Ukuhlangabezana - kuba akukho nzima

Kuba abo bangazazanga yintoni na ukuhlangabezana of biology, oko kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ingqikelelo uza kuthi kwisiLatini lithetha "ukuhlangabezana." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le nkcazelo lisetyenziswa kuphela eziphilayo, kodwa Ezolimi, ngomnxeba, kwaye nkqu nenzululwazi kwezopolitiko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana - luphawu ukufana othile eziphilayo ukuba ayaba ngokwendalo, ezivele ngokwemeko zazivelela. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, kufuneka inani elithile iimpawu ezifanayo (umz, inkangeleko, imizimba isakhiwo).

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba indlela yokuhlangabezana wavela, umzekelo, shark kuhlengahlengiswa, dolphins, eziphaphazelayo imifinya marsupials nomatse kunye nomatse eziphaphazelayo. Ukuba sithethe malunga nendlela yendaleko zamaqela eziphilayo, oko yabelwa ukuhlangabezana kunye divergence, ngokunjalo okukhona.

Le ntuthuko yokuzivelela

Inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni eziphilayo nganye kudlule zigaba ezithile kuphuhliso lwazo, yaye oku kusebenza ngokupheleleyo onke amacandelo zezakhiwo. Ukuba convergence - yinto "ukufana", kufuneka ucinge nzulu kunye neminye imiba.

1. Divergence - loo mahluko iimpawu ezikhoyo lwento ethile. Le nkqubo yemvelo ekhokelela ukuvela amaqela amatsha kunye nabantu. Le divergence into ucaca ngakumbi, lo mkhulu umahluko uba ngohlobo oluthile, kangangokuba umzimba uqalisa ziyahluka kungekuphela imbonakalo kodwa kubume lwangaphakathi, kwindalo iimpawu isithuba oyikhethayo yobukho. Kwaye enye indawo Ungakhetha kuphela abo ingaphila kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yokuba isitshixo ingqikelelo ngendaleko na ukhetho zendalo, kuphela nexoxo liyazigxumela iintlobo ngokuncipha - bafe.

2. Ukuhlangabezana - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, isenzeko divergence esahlukileyo. Kulo mzekelo, eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kuqalisa ukufumana iifom efanayo. Amaxesha amaninzi oku kubangelwa yokuhlala efanayo, iimeko zayo ezingundoqo kunye neempawu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba mba zokuhlangabezana ixhaphake kakhulu ehlabathini isilwanyana, apho, umzekelo, iintaka awukwazi kuphila engenamaphiko, intlanzi kufuneka imilo iimeko njalo njalo.

3. okukhona - iguqulelwe kwi ulwimi lesiGrike, ingqiqo lithetha "inyathelo elilandelayo". Olu phuhliso kwimeko nasekusungulweni amaqela ezifana usondele zemfuza, kodwa ukufumana izinto ezifanayo phakathi kwala abameli asixhomekeki enye kwenye. Phantse njalo, ezi mpawu lilifa izinyanya. Njengoko ukuhlangabezana - oko kufana ukuba ngokuthe asakhulayo ukusuka axhomekeke ethile, concurrency uzimisele ngqo yinkqubo zembali (ngakumbi, sithetha malunga phylogeny).

Kutheni kukho ngumkhuba theory

Xa kuqwalaselwa nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kwimeko ngendaleko kuthiwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana - into rhoqo, nto leyo sizalwa abameli eziphambili zehlabathi isilwanyana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le divergence yaye okukhona isoloko zifumaneka kwindalo. Kodwa imfuneko ukuhlangabezana ngeke walelwe, ngokuba oonobangela kwihi abanjalo zigqitywa bubukho nomini kunye ezithile iimpawu leyo yaphuhliswa yokuzivelela, omnye okanye ngolunye uhlobo eziphilayo ukuze iphile, yaye sibe namandla.

Ngaloo ndlela, esona sizathu kukuba ukuhlangabezana yokufana ngqo lalisiba eziphilayo bona bahlala abo okanye abanye abameli zehlabathi isilwanyana. Ukuba ubone imizekelo uthandwayo ukufana convergent, siyaqonda isizathu iindidi ezithile abameli izinto eziphilayo nayiphi na imilo ethile, inkangeleko, nezinto ezithile yokuphila.