into ayinyani kakhulu. Kulungile ukwenza ezininzi uluhlu lwe owathandayo kwaye sigxile kuyo.

Russian inani yoncwadi lwamandulo

Abenzi bemeko-ezakudala Russian bezisoloko imbopheleleko zasekuhlaleni. Abazange wathetha reformatory, akazange anikezele iimpendulo esele zenziwe kwimisebenzi yakhe. Umbhali ubeka phambi kokuba umfundi ingumceli mngeni kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba bacinge malunga isigqibo sakhe. Ukuba wakhuliswa kwimiba zawo emsebenzini kwezentlalo yoluntu, nto leyo ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Ngoko ke, lo ezakudala Russian kwaye namhlanje ihlala ngalo mhla mnye.