Saponins - ntoni na? Iimpawu, inkcazo

Iikhemikhali saponins (kwakhona glycosides saponizidy okanye geterozidy) - ezi yezabelo ze triterpenoids kunye steroid. Zinelungelo umsebenzi and hemolytic, kwakunye enetyhefu izilwanyana zinegazi elibandayo. Saponins zahlulwe triterpenoid kunye steroid. Bona afumaneka neziqu, amagqabi, iintyatyambo, iingcambu kunye neziqhamo zezityalo. Le mathiriyeli iya kuba ekudleni kunye aglycon.

Inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Nayiphi saponin kabani iipropati ezineefitsha eziliqela, unandipha nempembelelo adumileyo eziphilayo eziphilayo. Le nto ibangela hemolysis kunye neefom cholesterol (ngenxa eliqokobe ulahlekelwa erythrocytes yayo semipermeable). saponins Action lukhokelela ukungena mpilo egazini. Ngenxa kule isiphumo izilwanyana ezibandayo-ezinegazi ephazamisa iigilizi.

eziphilayo abaninzi babulawa ityhefu, nto leyo ayinabantu saponins. Yintoni na? Ezi zinto ke amorphous okanye crystalline iziyobisi bulubhelu hygroscopic (okanye enemibala). Kuba saponin luphawulwa yokunyibilika aphezulu thermal kunye yokubola. Bona bayakwazi yandisa imeko komhlaba, ngenxa apho ngokuthi behlunguzela izisombululo zabo zolwelo zenza amagwebu intabalala izinzile. Xa chloroform, benzene kunye diethyl kaEtere siponiny ezingenakunyibilika. Le meko yahlukile ngamanzi, ethanol kunye methanol. Kwezi izinyibilikisi esibamba saponins ezinyibilikayo xa monosoharidov isiqulatho eziphakamileyo iimolekyuli zabo.

Imizekelo saponin endalweni

Kude nentsapho elifanayo lezityalo ziqulathe saponins. Izazinzulu zizonke malunga 40 kula maqela ntlobo. Iiseli izityalo ezinjalo ziquka saponins lichithakale. Yintoni na? Amaninzi, le yinxalenye umchiza ukwakhiwa izityalo komhlaba. saponins Triterpene ezenziwa Caryophyllaceae, Araliaceae, imidumba, polemoniaceae, polygalaceae, hippocastanoideae, Rosaceae kunye t. D. zisasazwa izityalo ezifana licorice, okanye ginseng, umz, Aralia.

Steroidal saponins ziyingxenye kwezityalo akwi njengenyibiba usapho, figwort, zeagave, dioscoreaceae njalo. On. Eli qela libandakanya sarsaparil, foxglove kunye Dioscorea.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abameli izilwanyana bodwa saponins ukuze bazikhusele xa ulele. Ngenxa yoko, glycosides ukukhuthaza izinga lokukhula, ukumelana stress lwabo nokuphucula ekuntshuleni. saponin Ngokutshintsha ukwakhiwa ngombala carotenoid ababandakanyekayo photosynthesis. Le nto ke yenziwa amagqabi, apho uthuthwa ezinye kwisityalo. compound eluncedo okongezeleke kwizisele ezizodwa kunye epidermal stem. Ekugqibeleni, uya kungena kumila, inoxanduva andise kwezityalo. Saponins ziveliswa kwi yokwanda izinga xa kuthe umonakalo emzimbeni izityalo.

Haydrolisis kunye nokuqulethwe monosaccharides

saponins zebhayoloji izityalo, haydrolisis acid. Ukuba bangaba izakhiwo ngemolekyula kunye lipids, sterols, iiprotheni kunye nemixube izakhi. Saponins (ngakumbi ngqo, isabelo sabo carbohydrate) ziqulathe ukusuka ku-1 ukuya monosaccharides 11. Kuxhomekeka isixa into ibhekisa uhlobo oluthile: oligozidam, pentozidam, triozidam, biozidam, monozidam.

Kwiimeko ezininzi zinezintlu izinto ezifana D-xylose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose kunye t. D. Ezo zinto yaye ziquka saponins. Yintoni na? Monosaccharides - ulungelelwaniso uyila amatyathanga carbon leyo enokuthi branched okanye yomgama. Steroidal saponins iintlobo luqulathe 1-5 izinto ezinjalo, lo gama triterpene kungenzeka-10 okanye ngaphezulu.

Le nezokukhupha saponins

Ukulungiswa saponin ukusuka izinto semvelo ekrwada yenziwa ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Okokuqala kufika utsalo (components transfer ukusuka okuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo nge kuphela). Koko, izinto engumphumela nyulu zahlukanisa.

Kuba nezokukhupha izinyibilikisi polar ezisetyenzisiweyo - ethanol kunye methanol kunye ezahlukeneyo lamanani. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa isisombululo chloride sodium. Kwezinye iimeko, nezokukhupha izinto zokwenza kaEtere kwaye carbon. Ngaphandle izakhiwo le nkqubo intshabalalo akunakwenzeka slozhnorastvorimyh kuquka saponins, iiprotheni, sterols kunye nemixube izakhi.

nokucoca

A indlela ngokuba nyulu saponins ifunyenwe kuxhomekeke ubume babo. Umzekelo, iintlobo polar zaneleyo enyibilikayo methanol kunye ethanol, naphantsi lungapholi okanye ukongeza ethanol ukwenza kwenze isici. Le meko yahluke kunye glycosides. Bona sivete emva ukuxutywa ngamanzi, izicatshulwa utywala, yaye musa ukuluhlakaza emanzini. Ukuze ekucoceni saponins triterpene ezifunekayo kwealkali. Kwakhona ukwenza kubo, acetone, diethyl iEtere, ethyl acetate, isoamyl kunye butyl alkoholi.

Ezinye iindlela zokuhlanjululwa zisekelwe iimpawu saponins ezintsha, kunye ilothe acetate okanye barium hayidroksayidi ityuwa ezingenakunyibilika. Kwakufika izakhiwo anjalo ibolile. iindlela abanjalo kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukwenza saponins kakhulu ecocekileyo. Yintoni na? Le umgangatho ophezulu akanayo inamacandelo ubumdaka kunye sisincoko efanayo.

ukwahlukana chromatographic

Nawuphi na omnye umba yezityalo (umz, flavonoids, saponins kunye t. D.) Funa Ukuphathwa ngenyameko. Coca kubo, ukongeza iindlela sele ichaziwe ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukwahlukana chromatographic. Kulo mzekelo, i izinyibilikisi ezifana acetic acid, n-butanol, chloroform, ammonia zolwelo, n-propyl utywala, methanol, kunye t kusetyenziswa. D.

Emva lokuqala processing ukwahlukana chromatographic iqala wezenzi emuncu - .. Phosphomolybdic acid, pentachloride kwistibhiya, njl Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo saponins polyenes - conjugated unsaturated ezimbaxa. Zingakotshwa zipeyintwe ebomvu, nengubo ebomvu okanye pink (ngokuxhomekeke isakhiwo iziyobisi).

isicelo

Saponins zisetyenziswa kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba zongezwa kwi-arhente amagwebu kwi zokucima umlilo (ngenxa yokuba ezi izinto zibe lather amaninzi). Saponins zikwaquka ukumiswa kunye emulsions ze ekwakhiweni, ngaloo ndlela ozinzileyo ezi nisikwe. Substances kweli qela zimpahla emulsifying ezahlukeneyo, ezenza icandelo luncedo isepha.

Saponins zisetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni ezinye iziselo (umz, ibhiya), kwakunye confectionery (halvah). Bona yaveliswa njengoko izongezo zokutya kunye zesondlo. Kananjalo kusetyenziswa izibonelelo zonyango (nadlamkisayo, tonics, expectorants, okugonya njalo njalo. D.). Nangona izibonelelo zonyango, saponins ngenxa yetyhefu wayo, isilumkiso iyafuneka xa usebenzisa.

Ukusetyenziswa Pharmacology

Saponins, licorice Kudala kwaziwa ngezenzo zalo anti-komzimba kunye anti-ukudumba. isekelwe phezu kwezi nemixube inokuba ngumgubo, a isiraphu okanye isicatshulwa. Liquorice - isiseko iipilisi. Idityaniswa ukuphucula ukungcamla amayeza kunye neziyobisi. Licorice isetyenziswa kwimeko izifo egazini ulusu kunye namalungu obuni, kwakunye iishingles.

I luncedo kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa Pharmacology kucingwa yinxalenye saponins glycyrrhetinic acid kunye glycyrrhizin. Ngokusekelwe phezu kwazo kwenziwa amalungiselelo ukunceda ekulweni sombefu. Enye ingxenye luncedo - flavonoid. Ezi zinto ziyingxenye flakarbina kunye likiritona antiulcer njengabangenanto, antisecretory, anti-ezithintela ukosuleleka kunye nefuthe spasmolytic. La machiza asetyenziswa isilonda esiswini kunye duodenal okanye gastritis.

Isiphumo anenzuzo ginseng yaziwa eMpuma kangangamawaka eminyaka, apho le sityalo sele ichiza ithandwa kwaye ngokomfanekiso ngokuba "ingcambu sobomi". E China kunye Korea, lisetyenziswa xa upheka. iingcambu Ginseng babe indihlaziya kunye nemiphumela, baya zisetyenziswa njenge adaptogen. Imali ngenxa yezi wezenzi zisetyenziswa unyango adrenal. Uyondelelwano lwee- saponins kwi ginseng ufikelela ubuninzi akuba eneminyaka izityalo emithandathu.

Ifuthe emzimbeni womntu

Kanye sezakhi, saponins nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu. Xa zibekwe kwisisu ngomlomo okanye kwiinwebu impumlo kunye ukuluma kwamehlo babangela. An secretion enomfutho unamadlala, nto leyo inceda balahle yencindi kwaye inceda bronchi. Noko ke, uyazikhomba saponin ukuba umzimba womntu inokuba kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, kukho kwinwebu amathumbu kunye nesisu. Imiphumo yityhefu yezi zinto kukhokelela ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi kunye norhudo.

Saponins ziluncedo njengee-arhente ngazo namanye amayeza ngokukhawuleza bangene emzimbeni womntu. ukusebenza kwabo kuxhomekeke kwisityalo esithile. Ngaphandle neziphumo sele sitshilo, ukuze babe anti-isilonda, isisu kwenza inobulali, adaptogenic, kortikotropny nesiphumo umchamo.

izinto zokwenza imveliso

Enye imithombo osetyenziswe eluhlaza ukuba Ukuqhela saponins eziphathekayo nto Aralia Manchurian. Le amancinci fast sandayo ukuphakama umthi ukusuka kwiimitha ezi-3 ukuya ku-6. Lubonakala yi iingcambu phezulu kunye efana yokuzenzisa emthini wesundu. Isityalo kuxhaphakile Ekude eRashiya, kuquka iyavuma, Territory Primorsky kunye kwiNgingqi Amur.

Saponins zifumaneka kwiingcambu Aralia. Xa kusetyenziswa zizityalo yokuvuna oneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15. Roots zikhiwa ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo phambi liqhuma amagqabi. Bemba kunye crowbars kunye nemihlakulo. Emva koko, ngetshaneli iyafuneka, oko amaninzi luqhutywa notsala ezizodwa, apho ubushushu ifikelela 60 ° C. Impilo-mveliso izinto ezifana yiminyaka emithathu.