Plants e Antarctica: isishwankathelo kunye iimpawu nezihluma Antarctic

Kubonakala ngathi eSouth Pole, kude abandayo Antarctica, ngokupheleleyo nto ukukhula. Bathi ukuba imozulu elifana kakhulu Mars, umahluko kuphela umthamo wamanzi. Kwaye kanye ibinzana elithi "isityalo Antarctic" umntu abonakale eyinqaba, yintlekisa isiyatha. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso. Izityalo Antarctica khona, nangona uluhlu kufana kweentlobo. Ewe, yaye isibheno ezibonwayo, abanako baqhayise.

ulwazi Imbali malunga nezityalo Antarctica

Namhlanje ke akukho mfihlelo ukuba i Mesozoic ilizwekazi Antarctica yaba ziko likhulu ukubunjwa izihluma. Noko ke, ukupholisa jikelele kakhulu owaba izilwanyana yeli lizwekazi, akanyanzelwanga ukuba bafuduka inkoliso flora kumntla kwimimandla ezifudumeleyo.

Kangangethuba elide impendulo yombuzo "yintoni nezityalo e Antarctica" kwathiwa ukudwelisa: ubulembu, iintsholongwane, ulele, umngundo, ulele kunye zasendle kuphela iintlobo ezimbalwa zezityalo ephezulu zomyalelo imifuno. Noko ke, ngo-1829, emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kokufunyanwa Antarctica, ihlabathi liphela Ndamangaliswa iindaba ukuba uMzantsi Shetland Islands, intyantyambo yokuqala uyaziwa. Noko ke, naba halo iintlobo aphezulu lwesityalo luxhomekeke ekubeni degrees 64 inkululeko ezantsi kwi Antarctic Peninsula.

Yonke ingcaciso entsha ngakumbi kunyaka evulekileyo malunga nezityalo ze emiphethweni ngqwabalala. Izazinzulu wothusa ihlabathi ziingxelo izityalo ezitsha ezifumaneka apha. Kwaye ngoku umbuzo othi "yintoni izityalo zikhula e Antarctica" Impendulo ayikho lula njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, xa iingcali kunjalo uxakeke kumsebenzi wophando apha.

Amanzi ulwelwe of the South Pole

flora Antarctic - kulo mmandla emangalisayo - zimelwe ulwelwe blue-eluhlaza. Bona, kunye iintsholongwane kunye ubulembu egubungele emazantsi amanzi acocekileyo. Ezi zityalo zenza Antarctica uqweqwe uxakaxa ashinyeneyo.

ulwelwe Blue-eluhlaza - enye izityalo zindala kwilizwekazi. Ngapha koko, Izidumbu iifosili zafunyanwa imiphezulu kwezimbiwa ezisiwe "mpumalanga" zizazinzulu. Summer angenawo ulwelwe layigubungela ezigcina kumphezulu yonke. Baye apha naphaya ukuze ahlale nkqu kwikhephu, linyibilike kancinane ilanga. elibomvu engabonakali ulele omthubi kunye eluhlaza kunye cluster yayo kuba ingca amatshatshazi, amatshatshazi imibala efana phezulu kwiplanga elimcambalala le mculi.

Buyinto emangalisayo yendalo - ikhephu red - apho nje ngenxa yokungcoliswa ulwelwe ebomvu. It is zemimoya zabo olomeleleyo iinyembezi umoya ukusuka kumphezulu, waphakamisa emoyeni, ukuxubana okuziinkozo ikhephu, kwaye yehla emva emhlabeni, ukudala wento engekhoyo bekhephu ebomvu.

Ngokutsho izibalo izazinzulu, likhaya leentlobo phantse amakhulu asixhenxe ezahlukeneyo lisiza. Abaninzi kubo bangamalungu ukuya diatoms.

lisiza Antarctic

Yaye elwandle Antarctic inokufumaneka Ingca yolwandle elikhulu ubude ukusuka eemitha ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ezingamakhulu amathathu, ezo zibizwa ngokuba maktotsitas. kanye Igama ezi zityalo uthetha ukuba ngokwayo, kuba ukuguqulelwa igama iyalila "krupnokletochnik". Yaye eneneni, ubukhulu iiseli makrotsitasa na enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiseli zezityalo.

ulwandle Antarctic ezinyakazela abantu zezi zityalo emangalisayo. amathanga yazo ifomu wokwenene emahlathini kwamanzi!

Ulele e Antarctica

Eyona kakhulu emva kokuba nezihluma lisiza ka-Antarctica enikwa ulele - ukuba apha kukho iintlobo abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Ulele ziyingxenye isityalo yeklasi encinane, kodwa kuye uhlobo ngokuncedisana of nomngundo kwakunye nezityalo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-flora Antarctic ukuqhayisa nemvelaphi yabo superdrevneyshey - ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi lamawaka. Kwindawo Antarctic ulele ukulawula ukukhula phakathi kwamatye. Kwaye, yokubamba imitha ezinqabileyo kwelanga, abawenza photosynthesis apha.

Imbetha ezahlukahlukeneyo ngemibala ulele. Apha bafumana ukukhanya-oluhlaza,-orenji eqaqambileyo, zholtenkie, izimvi ofana namnyama ... kwaphela! Mhlawumbi kakhulu amaninzi uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ube black ulele ebala - zesiganeko ngokwanelisayo ezinqabileyo ehlabathini. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esilula ukuba loo imibala kunceda isityalo ukuba ufunxe zesixa kwelanga kunye nobushushu, nto leyo olunqabileyo kwi South Pole.

Ulele bebeziqhelanisa imimoya amandla omkhulu ihlunguzela apha. Ngoko ke, ukuba sibambelele nkqi ematyeni, leyo ikhule ukwenza uqweqwe ashinyeneyo. Ndolutshayela okanye ndaxhwitha izityalo kuphela ngemela. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba - "ulele scale."

Kukho ulele enamagqabi, nto leyo nokuba ibe uhlobo ukufana lwangaphandle wokungcola zaziya, apho kukhula kwamatyholo ezincinane. Kodwa abanye baye bakhetha ngokwabo kwaye wenze indawo yokudala nokuhlaliswa - kumphezulu moss.

Ulele zikhula kwimozulu Antarctic ixesha elide, ngokuba uphuhliso lwabo elinganeno kuthintelwa obushushu aphantsi kunye nemimoya enamandla. Akukho ke phantse phezu kwamakhulu kunye needipozithi abaselula glacial. Noko ke, ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana ulele phezu ixesha elide ngaphandle ice zeengxondorha. Oku kuvumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde imbali glaciation e Antarctica.

ubulembu Antarctic

Indawo yesithathu ngokwemiqathango ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilayo ubulembu. Asixhenxe, yaye ngokutsho kwezinye imithombo, asibhozo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi zityalo ikushiye zezityalo ehlabathini lonke. Iziqithi simahla ngumkhenkce, zenza umgquba moss yonke.

Ngaphandle kwe yesiqhelo kwi Antarctica abe marchantiophyta. Ezingamashumi amathathu eyaziwa izimvo zabo. Uninzi ubulembu zizityalo zikho, ngokuba Antarctica njengezwekazi, ebe inabo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi uyazimela kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Ezi ziquka Sarconeurum glaciale, Schistidium antarctici kunye Grimmia antarctici.

Ubulembu kunye ulele bebesenjenjalo lungqanyaniswe nemozulu embi le Antarctic, ukuya yimimoya enamandla kunye namaqondo asezantsi ezisindayo nkqu kumathambeka eNtaba enamatye.

Noko ke, inkoliso ubulembu, ngaphambili wahlala phezu komhlaba, ngokuthe ngcembe "eyabangela ukuba" amadama - amachibi, apho okusingqongileyo ngenxa ezihlala yabo intle kakhulu.

UFern

Esi sityalo umdla ezifana omfisi, ingafunyanwa kwi South Pole. Le yenye yezona indala izilwanyana kweli lizwe. Le isityalo ayikho ibiselityatyambile, ngoko akafuni kufuna uvuvuzelo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ebomini izityalo e-Antarctica. Ngaphandle kokuba imbewu, imithi yefeni ziyazala yi imbewu, ngathi amakhowa. yimimoya enamandla egqubayo e Antarctica, ndiwutwabulule umungu, imbewu, isityalo sabo ekusasazeni.

Flowers abahlala e Antarctica

Ukuba umbuzo ukuba zeziphi izityalo zifumaneka Antarctica, umntu ephendula iintyatyambo, oko phakamisa ehleka. Sekunjalo, yena uya kuba kulungile. Phantse kweshumi izityalo eneentyatyambo ezincinanana inokufumaneka apha.

Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi izityalo eneentyatyambo ezifana ka-Antarctica njengoko Pike kwaye pearlwort Quito eyaziwa, ukwakha bawo encinane evulekile-lugovinki.

ingca iinwele Antarctic

It sisityalo eneentyatyambo herbaceous inomnye igama - Deschampsia Antarctica. Oku kubhekisela kusapho zengca, okanye mjatlikovyh. Ukuze ukhule phezu kwamaxandeka ezintabeni elangeni imihlaba ezilulwalwa, isityalo ufikelela umphakamo ngeesentimitha eziyi-20. Ukuphikelela kwakhe kwaye ukuthanda yokuphila umona: hayi yonke isityalo uyakwazi ukumelana kuneqabaka ezibukhali ezifana ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, nto leyo ngokulula idlulisela pickerel. A ixesha elifutshane ikhula kwaye kulwamkelo emangalisayo yengca lunwele lwakhe lumvumela ukuba baphile kwiimeko egqithiseleyo ngasezantsi polar.

pearlwort Quito

Kolobant crassifolia okanye pearlwort - ngoko ukwabizwa ngokuba intyatyambo - bobabo usapho Caryophyllaceae, kuba iintyatyambo zokuqhubela emhlophe kunye namagqabi aluhlaza kuba luthuthu. Ubude zezityalo omdala lincinane - ukusuka kwisiqingatha ukuya ngokweesentimitha ezintlanu. Bryozoans Antarctic isityalo ebizwa kwakhona kuba kufana ngokuphawulekayo moss kwaye imilo efana komqamelo.

Nohlaza Antarctica - eziphilayo ukutya

Njengokuba kwakunjalo na izilwanyana abaziintsizana Arctic, kodwa apha kukho nemiboniso umdla. flora Antarctic, njengokuba kwenye, ntonje eziphilayo ukutya. Umzekelo, ibhekisela izityalo lokuntshula pringlea, ethi isetyenziswe njengento emifuno enokutyiwa. Iingcali zithi ukuba khaphetshu nto okumnandi nje kuphela yaye nokunesondlo, kodwa utyebile kakhulu iivithamini. Noko ke, njengoko loncedo lwesiphumo ukuba ezinokhwekhwe kukuba ubungqina sele zilawulwa ngokwayo.

Cereal nasemifunweni bluegrass sodidi kunye negama umdla "tuesok" managers kusetyenziswa isondlo iigusha. Amaninzi, le sityalo ifumaneka kwi kwiziqithi ezikufuphi ukuya Antarctica.

izityalo Herbaceous Antarctica, iifoto eziza thaca apha, hit bloklostyu, pallor, ezinye enemibala. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uvuvuzelo ziintyatyambo iqhutywa ngumoya kunokuba izinambuzane, ngoko iintyatyambo ezimibalabala ukuba nomtsalane kwiinyosi, amabhabhathane, iinyosi, njalo njalo nje angafunekiyo - nendalo unikwa ukuphumla.

Ukutshintsha Flora Antarctica

Ngokunxulumene uphando kule ndawo ekude le planethi namhlanje, yaye kuphawula okunika umdla, ngathi yimbonakalo kwezityalo apha, engazange luyakhula. Izazinzulu uthambekele bakholelwa ukuba imbewu uninzi lwabo sele yaziswa nemisinga kwi izihlangu okanye iingxowa abaphandi.

Kananjalo Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba snap ebandayo, kukho ezininzi zezityalo watshabalala imozulu ngqwabalala ngcembe. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba basinda ngokungummangaliso iimbewu ngesiquphe bavuselwe ebomini. Nangona Kwiimeko ezinjalo bodwa okwangoku.