Amalungu Homologous: imizekelo ubungqina zazivelela

isayensi Modern eziphilayo unobungqina ngokwaneleyo lokubonisa ubukho inkqubo yotshintsho yokuzivelela ngayo izinto eziphilayo. One of them - amalungu homologous, imizekelo eza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

bokuba izinto zazivelela

Ihlabathi kweziphilayo iplanethi yethu nje amangalisayo ezahlukeneyo yayo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zahluke oko kubonisa umanyano imvelaphi yazo kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, oku ezahlukeneyo ubungqina. Kwindawo yokuqala - kukho ukufana ye ubume kwemichiza, ezizezi ubukho molecule iiprotheni, lipids, iicarbohydrate nucleic. Zonke abameli izikumkani indalo, ukongeza neentsholongwane, abe isakhiwo zeselula.

Uphuhliso osandul ekuyo

inzululwazi ebizwa yophuhliso embryology osandul. izazinzulu Uphando lubonise ukuba uphuhliso ekuyo ekuqaleni musa kwahluka enye kwenye. Notochord, uvaleke, le slits kumculo emqaleni - zonke ezi mpawu, kukho iintaka, neentlanzi, kunye nabantu. Ekuhambeni uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo ayaguquka.

ubungqina Morphological ukuba zazivelela

Enye ubungqina ephambili yokuzivelela ke ukufana isakhiwo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Olu phawu kuthiwa morphology. Umzekelo iphawulekayo ngolwalamano phakathi kwiiklasi ngamnye ekuyo i duckbill. Le isilwanyana eziliqela iimpawu oluphakathi phakathi ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngako oko, le platypus uye abameli iinkalo zonke ezi ndidi. Umzekelo, isilwanyana iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokubekwa amaqanda. Ngelo xesha uya kuzisa up amantshontsho alo ubisi, ngathi izilwanyana. Bequbha iinyawo okwedada, kukho indlela yokuba abahluza emanzini kumlomo kunye nempumlo atshabalalisa wayikhangelisa njengentaka. Kwaye yenza ityhefu, ezifana nezirhubuluzi ezininzi.

imizimba Homologous kunye ezifanayo

Abanye imizimba zezilwanyana nezityalo, nangona imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo, abe imvelaphi eqhelekileyo. Hi xikombiso, le zeepali ertyisi isityalo eqhotyoshelweyo inkxaso, yaye ameva cactus yokwehlisa komphunga amanzi. Kodwa zombini ezi meko, le Izakhiwo a loyamano amagqabi. Le meko unegama - le homology amalungu.

Kodwa inaliti barberry kunye raspberry ameva enemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo amagqabi osecaleni, kwaye eyesibini - inwebu ukutyabeka izityalo esukela. imizimba enjalo ibizwa efanayo. amaphiko ezibanzi okhozi kunye amabhabhathane nazo enemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukujonga xa uqala kuqala, ekubeni zonke ezi zakhiwo zinika moya. Kodwa ntaka modified ngemilenze, kunye nento ephakathi zabo. Amaphiko izinambuzane outgrowths yokubhalwe kumaqweqwe. Kakade ke ibekwe phantsi emzimbeni kwaye musa inxaxheba ibhabha.

imizimba Homologous kunye ezifana abubungqina ngqo imvelaphi oqhelekileyo izilwanyana ezahlukileyo. Kwaye ke umahluko iimpawu yesakhiwo ngenxa lithathelwe zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo zokuphila.

Yintoni ngokuba amalungu homologous: imizekelo

Owona mzekelo obabuthandwa homology kukhona front lomzimba ezinomqolo. Weminenga neshumi ihlengesi zinamaphiko, amaphiko iintaka kunye bat, nezandla zabantu, iinyawo kunye ingwenya nolovane enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kodwa isakhiwo wabo efanayo. Konke oku ngemilenze chordate ezinomqolo, enamakhulu ezintathu: emagxeni, inyuke iye nesandla.

Xa abasemagunyeni homologous nazo ukulungisa amahlumelo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Baye umahluko ezibalulekileyo kubume lwangaphandle kunye nemisebenzi. Lily kumila liye laphela internodes, itapile tuber oluhlala unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nezondlo, kwaye ipleyiti carcinomas ye anyanisi isiseko nokulungisa kwamagqabi. Noko ke, amalungu homologous, imizekelo esifunde ngazo ziqhelekile nesakhiwo yokuphuma. Kodwa loo nto konke! Khawuve oko babizwa amalungu homologous, kwakhona kunokuba ngumzekelo zokuguqulwa iingcambu. amalungu phantsi komhlaba kwakhona kakhulu ilungiswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo olukhulayo. Ngoko ke, rutabagas kunye neminqathe iingcambu ephambili sikhula, ubonelelo kwezondlo. izityalo ezifana kunyaka wokuqala musa ukuvelisa imbewu. Xa ekwindla amalungu zabo zasemoyeni kufa, kodwa ngeendleko komhlaba ingcambu yezityalo kokudlula kwi ixesha abandayo. ukuguqulwa okunjalo impendulo yombuzo eyenza umgaqo amalungu homologous. Imizekelo ezi - oku ke umoya, ukuphefumla ebambelele iingcambu.

Iziqalo kunye atavism

ubungqina Morphological kwemvelo kwakhona lamalungu. Zizo ezi iindawo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ngokwaneleyo. Abantu, ukuba ijwabu wesithathu, kumqolo wesibini amazinyo, kwakunye izihlunu ukuba ukususa pinna.

Gns, zakuqala malunga, i ezazikho. Yeyona ukutyhileka imikhwa zomawokhulu, akukho ngqo kubantu kwezinto eziphilayo anikiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, uphuhliso multimammate ngomqolo coccygeal, gqolo ukukhula iinwele ebantwini. Ukuba sicinga isilwanyana, bona atavism na uphuhliso kwamalungu nemazi yexhama iyazala neminenga ndyoka.

Ngenxa yoko, amalungu homologous, imizekelo apho kwaxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku, kunye izifaniso, nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo kunye atavism abubungqina morphological inkqubo yokuba izinto zazivelela. Ezi mpawu kwenzeka zombini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. amalungu Homologous ebizwa izakhiwo ukuba abe isicwangciso eliqhelekileyo yesakhiwo, kodwa zahluke imisebenzi eyenziwa. Ubukho umntu kuluhlu iimpawu ibonisa imvelaphi yalo ukusuka kwizilwanyana ngenxa yotshintsho yendaleko.