Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo American: kuluhlu. Projects ngwenya nuclear

Wenqanawa naliphi na ilizwe - yindlela enamandla zongcoliseko neAfrika. Imikhumbi ngwenya, ebusweni bazo kuchaphazela namaZwe kunye kwengxabano iingxabano. Ukuba ngenkulungwane XIX, iBritani lichazwa icala emdeni frigates lomkhosi, kwinkulungwane XX inkokheli elwandle uba ubenesinqanawa-United States of America. Ngwenya yaseMelika abadlale indima.

ekuqakatheni

Inkwili fleet ufumana baseMelika iye ibaluleka. Ngokwembali, eli lizwe wayethintelwe imida emanzini, kube nzima ukuba ukuhlasela neyokusithela utshaba. Ekubeni kwihlabathi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo mihla zasemanzini imijukujelwa "inkwili - umoya", le mida yaye kuya kusanda bafuni Melika.

ngxabano kuxhotyiwe wezangaphandle kunye namazwe Muslim yenza kusisisongelo kubomi labemi Melika wokwenene. Islamists Iranian bangabi ashiywe iinzame zabo ukuze bazuze evuthayo "inkwili - emoyeni", kwaye kuyingozi kuwo onke amaziko eselunxwemeni America. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, intshabalalo iya kuba kakhulu. Wuxhathise kuhlaselwa sele ukusuka amanzi ibe welinye icala elinye kuphela.

Umongameli US ngoku uDonald Trump kwi ingxoxo yakhe yokuqala wathi iceba ukwandisa ngakumbi US ngwenya fleet. Kodwa phantsi komqathango omnye - ukunciphisa indleko yalo. Le yinto kubalulekile ukucinga iinkampani ukuba kwakhiwe ii nkwili US yenyukliya. Kufaniswe sele apho. Emva uDonald Trump wathi nesibheno iBoeing Inkampani sonikezelo ukulwa atshiphu, inkampani Lockheed Martin ibingayinciphisanga ixabiso mlweli F -35.

ekulweni amandla

Namhlanje, i-US izikhephe ngwenya na amandla ubukhulu becala atomic. Oku kuthetha ukuba ekuqhubeni imisebenzi kwi amandla lupwa ziya kuphela ukutya kunye namanzi ebhodini. Le lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kakhulu ezininzi udidi "Los Angeles." Oku wesithathu-sizukulwana izikhephe kunye ukubana abantu malunga 7 iitoni, ubunzulu yokuntywila ukuya kwiimitha ezili-300 yaye zibiza malunga $ 1 yezigidi. Okwangoku ke, eMelika endaweni yazo izikhephe nakwesesine isizukulwana "Virginia" iklasi, axhotyiswe ngcono yaye ezixabisa $ 2.7 million. Kwaye le ntengo ugwetyelwa abaqhuba ngayo ubomi.

effectives

Namhlanje, i Navy US ukhokela kunye nenombolo, yaye kuxhotyiswe kwakhona iingalo aselwandle. Le imikhosi yomkhosi yaseUnited States ibandakanya 14 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zikhali kunye 58 ngwenya ukuhlasela.

US zomkhosi inkwili yezithuthi lixhotyiswe iintlobo ezimbini ngwenya:

• Ocean isikhephe wokuhlolwa. inkwili Deep-elwandle, neziinjongo zazo unikezelo izixhobo ukuya khona kunye nomba mijukujelwa weave. Ngamanye amazwi, zibizwa qhinga. Defense izixhobo ayimeleyo a firepower olomeleleyo.
• "Boats - abazingeli." -High speed izikhephe, iinjongo kunye neenjongo ezo ubhetyebhetye: yokuthumela imijukujelwa imikhumbi kunye namajoni kummandla ephikisanayo, ukuhlasela imibane, atshabalalise imikhosi yotshaba. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Loo ebizwa nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo. Okukodwa yabo - isantya, uphume kunye cwaka.

Qala yophuhliso yeNavigeyishini kwamanzi eMelika iqala phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Umthamo we nqaku akuthethi ibonisa uluhlu enjalo lwazi. Siya kugxininisa ezikhalini enyukliya, awathi emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yena. Wayo arsenal kwamanzi wenyukliya ye omkhosi of America kuya kuqhuba, ukuthobela kwazo umgaqo.

I enyukliya lokuqala iyahlolwa

Ngo Connecticut zalapho e Groton ngoJanuwari 1954 oko yasungulwa ngwenya American yokuqala "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) kunye ukubana ka-4 million tons kunye nobude leemitha 100. Yena weza uhambo lokuqala kulo nyaka. Yeyona "Nautilus" ngo-1958 I-yokuqala yaqhutyelwa phantsi kwamanzi e North Pole ukuba beziza kuphela usizi - kohlulwe periscope yokumka kweenkqubo navigation. Kwaba iyahlolwa kwaye multi-injongo inomzimba iphenyane kuphela ufakelo sonar kwi isaphetha, kunye torpedoes nangasemva. Ngwenya "Barracuda" (1949-1950) ubonisa indawo ye kakhulu yimpumelelo.

Nuclear US lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kokufika unyanzelekile injineli yomkhosi wamanzi, yangasemva Admiral uHyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Ukulandela iprojekthi elingwayo lo USS Seawolf (SSN-575), khululwa ngo ikopi enye ngo-1957. Lanikwa reactor zesinyithi ulwelo njengoko njengesipholisi kwi-reactor loop yokuqala.

I-nuclear kwimveliso yokuqala

Uthotho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezine kwakhiwa 1956-1957, - "Skate» (USS Skate). Baba yinxalenye US imikhosi exhobileyo kwaye azicinywanga ngasekupheleni-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Uthotho izikhephe ezintandathu - «Skipjack» (1959). De-1964, lo ngcelele inkulu. Izikhephe waba "albakorovskuyu" imilo umzimba kunye nezinga eliphezulu ukuya kuthotho "Los Angeles".

Ngelo xesha linye (1959-1961) baqalisa uthotho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezizodwa zenyukliya inani ezintlanu - ". Dzhordzh Vashington" Le yiprojekthi lokuqala weave iphenyane. isikhephe ngasinye zefula 16 imijukujelwa polaris A-1. ukuchaneka ngokudubula anda hygroscopic gulwa izihlandlo ezihlanu lunciphisa awo kubunzulu yeemitha 50.

Oku kulandelwe iiprojekthi ze lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enyukliya Umzekelo olunye kungcelele umfuniselo Triton, Halibut, Tullibe. abayili yaseMelika baye kwaye lugqibelele inkqubo kweenkqubo navigation namandla.

Uthotho enkulu lwezikhephe emininzi, sithatha Skipjack, iqulathe lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya 14 Treaher.Poslednyaya ke kuyekiswa ngo-1996.

Series Benjamin Franklin - lweenqanawa ezintywilayo SSBNs "Lafayette". Kuqala bexhobe mijukujelwa weave. Kule 70s rearmed kunye evuthayo "Poseidon" emva koko "Ababhali-1." Elinambini izikhephe Series Benjamin Franklin wajoyina umkhosi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zesicwangciso-1960, ngokuthi "41 phezu labalindi inkululeko." Yonke imikhombe umkhosi aye igama emva amanani kwimbali yaseMelika.

Le series inkulu - USS Sturgeon - lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya emininzi iquka lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 37, wadala kwisithuba 1871 ukuya 1987. A isici esasenza - izinga lengxolo elisezantsi kwaye utsale abenzi ukuze ice ukuhamba.

Izikhephe bakhonza US Navy

Ukususela 1976 ukuya ku-1996, ekuxhobiseni Navy wenza lweenqanawa ezintywilayo emininzi uchwetheza Los Angeles. Total yavelisa 62 amaphenyane kolu ngcelele, olu ngcelele inkulu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo multi-njongo. torpedoes kwezikhali kunye nkqo izindululi imijukujelwa "Tomahawk" kunye neenkqubo homing le. Abasithoba izikhephe Los Angeles-class wathabatha inxaxheba Gulf War. Reactor kaWonke PWR S6G 26 MW eyenziwe yi "Electric General". Yiyo nale ngcelele uqala isiko ukuba igama amagama izikhephe izixeko of America. Namhlanje, njengenxalenye ye-US Navy ezi 40 izikhephe le udidi nkonzo yokulwa.

Uthotho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zikhali, ekhutshwe ukususela 1881 ukuya 1997, iqulathe lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 18 imijukujelwa ballistic kwibhodi - uthotho "Ohio". Ngwenya bexhobele nale ngothotho 24 imijukujelwa enjalo ballistic isikhokelo ngamnye. Kuba ukhuselo, bona abaxhobileyo netyhubhu ezine inomzimba. "Ohio" - ngwenya, nto leyo isisiseko imikhosi ekhubekisayo ye US Navy,-60% yexesha yena elwandle.

Le projekthi entsha lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya isizukulwana wesithathu multi-injongo "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Le yiprojekthi imfihlelo US Navy. Wabizwa ngokuba "ngendlela ephuculiweyo Los Angeles" kuba cwaka kakhulu. Wabonakala ke wanyamalala radars zifihlakele. Isizathu - sound zokwambathisa ezizodwa ukutyabeka, ekungaphumelelini Screw bakhetha uhlobo jet injini kunye nokuqaliswa ngokubanzi cone ingxolo. Formation Isantya amaqhina-20, nto leyo nengxolo efanayo "Los Angeles", nto leyo imi phezu kwini. Zonke izikhephe kolu ngcelele amathathu "Seawolf", "CT" yaye "Dzhimmi Karter". Le yokugqibela lo msebenzi ngo-2005, yaye le isikhephe elawula terminator kwixesha yesibini komdyarho umabonwakude "terminator:. I-Sarah Connor YeziKronike" kanye kwakhona Oku kukuqinisekisa ubume kwamnandi ezi izikhephe zombini imbonakalo kunye nesiqulatho. "Dzhimmi Karter" ukwabizwa ngokuba 'elephant white "phakathi yobulungu ubukhulu (ubude mfo isikhephe 30 eemitha). Yaye ngokutsho iimpawu zayo , le inkwili kunokuthathwa sele ii nkwili.

Kwamanzi latest amaphenyane isizukulwana

elizayo US Navy xa imikhumbi ehamba baqalisa 2000 iminyaka kwaye ezinxulumene iklasi entsha USS Virginia ngwenya eklasini. Isikhephe yokuqala yale iklasi SSN-744 sisungulwe kwaye ufake ukusebenza ngo-2003.

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ye US Navy olu hlobo kuthiwa ngasendlwini yezikrweqe ngokuvuselela yokugcina izixhobo, yaye "mkhanya efanelekileyo", kuba iinkqubo zinzima kwaye ethe sensory afaka kwi ii nkwili.

Ukuqhuba phezu kwamanzi nzulu kakhulu lunika injini atom kunye reactor zenyukliya, nto leyo igcinwe isicwangciso mfihlakalo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba reactor ilungiselelwe ebomini engama-30. Inqanaba ingxolo ncitshiswa ngale emagumbini inkqubo ayinabantu noyilo yakutshanje block amandla with "umlomo" ngeso lenyama.

iimpawu yokusebenza jikelele USS amaphenyane udidi Virginia, leyo namhlanje bathunywa elishumi:

• izinga amaqhina ukuya ku 34 (64 km / h);
• ediphini ubunzulu kweemitha ukuya ku-448;
• ukususela 100 amalungu abasebenzi 120;
• Umphezulu ukubana - iitoni 7.8;
• a ubude kweemitha ezingama-200 kunye ububanzi malunga-10 eemitha;
• uhlobo lwesityalo amandla enyukliya kaWonke S9G.

Xa iyonke, la manqaku inika kokukhutshwa 28 inkwili "Virginia" kunye ukutshintshwa chu isixhobo Navy malunga nakwesesine isizukulwana lwezikhephe.

Boat Mishel Obamy

Ngo August kunyaka ophelileyo kule ndawo yokwakhela ngumkhosi Groton (CT) wayethunywe iklasi-13 inkwili USS Virginia kunye nenombolo igobhogobho SSN -786 yaye igama "Illinois» (Illinois). Wathi igama laloo ndawo imbeko imeko lweenkobe kweli nenekazi ngoko wokuqala Mishel Obamy, abathabatha inxaxheba ngokubhengezwa kwayo ngo-Oktobha 2015. -Inishiyali lady yokuqala, ngokwesithethe, sicinezelwe kwenye iinxalenye ngwenya.

inkwili Nuclear "Illinois" kwiimitha ezili-115 ubude 130 amalungu abasebenzi kwibhodi baxhotyiswa izithuthi yaqonda eliba Ubhaqo sam, yesango kuba inxenye kunye nezinye izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo. Injongo ngwenya eqhuba imisebenzi yonxweme kunye anzulu-elwandle.

Kunokuba kwinkqubo owawusisibonakude periscope iphenyane yemveli usebenza nge ikhamera TV, zincwadi Womenzi laser waphawula infrared.

izikhephe Firepower: 2 ufakelo uhlobo esijikelezayo 6 no-12 nkqo imijukujelwa sungula cruise "Tomahawk" 4 tyhubhu inomzimba 26 torpedoes.

Indleko iyonke sub - $ 2.7 yezigidi zezigidi.

Ithemba isakhiwo zomkhosi ehamba

Ezintlwini aphezulu US Navy baphikelela ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe lwezikhephe inkwili diesel-fuel, babe phantse akukho miqobo ukuziphatha imisebenzi zomkhosi - kunye ukuqhutywa yenyukliya. sizukulwana sesine inkwili enyukliya "Virginia" unika kukhululwe lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 28 kule klasi. I indawo ngokuthe ngcembe le yokugcina imikhosi aselwandle kwi nakwesesine isizukulwana izikhephe ziya kwandisa rating kunye lupwa ubuchule US Army.

Kodwa ofisi yoyilo kuqhubeka ukusebenza baze banikele iiprojekthi emkhosini.

Indiza ngwenya American

imikhosi lihlala ngasese kwi kummandla utshaba - oko kukuthi Injongo yonke imisebenzi emanzini. Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, ithuba zeteknoloji hlobo eMelika wabonakala. (Bureau of iinqanawa) Bureau of imikhumbi lifumene umyalelo ukuba ngwenya emanzini. yabonakala Iiprojekthi, kodwa imikhosi ukufika ukuba akukho nkxaso-mali, kwaye fleet akanamdla ingcamango.

Ukusuka ucinga nzulu iiprojekthi ziquka iprojekthi inkampani Seaforth Group, owayebonakele ngo-1988. Izakhi kubo wathola inkwili S-60 kubandakanya ekuhleni emanzini kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-50 ukusuka elunxwemeni, ukutshona ukuya kubunzulu iimitha ezi-5. Enesantya amaqhina 5 mgawuli ehamba ifikelela elunxwemeni emoyeni okanye umhlaba 60 iibhulorho Cyber kumgama oziimitha ezili-100 ukusuka elunxwemeni. Nangona le projekthi akukho namnye wayithenga.

Ukuthembeka, ixesha kuvavanywa

Ngwenya indala ehlabathini, leyo unanamhla na inkonzo - a inkwili "SS 791 Bala Hai ashihe" ( «Ulwandle Lion"), umncedisi we-Taiwan Navy. inkwili American kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wakha kuloo ndawo yokwakhela Portsmouth Naval zalapho, ngo-1945, zandiswa ngwenya zomkhosi US Navy. Yena uye iphulo ekulweni-Agasti 1945 i-Pacific Ocean. Emva upgrades eziliqela, ngowe-1973 yena sakhutshelwa Taiwan kunye China uye waba isikhephe kuqala ukusebenza.

NgoJanuwari 2017, umatshini ingxelo ukuba kwiinyanga ezili-18 zolondolozo ezicwangcisiweyo kwi shipyards imikhumbi Corporation Taiwan International imikhumbi Corporation «ingonyama ulwandle" iza kubamba nokulungiswa jikelele kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo olwandle. Le misebenzi iya kwandisa ubomi inkonzo ngwenya de 2026.

Igqala production US ngwenya, omnye ube nobubele, liceba ukubhiyozela umhla wokuzalwa wamakhulu idabi.

izinto Extremely kabuhlungu

manani ezivulekileyo neziselubala malunga abafayo kunye neengozi ngwenya fleet waseUnited States ayinayo. Noko ke, lowo unako enokuthethwa eRashiya. Ezo zinto zaye zenziwa kuluntu, kuya kwenziwa kwesi sahluko.

Ngo-1963 iphulo uvavanyo yeentsuku ezimbini baphela kokufa ngwenya American "Thresher". Unobangela esemthethweni ngozi - ukuhamba kwamanzi phantsi igobhogobho emkhombeni. Umfutho akasakwazi ngwenya reactor, waza waya enzulwini, uthatha ubomi izisebenzi 112 zamajoni 17. Kwitekisi ethile inkwili kubunzulu yeemitha 2560. Le ngozi lobuchwepheshe ngwenya lokuqala zenyukliya.

Ngowe-1968, xa i-Atlantic Ocean yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo multi-injongo inkwili zenyukliya "Scorpion» (USS Scorpion). Nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye ukufa - le detonation emthethweni. Kodwa ke imfihlelo kuhlala imfihlelo namhlanje, ukufa le nqanawa. Ngowe-2015, US Navy igqala iye kwakhona wabhenela urhulumente ukwenza ikhomishini ukuba baphande siganeko, ukucacisa inani amaxhoba ukumisela ubume babo.

Ngowe-1969, i ukwazi sokwemba ye ngwenya USS Guitarro ethwele inani 665. Kwathi kodonga ezithintelo zeenqanawa kwaye kubunzulu oziimitha ezili-10. Yokungoneli kweeNgcali uququzelelo kunye nokungakhathali kwizixhobo umlinganiselo kwimibhobho kwakhokelela zizikhukula. Ukunyusa izikhephe nokubuyisela buxabise American werhafu malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 zeerandi.

iklasi Boat "Los Angeles", nto leyo wathabatha inxaxheba bhanya ye "I Hunt for Red Oktobha", May 14, 1989 kufuphi nonxweme of California, ukohlukana intambo yokudibanisa i Ukruthakruthwano kunye barge. Isikhephe olwenziwe ekufakeni ngokuqinisa ukuba bemlandela. Izalamane ilungu tugboat crew owafayo ngaloo mini, wafumana imbuyekezo evela waseManzini kwi-mali $ 1.4 yezigidi.