Russian Industry Nuclear: Industry, indlela ezingundoqo kunye nemisebenzi

Ekubeni umkhankaso ngo-1954 kwisixeko Obninsk, isityalo yokuqala igunya ehlabathini ezisebenzayo amandla izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo uranium, iqala imbali yakhe ushishino lwenyukliya. Kwacetywa ukuba umlinganiselo amandla enyukliya ukuya phezulu kwewaka lesibini liya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-25% kwimveliso umbane ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, ngenxa iingozi ezinzulu, kuquka iChernobyl ngonyaka 2000 ngokusebenzisa amafutha enyukliya belwenziwe phandle% 6 kuphela umbane yehlabathi.

Noko ke, nangona baqhube kakubi kakhulu kushishino baseka iindawo ezimbalwa. Asezikhundleni a ngokubaluleka enkulu yezoqoqosho, nasekuziqiniseni mveliso amacandelo kumazwe amaninzi.

Umbutho we ushishino lwenyukliya

Kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane yophuhliso yeteknoloji yenyukliya baseRashiya kwasekwa ezine ezinkulu, kuhlangene kwamanye esimbaxa ngasinye zenzululwazi nezoshishino:

1. Energy. Ophethe kwemigodi, nokusebenzisa kunye nokuveliswa kwamafutha enyukliya, ukudalwa amashishini kwiindawo ezifana amandla enyukliya, kushishino, ushishino lwenyukliya.
2. Izixhobo. Yongamela uphuhliso kunye nokuvavanywa iindidi ezintsha kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
3. ukhuseleko imisebe. Ijolise ukukhusela isizukulwana esikhoyo nesizayo ukusuka lineziphumo eziyingozi ionizing radiation.
4. amayeza Nuclear. Nokufakelwa amalungiselelo iradionuclide kwi isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwezifo.

Kwakhona kumashishini yenyukliya kwaye iquka entsokothileyo uphando, nto leyo ibandakanyeka uphuhliso lolwazi olubalulekileyo kunye ufakwe kwi physics yenyukliya kwaye yenyukliya icebreaker izithuthi. Okwangoku, ushishino lwenyukliya Russian kuquka iinkampani ezingaphezulu kwama-250. main umsebenzi walo - ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi yeteknoloji yenyukliya ukulungiselela iinjongo uxolo.

energy complex

Ngenxa uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo oshishino yenyukliya kunye nokhuseleko lizwe, onke amandla buzinze ezandleni kaRhulumente Corporation "Rosatom". Yaba yena owayephethe kophuhliso kunye nokusasazwa ubugcisa zenyukliya kwicandelo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Uranium ke misela kakhulu Kazakhstan. Ushishino lwenyukliya liceba ukwandisa imida yayo, yaye basebenzisane namanye amazwe - Namibia, eArmenia, eKhanada.

zophuculo uranium libandakanywe Iinkampani ezine joint-stock, kunye nokuveliswa amafutha enyukliya inkampani enkulu "TVEL", ebonelela zonke 10 olusebenza izityalo amandla enyukliya eRashiya, kwakunye-17% yazo zonke izityalo amandla enyukliya ehlabathini.

Izixhobo zenyukliya Complex

ke Enterprises izixhobo zenyukliya entsonkothileyo na amacandelwana ezahlukeneyo zoshishino zokhuselo ka-Russia. Zisebenza ngokubambisana kunye neminye imibutho, kuquka iinkampani yoluntu. Kubathengi ephambili kwimveliso samandla enyukliya kweli candelo zezona kaloliwe, izithuthi kunye noshishino oyile negesi.

Umsebenzi ophambili ka-Working, ebandakanya ushishino lwenyukliya, wenza lo mgaqo-nkqubo kwiinzame zokuthintela inyukliya - nokukhuselwa mmandla kunye abemi kwilizwe izixhobo zenyukliya kwamanye amazwe. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isakhiwo kuquka amaziko eziliqela zenyukliya federal.

Imisebe Safety Complex

Ukukhusela abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo nokubhenca kwemitha - an imfundiso engaguquki "Rosatom".

Ukuphumeza oku, i-complex kuquka iinkampani eziliqela, nto leyo ngonyaka ugqiba kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokhuselekileyo lwamashishini ekhoyo ushishino lwenyukliya. iiprojekthi ukhuseleko kubenzi benyukliya kwiintlekele zemvelo, izenzo abagrogrisi, kwakunye kokusingqongileyo kwimitha apha ziyaphuhliswa kwaye ziyaphunyezwa.
• Ukulahlwa kwiintsalela lwezibaso, kwakunye nokuphelisa kwezibonelelo ezidilikileyo "Project Atomic" USSR.

Ngonyaka kukulungisa le miba ushishino lwenyukliya ifumana engange malunga billion 150.

amayeza nuclear

Ngentsebenziswano ne-Federal Biomedical Arhente wadala iyeza entsonkothileyo enyukliya, nto leyo eya kuba lizimele ngokupheleleyo. Sele kusungulwe Pet-iziko (i ukukhutshwa Itomography) nezixhobo eziza ukuchonga nisaqala zophuhliso ithumba, Ukudlulela kunye izilonda zophendlo lwezifo.

Esi sakhiwo iquka iilebhu ukuba Ukwabiwa izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo kunye nolawulo olunobulunga, njengoko kwakunye ngqo kumaziko zonyango, apho uxilongo kunye nonyango kwizigulane.

technology Nuclear ke ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu. Ngoku kweli lizwe kule ndawo liqesha malunga 190 lamawaka. Man. Yaye akumangalisi ukuba urhulumente ichazwa ngosuku lwekhalenda - Septemba 28 ukuba umqeshwa ushishino lwenyukliya kungathathwa iholide yabo abaqeqeshiweyo.