Armenia - ntoni na ke? main

Kwimbali yehlabathi, ezilandelwa impucuko, bevela yaye yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa abantu yonke, iilwimi. Uninzi iintlanga mihla kunye nobuzwe iye yasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane AD yokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kunye amaPersi, amaYuda, kwanamaGrike, kusekho okunye ukwaziwa yamandulo yabantu, ogama abameli wafumana ukwakhiwa iiphiramidi baseYiputa, ukuzalwa Christianity kunye nezinye iziganeko ezininzi edume yamhlamnene. Armenia - ntoni na ke? Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo angabamelwane ezizweni abaseAfrika, yaye yintoni na igalelo labo kwimbali nenkcubeko yehlabathi?

Inkangeleko Armenia

Njengoko nabanye bonke abantu, imvelaphi apho uya kude emva kwimbali elidluleyo ukuvela Armenia edibene iintsomi kunye namabali, kwaye maxa wambi le ntsomi ngomlomo, yathunyelwa kumawaka eminyaka, anike iimpendulo ezicacileyo kwaye ngqo ngaphezu yeengcinga ezininzi ngenzululwazi.

Ngokutsho legend edumileyo, umseki le sokumiswa Armenian kwaye eneneni lonke uhlanga Armenian yi ukumkani wamandulo Ike. Emva phayaa ngenkulungwane yesithathu BC, yena nempi yakhe elunxwemeni of Lake Van. Agasti 11, 2107 BC. e. impi zenzeka phakathi iminyanya Armenia mihla kunye iingalo yaseSamariya ukumkani Utuhengala, apho waphumelela yi Ike. Olu suku ithathwa kwinqanaba lokuqala kwikhalenda yesizwe reference yaye iholide kazwelonke. Igama ukumkani wamnika igama abantu (self Armenia - phezulu).

Ababhali-mbali ukhetha ukusebenzisa i nokuqiqa buthuntu ngakumbi kwaye akuboni, kuhleliyo ukungaqiniseki okukhulu malunga ngemvelaphi yabantu ezifana Armenia. Yeyiphi uhlanga baya - ke ingxoxo olwenziwe ngabenzi bophando abahlukeneyo.

Inyaniso kukuba kummandla we-Armenian Plateau kwi BC nenkulungwane yokuqala. e. kwakukho likarhulumente impucuko ephuhliswe kakhulu - Urartu. Abameli abantu hurarty ugalelwe nabantu basekuhlaleni, ngokuthe ngcembe wathabatha ulwimi bazakhela uhlanga efana Armenia. Oko abanazo iminyaka engamawaka amabini, noko kwafuneka nazo - kwenye drama.

Imbali yomzabalazo kulungiselwa uchazo

Zonke sizwe ubuso kwimbali yawo kuhlasela amazwe, angakwenzi utshintshe ngoyena ndoqo yesizwe. yonke imbali Armenia - asukuzana bahlaseli ezininzi. NamaPersi, amaGrike, Arabhu, Turks - bonke bashiya uphawu yabo kwimbali Armenia. Nangona kunjalo, abantu bamandulo kunye nolwimi lwabo olubhaliweyo, ulwimi kunye zithobela tribal liyaxhathisa kwakungelula budibane, ukuze ukunyibilika phakathi abafuduki ulwimi lwasemzini. Yonke le nto waxhathisa yi Armenia. Inkolo ukuba yintoni na, ukuba uhlobo abamelwane - le miba nabo babe phantsi ivuse.

Ukuphendula lo ngokuphindaphindiweyo yenziwe yi nokugxothwa ngenkani amanyathelo abantu kummandla Iran, Turkey, yalungiswa kohlanga. Umphumo waba amazwe kwenqwaba of Armenia kulo lonke ihlabathi, ngenxa yoko le diasporas yesizwe zinkulu kakhulu kwaye phakathi kwamaqela noFaro kakhulu oluhlangeneyo ehlabathini lonke.

Ngenkulungwane XVIII, umzekelo, oko kwenziwe kunikwe kwakho Caucasians kwi elunxwemeni Don, apho waseka isixeko Nakhichevan-on-Don. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu Armenia engasezantsi Russia.

inkolo

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlanga ezininzi, ukuba kunokwenzeka yokwazi ukuba ngowuphi unyaka Armenia bamkela ubuKristu. Church sikaZwelonke ngomnye omdala ehlabathini kangangexesha elide yafumana inkululeko. isithethe Folk and ngokucacileyo unika amagama abashumayeli zokuqala abatsha ngexesha ukholo - Thaddeus noBhartolomeyu. Ngowe-301 King Trdat III wagqiba kwelokuba ubuKristu njengonqulo karhulumente.

Abantu abaninzi badla elichithwe impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni ukholo Armenia. Apho ngumsinga kubhekisela - amaKatolika, Orthodox? Enyanisweni, nkqu embindini AD ngenkulungwane yesine, kwagqitywa ekubeni elizimeleyo abefundisi kunye unyulo obeku-. Kungekudala, i-Armenian Apostolic Church ekugqibeleni alishiye aseByzantium bazimele ngokupheleleyo. Chalcedon wachaza iimfundiso ezisisiseko ibandla lendawo iminyaka 451 ubudala, nto leyo imicimbi eminye eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka imimiselo ye ekufuphi Orthodox.

ulwimi

Ulwimi kugqiba iminyaka abantu, yenza ukuba eme phakathi kwezinye iintlanga. ulwimi Armenian baqala lasungulwa emva phakathi kwewaka BC 1. e. kwi kummandla Urartu. abahlaseli Alien agxile hurarty nabantu basekuhlaleni yaye wathabatha ulwimi lwakhe njengesiseko. Armenian sithathwa njengomnye lweelwimi ezininzi mandulo zaseYurophu Indo-. Kungenxa kusapho Indo yaseYurophu-iilwimi kuquka phantse kuzo zonke iintlanga eYurophu yanamhlanje, India, kunye Iran.

Abanye abaphandi baye bade babeke phambili Cingela ngenkalipho ukuba iziyelelane yamandulo Armenian oko ulwimi Proto-Indo-European, ukusuka apho kamva kwavela i IsiNgesi mihla, French, Russian, Persian kunye nezinye iilwimi yinxalenye enkulu yabantu ehlabathini namhlanje.

yokubhala

Kunzima ukulondoloza ulwimi lwabo, inkcubeko kunye nobuwena lesizwe, hayi ukugcina ulwazi lomelele. Own ukubhala - enye impendulo yombuzo Armenia - into ayiyo.

Iziqalelo zokuqala oonobumba yayo wavela phambi kwexesha lamaKristu. Ababingeleli zamabandla Armenian owasungula ngokwabo ikhowudi bazo, apho bakha iincwadi zabo ezingcwele. Noko ke, emva kokumiselwa ubuKristu zonke ezikhumbuzo ezibhaliweyo Armenia yamandulo aqotywa njenge yobuhedeni. UbuKristu naye wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ukuvela oonobumba yesizwe.

Emva kokufumana inkululeko i-Armenian Apostolic Church mbuzo wokuguqulela iBhayibhile kunye nezinye iincwadi ezingcwele ngolwimi lwabo. Kwagqitywa, kunye nokudalwa izixhobo lokurekhoda yakhe. Kwiminyaka 405-406 enlightener Mesrop Mashtots yaqulunqa oonobumba Armenian. Ne cofa ushicilelo incwadi yokuqala kwi oonobumba Armenian yapapashwa ngo-1512 e Venice.

isiko

Amasiko abantu abanekratshi baye nzulu nkulungwane BC 1. e. Kwanasemva kokuba ilahleko nokuzimela Armenia igcinwe nentsusa kwento kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu uphuhliso yobuciko nesayensi. Emva kokuba ukubuyiselwa kwenkulungwane IX yobukumkani ozimeleyo Armenian kweza uhlobo ekuvuselelweni yenkcubeko.

Ukuveliswa ukubhala ezabo iye yaba negalelo onamandla ukuvela lwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Ngowe VIII-X iinkulungwane wabumba amaqhawe iingangamsha "UDavide Sasunsky" malunga kumzabalazo wokulwa boyisa Arab ezibe Armenia. Koko bathe bakuyila zesikhumbuzo zoncwadi - isihloko incoko eyahlukileyo ebanzi.

Umculo ezizwe abaseAfrika - otyebileyo kwisihloko sengxoxo. A iintlobo ethile avelele Armenian. Xa abantu original - izixhobo zomculo yokuqala. Njengeduduk umculo uye yabekwa kuluhlu yi-UNESCO njengomnye iinjongo kwamagugu aphathekayo amasiko abantu.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba izinto bemveli inkcubeko kakhulu ngabantu abaqhelekileyo uqhelene thandwayo Armenian. amaqebengwana Thin - Pita isonka, iimveliso zobisi - matsun, tan. Akukho self-ngokuphathelele usapho Armenian akayi kuhlala etafileni apho kukho nentsuba yewayini, ngokufuthi ekhaya.

Amaphepha abamnyama kwimbali

Nayiphi ungubani abantu bawuphikisa niwuxhathisa ukufunxeka kunye nokwenziwa uba into eyomeleleyo ngentiyo zabahlaseli. Koloni naseMpuma Armenian, yahlulwa phakathi yamaPersi Turks, iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kuthotyelwe phantsi kohlanga. Eyona idumileyo ke kohlanga Armenian, kwabakho into kwimbali.

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, baseTurkey waququzelela kulitshabalalisa yokwenene kakhulu Armenia abahlala kummandla of Western eArmenia, ilungu ke Turkish. Abo basindayo kubulawa, zaye phantsi nokugxothwa ngenkani entlango uludlolo kwaye ayinakuze iphumelele.

Ngenxa yesi senzo nanto okungenaluzsini ngokubulala abantu 1.5 ukuya 2 million. Intlekele kwabangcangcazelisayo ngomnye wemiba ukuba bangaphezu esihlanganisa Armenia kulo lonke ihlabathi nemvo inxaxheba kwiziganeko loo minyaka.

Ukunganyaniseki le abasemagunyeni Turkish kukuba abakafuni ukwamkela nezibakala ezicacileyo imbokodo ngabom abantu okusekeke ngokobuhlanga, wayebhekisela kunqandwa sempi. Ukoyika ephelelwe ubuso yokuvuma ityala kwaye ngoku ilawula ingqiqo isazela kunye ihlazo ezopolitiko Turkish.

Armenia. Ngayo namhlanje

Kukangaphi joke ngoku, Armenia - akukho lizwe, yaye i-ofisi, njengoko uninzi yesizwe abahlala ngaphandle kwiriphabliki entabeni. Abantu abaninzi baye saa kulo lonke ihlabathi ngenxa yeemfazwe kuloyiso ayehlasela lizwe. Armenian yamaJuda, kunye yamaYuda namhlanje kakhulu omanyeneyo nengqwalasela kumazwe amaninzi - i-US, eFransi, eJamani, eRashiya, Lebanon.

Armenia ngokwayo wabuyela ukuzimela yayo akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, kunye ngokuwa USSR. Le nkqubo kunye imfazwe eyabulala abantu abaninzi Nagorno-Karabakh, ekuthiwa Artsakh Armenia. Ngokuthanda abezopolitiko, wonqanyulwa, emdeni nakwiiriphabliki Transcaucasian, intsimi enabantu ubukhulu becala Armenian yaba yinxalenye Azerbaijan.

Ngexesha ngokuwa ubukhosi eSoviet, Armenia of Karabakh lufuna ilungelo esivakalayo self-determination lwekamva labo. Oku kubangele umzabalazo wezigalo kunye imfazwe elandelayo Armenia kunye Azerbaijan. Nangona inkxaso Turkey kunye namanye amazwe, uncedo kakhulu kwamanani, umkhosi Azerbaijani lahluleka ityumza yaye washiya intsimi ingxabano.

Armenia iminyaka emininzi abahlala eRashiya, ingakumbi eninzi kubo apha emzantsi. Ngeli xesha babengayeki ukuba uhlanga emehlweni abantu balapha babe yinxalenye yoluntu yenkcubeko.