Abathwali inkulu ehlabathini. abathwali moya Modern zehlabathi

Aircraft yenethiwekhi - inqanawa ukulwa kunye nenjongo yeqhinga. Amandla ephambili okuphawuleka e eyama, akhiwe kwi kumgangatho. Ezi zigebenga zonke ukulungisa, ulondolozo, kunye nokugcinwa ntaka kunye moya okwethutyana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke abathwali asebenzayo yehlabathi ezinkulu ngobukhulu, kwakunye nezixhobo kakhulu mihla. Makhe sithethe ngalo mbandela ngokweenkcukacha kwaye sijonge ezinye iinqanawa ezinkulu iinkcukacha. Phakathi kwabo kuya kuba ilivo kwaye emi phezu abathwali moya axhobe.

ulwazi jikelele

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala inkulu abathwali moya wehlabathi ndaqalisa ukusebenzisa IsiNgesi ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi 1st. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, urhulumente waseBritani waqonda ukuba ukukhusela umda kulula kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izithuthi mobile. I-Second World War amaNgesi babeqhuba kwinani cruisers, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha zilishiye eli ubunkokheli US. Njengoko le meko ngoku, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo abathwali kweli dabi kuphela iiyunithi, sithwele eyama umkhosi encinane, kodwa njengendlela soqhagamshelwano, esivumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza abelane ngolwazi. Iimfuneko ezingundoqo ezisebenza imikhosi exhobileyo - na ukuhamba, ngoko iiyunithi yokulwa moya badlala indima ephambili iimfazwe ezininzi. Noko ke, ukuba enokwenzeka exchange zenyukliya, inkulu abathwali moya ihlabathi liya kuba injongo ephambili. ephehla ezinamandla ukuvumela ukuba elwandle evulekileyo eminyaka.

iziphathi-moya bazigcina

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isebenzisa ezininzi esebenzayo iinqanawa enjalo US Navy. Kwi isixhobo lizwe kudla abathwali malunga 11 moya-10 kuthelekelelwe, ngoxa kwi Russian Federation enye kuphela yangoku yaye ezimbini zisakhiwa. cruisers US osetyenziswayo ukusombulula iingxabano e Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo, njalo-njalo.

Lokuqala US moya carrier, nto leyo yaba isimiso enyukliya ebhodini, yakhiwa ngo-1961 yaye igama "Enterprise". Namhlanje yenye iinqanawa ezinkulu ehlabathini. Ubude bayo kweemitha 342.

Kwi-USSR Admiral Kuznetsov Ndandicinga ukuba abathwali moya kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, phantsi umyalelo wakhe eziku ukwakha cruisers eziliqela, kodwa emveni kokuphuma Admiral Gorshkov Kuznetsova iprojekthi entsha ivaliwe. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo senziwa ngonyaka 67 nendawo "Minsk", "eKiev" yaye "Novorossiysk".

Lo moya abathwali inkulu ehlabathini

Into yokuqala ukuthetha iinqanawa kunye moya eklasini kwibhodi "Nimitz". Ezi zigebenga zezona enkulu kakhulu kwaye unamandla, hayi nje kuphela kweli US kodwa ihlabathi jikelele. malunga kuphela ezilishumi imikhumbi ezakhiweyo. Ngamnye kubo malini urhulumente malunga 4.5-5.0 billion zeerandi. yenethiwekhi yokugqibela ithathwa ukuba enamandla kakhulu kwaye ogama lakhe behlonipha le-41 US UMongameli George HW Bush. On ibhodi "Dzhordzh Bush" ntli malunga 90 lamaqhosha kwezixhobo. Apha kunye abalwa zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye gunships ntaka. Kuthathwa ukuba moya carrier "Nimitz" iklasi nganye iya esebenza kangangeminyaka engama-50, yaye kuphela emva koko uya kubhala off. Kodwa US sele iqalisile ukwakha kwisizukulwana esilandelayo iinqanawa. Yezizathu oku kuya kuba abathwali "Gerald Ford" ukulwa amandla iya kwandiswa kancinane, kwakunye nenani moya abathuthwayo.

Ezinamandla kakhulu inkulu moya othwala Russian Federation

YiSoviet Union-in-Chief Fleet, Admiral Kuznetsov, ngenene yona ubuntu obalaseleyo. enzima moya-ethwele Cruiser kwegama elifanayo yakhiwa kwinkumbulo yakhe. Ubude bayo laliziimitha 305 kunye neesentimitha ezili-10. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo yokuba nshita abathwali zophuhliso Western-style of Abakhi Soviet zahlukile kakhulu. Ukuba kukho kuphela kwezikhali le Cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov". Kwamenywa ezinkulu-bodidi guns anti-moya, ufakelo anti-itanki, inomzimba kwezikhali kunye nangaphezulu. Enyanisweni, kukho isixhobo enzima sokuzikhusela ekhubekisayo. Konke oku, kunye nezixhobo yezokubhabha waqhubeka ebhodini, inqanawa yenza obulalayo nolusebenzayo kwimisebenzi yokulwa. Ngelo xesha ababekhwele kweso sikhephe kusenokuba iiyunithi 40 moya. Malunga nama-30-moya (iphiko esisigxina) kunye ntaka-10.

Kulungiswe "Admiral Kuznetsov" okanye "Liaoning"

Le nqanawa yaba carrier moya wokuqala, nto leyo eye wabeka China izixhobo zayo. Ekuqaleni, lo "Liaoning" yakhiwa kwi Nikolayev zalapho e Ukraine ukuze zisetyenziswe eSoviet Union. Noko ke, emva kokuba kwawa iSoviet carrier moya waya Ukraine, emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza, ngoko ke eliqhelekileyo, yaye kungabi ekugqibile inqanawa, wathengisa ngayo ngenxa million $ kuphela-20 ukuya eTshayina. I-Chinese ndizise wakhumbula Cruiser waza wammisa ezingalweni zakhe. Ukuba zikho zonke abathwali moya unamandla zehlabathi, "Liaoning" ziya kuba yenye yeendawo zokuqala. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwathiwa yenzelwe elandela umzekelo Cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov", ezinye iinguqulelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ababekhwele kweso sikhephe a Ammo kuphela ezinkulu, nto leyo eya kuthatha iiyure eziliqela yokulwa obukhulu, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu moya. Xa "Liaoning" China kusetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha abaqhubi.

"Merlin" evela India

Okwangoku kwinkonzo kunye Indian Navy moya yenethiwekhi 2. Omnye wabo unalo igama "Vikramaditya", ubude bayo umalunga 283-284 eemitha. Igama lokuqala enqanaweni "Baku" okanye "eKiev iguqulwe kancinane." Ku yakhiwa emva eSoviet Union, kodwa emva kokuba kwawa Russia ligqibe ukubhala-off isitya, nto leyo ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu yokugcina imo yokusebenza nezixhobo. Ngo-2004, i-yenethiwekhi moya wathengiswa $ 2.5 billion ngo-India. Kulo mzekelo, inqanawa yafakwa nabalwi Russian kunye nezixhobo. Ukuba abize bonke abathwali moya mihla zehlabathi, "Vikramaditya" ngomnye wabo. Ngo-2013, inqanawa ezifakwa inkonzo. Aircraft yenethiwekhi yale iklasi okuqhubeka kwibhodi nama-36 moya, ikakhulu Jets umlweli Russian-eyenziwe.

Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Sao Paulo"

Aircraft othwala i "Clemenceau" simi phezu iingalo yaseFransi iminyaka 39. Kwakukho ezinjalo iinqanawa ezimbini. Omnye ngo 2000, kwathiwa, yaye okwesibini - Brazil wathengisa nje 12 ezigidi zeerandi. Ekubeni ukuthengwa iinjineli laseBrazil, exhaswa ngoogxa French baye baqalisa ukuba liphucule nqanawa. Utshintsho eqhaqhwe izixhobo kuphela, nto leyo eye Balungisa phantse ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kumgangatho moya, nto leyo nako ukwandisa noko. iinjini Ekugqibeleni, kwakukho zahlukene, zonke iintlobo cone, njl Kodwa kunzima ukutsho ukuba i "São Paulo" lisoloko zonke ezilungileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2005 no-2012 kwabakho umlilo, nto leyo yakhokelela ekufeni oomatiloshe eziliqela. "Sao Paulo" okuqhubeka kwibhodi iziqwenga 39 lwezixhobo. amandla kakubi, waqonda, "Skyhawk" - ukukhanya yaseMelika ukuhlasela moya. ubude beenqanawa - iimitha 264 80 ubude.

"Sharl De Goll"

Okwangoku, i- Navy French abaxhobileyo kunye abathwali eziliqela. Omnye kubo, "Sharl De Goll". Enyanisweni, lo nqanawa yeyona yenethiwekhi kuphela moya enyukliya, nto leyo kwinkonzo kunye US Navy. Ukwakhiwa inqanawa kuxabisa urhulumente malunga $ 4 billion. Usungulo phezu yenethiwekhi moya ngo-2000, nangona eyayicwangciselwe ukuba uyenze ibe ngaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima sathintelwa sokwakha. Ukususela atom reactor, isitya nga iflowuthi ngaphandle kokufaka malunga neminyaka engama-20 kwaye kuthuthwa kwibhodi malunga 40 iiyunithi zobunjineli jukwini. Ngaba ngokuphindaphindiweyo lowu kwi 93 kunyaka th ababekhwele kweso "Sharl De Goll" iintlola ngokunyebelezela MI-6 owathi, nangona wakwazi ukuba ukuhlola umkhombe, kodwa akaba nako ukufumana Yidlulise nayo, ekubeni bambamba. Okwangoku, abathwali ezininzi ehlabathini jikelele bathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zomkhosi, yaye "Sharl De Goll" phakathi kwabo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, imikhumbi ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka iziphathi-moya. Kakade ke, namhlanje ukongamela yolwandle bobabo eUnited States, ngokuba iinqanawa zabo apho kwakhona, kufuneka izixhobo zale mihla. Noko ke, kukho amathuba zombini eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe, afana neJapan, United Kingdom. Okwangoku, kukho inani elikhulu leeprojekthi ithemba. Umzekelo, kulo nyaka Japan uceba ukuthoba yenethiwekhi kwamanzi ngemveliso yazo of "Izumo". Noko ke, ekubeni Japan akanayo imvume ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa abathwali moya, yena ukuba abe ntaka. Kulo nyaka phezu kwamanzi kufuneka afumane namaNdiya "Viktrant", yaye ngo-2020 - "Kuin Elizabet" (UK). Oko konke ukuba ukwazi ukumchazela ukuba yintoni na, abathwali ilungileyo ihlabathi, yaye yintoni na ephawulekayo, nganye kwezi yamaRefa.