Logic propositional

Ukuchaza igama elithi 'logic propositional ", oko kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni na" ingxelo ".

Ngoko ke, lo mazwi isivakalisi, uhamba ngokwegrama echanekileyo, yaye ke bobuxoki okanye kuyinyaniso. Le ngcamango kufuneka yokubonisa intsingiselo ethile. Ngokomzekelo, ibinzana elithi "intaka canary inalo" kuquka amacandelo alandelayo: "canary" yaye "intaka".

Yiyo loo nto enye neengqikelelo ezingundoqo ekuqiqeni athi. La magama kufuneka uchaze imeko ethile apho ingxelo mhlawumbi into okanye yokukhanyela.

Oku kucingwa ukuba mazwi, ukuba kumgca leyinene aba le meko xa circumscribing. Ngokwazo, "oluxokayo" 'lokwenyaniso "amisele inyaniso kweengxelo.

logic Propositional ibandakanya amabinzana alula nanzima. Ngoko ke, cinga nje ingxelo ayibandakanyi kumafa nezinye izenzo zayo. Ke isakhiwo ziquka amabinzana zivela evela, iingxelo elula enengqondo iqhagamshele.

logic Classical propositional angamelwa imfundiso jikelele lotsalo. Oku kukuba yinxalenye ekuqiqeni, nto leyo echaza akuxhomekekanga iingxelo wombane ubhalo amabinzana ezilula.

Singasathethi ke izihlanganisi - a esixhasayo nzima ezifunyenwe ngokudibanisa amagama amabini alula esebenzisa igama elithi "kunye". Inyaniso isihlanganisi kuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iingxelo ifakiwe kubume bayo. Kwimeko apho ubuncinane elinye lamalungu ayo ubuxoki, yonke isihlanganisi luphawu 'ubuxoki. "

Kukodwa isihlanganisi ukwenza iingxelo oluxandileyo, olusekelwe kwezi kweenkolelo ngeenkolelo:

- nayiphi na imbonakalo (kwaye ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo) isenokuba yinyaniso okanye bubuxoki;

- inyaniso amazwi ezimbaxa kuxhomekeke inyaniso iingxelo equlathwe kulo kunye Nendawo ongenekuzo ubhalo kuyo.

Xa uqhagamshela iingxelo ezimbini usebenzisa igama elithi "okanye" sele ifunyenwe i disjunction. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ingqiqo ingakhangelwa ngokwembono iintsingiselo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, kuba ingqiqo non-kuphela, nto leyo ithetha inyaniso yokuvakalisa, nokuba ibinzana yokwenene omnye wabo babini, okanye ukuba abo bobabini. Okwesibini, ukuphelisa kuba sithi enye amabinzana liyinyaniso, kwaye enye - bubuxoki.

iifomyula Propositional ziqulathe ababasebenzisi. Ngoko, kwi isimboli disjunction V ibonisa ukuba ibinzana kuyinyaniso ukuba inyaniso ubuncinane omnye iingxelo, kwaye bobuxoki ukuba zombini incanca yakhe zobuxoki.

Ekumiseleni kukusulela kukho ngoluvo lokuba iingxelo esisiseko kuba njalo kwi uphando engalunganga. Ngamanye amazwi, le nto ithetha inyaniso ukuxhomekeka okanye falsity yegama elithi kwexabiso yeencindi kunye neendlela ubuhlobo babo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Ingongoma kakhulu luncedo kwezinye iinjongo, oko awuhambisani kakhulu ukuqonda yesiqhelo zonxibelelwano jikelele. Ngoko, xa ezingqonge ezininzi iimpawu ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha ubhalo lwe iingxelo anikwe ingqiqo isenokungabi inkcazelo olwaneleyo kwalo device.

logic Propositional ejolise ekusombululeni lo msebenzi esembindini, njengoko kokwahlulwa leesekethe nokuqiqa echanekileyo nolungachanekanga kunye systematization kuqala. Ukuze ufumane isiphumo ekunene, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo abalinganiswa ekhethekileyo lingamela okanye olunye uhlobo. Ngenxa yoko kuboniswe umdla ngamazwi ezibonakala zingabalulekanga afana "okanye", "yaye," njl

iingxelo Logic Ude ulwimi lwayo, ezibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

- abalinganiswa lokuqala - variables, constants ubhalo, kunye nemiqondiso zobugcisa;

- afanayo.

Kuba ukuqonda ngcono ukuba sele uthe kufuneka uye imizekelo ethile. Umzekelo, isihlanganisi sebenzisa uphawu &, disjunction - \ / okanye \ º /.