Le nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Concept. iintlobo

Inkqubo yoqoqosho ludibaniso zonke iinkqubo zoqoqosho ezenzeka ekuhlaleni. Bona zibangelwa indlela kwezoqoqosho. Nayiphi na inkqubo yezoqoqosho isekelwe phezu imveliso, kudityaniswe ngesifo sephepha, exchange, ukusasazwa.

Zonke ubume bemveliso inikwa izibonelelo zoqoqosho. Kulo mzekelo imveliso yeshishini bagqitywe, lusasazwe baza.

Omnye okanye enye inkqubo yoqoqosho iquka izinto engafani. Ngokukodwa, loo amaqela aquka:

- ngesakhiwo ezixhasayo leenkuthazo nxaxheba;

- Indlela kwezoqoqosho;

- ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho kunye namashishini, njalo-njalo.

Inkqubo zoqoqosho kunye neentlobo zabo

Imarike ithathwa ukuba isakhiwo kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Phakathi kwale nkqubo yezoqoqosho ziboniswa ubudlelwane kwisigaba kwimveliso. Imarike isekelwe kwimigaqo eziliqela. Le nkqubo kwezoqoqosho ezisekelwe ubukhulu becala kwiziphumo inkululeko yabantu, iitalente zakhe zoshishino. Ngoxa ekuqinisekiseni impatho enobulungisa karhulumente.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imigaqo apho imarike kuyinto encinane ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ingcamango 'rhwebo ". iziseko ezifana ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kunye nenkululeko yomntu emarikeni, nto leyo inxulumene ne ingcamango "imo yomthetho".

Ngokuba amazwe ngokwaneleyo sizalwa kwenkqubo yemveli kuqoqosho. oko kusekelwe kwiteknoloji umva, imveliso olutyhutyhayo manual, ngeenkcubeko ngesakhiwo (ubukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo).

Kwamanye amazwe ziqhubeka zendalo kunye nawoluNtu iintlobo zemisebenzi yezoqoqosho. It likubona kubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso abasakhasayo, esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo kumashishini abucala lwezibonelelo kunye nokuveliswa yabasebenzi yabantu, esithatha ngayo (resources).

imveliso Small-scale kwamanye amazwe ezibonakala ezininzi kunye neefama.

Amaninzi ebusweni yoqoqosho iinkqubo ezinkulu ukubaluleka kwinkunzi amazwe. Okwa yena akonwabi kwaye uzinzile. Kwimeko lwesakhiwo zemveli kudala isixa esikhulu izinto eziphathekayo. Ngelo xesha, inkqubo akwenziwanga ikhuselwe kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle kwaye nkqubela yaye kuphuculwe.

ubomi umphakathi yohlukile ukubusa lisiko nesithethe, iklasi kunye nangokodidi amacandelo kunye nezenkolo. Zonke ezi zinto unqandwe uphuhliso loqoqosho.

Kwi-USSR, kumazwe amaninzi kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu kwaye Asia alawula yolawulo-umyalelo system (acwangcisiweyo) kuqoqosho.

Ngokuba lo nesakhiwo luphawulwa luluntu (okunene - chaza) ubunini kwezibonelelo phantse bonke kwezoqoqosho, lokubanga bureaucratization. Isiseko womatshini kwezoqoqosho usebenza njengoko ucwangciso ndawonye kwezoqoqosho.

amashishini zithi zonganyelwe ukususela owawunenjongo enye, ibekwe kwizikhundla eziphezulu ngamandla. Akwenzeki ukuphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo zifundo uqoqosho.

Ukuba inkqubo olungumxube eziphambili kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho zezi zilandelayo: umbutho kwimarike, samacandelo amaninzi, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Isakhiwo isekelwe kwindibaniselwano yolawulo karhulumente zabucala zoshishino. Apho lokuqala inika inkxaso ebanzi ngenxa yokugqibela.

Kwangaxeshanye, irhafu karhulumente, ityala, umgaqo-mali swi kuzinzo lwentlalo ngokuthe nokukhula koqoqosho.

Lubonakala inkqubo yoqoqosho exube Russia, France, USA, Japan, China, eSweden, United Kingdom.