Uranium ore. Indlela ndikhuphe uranium ekrwada. Uranium nsimbi Russia

Xa zisaqala elements radioactive le lwezakhi, umntu ekugqibeleni weza ukusetyenziswa kubo. Kwathi kunye uranium. Kuye kusetyenziswa zomkhosi iinjongo ezithwala. Uranium ore ukuqhubekekiswa, ilungu leyo yathi yasetyenziswa ipeyinti kunye negilasi mveliso. Emva kwafunyaniswa imisebe, oko kusetyenziswa ushishino lwenyukliya. unikwa ukuba ngoqaqambileyo kunye nepetroli indalo? Bathi ngale kude kube ngoku.

uranium yemvelo

Le uranium lwendalo ngendlela esulungekileyo ayisekho - kuba licandelo le esikrwada kunye neetyuwa. The main uranium ore - yinto carnotite kunye pitchblende. Kwakhona iidipozithi ebalulekileyo yale zeqhinga isiqalelo amachiza afumaneka emhlabeni kunye neeminerali torfievyh - orthite, titanium, Gold, monazite, xenotime. iidipozithi uranium zifumaneka ematyeni kunye nokuqwalaselwa eliphakathi eliphezulu dust asidi. Lakhe nabalingane - calcite, galena, molybdenite, kunye nabanye.

iidipozithi Global kunye noovimba

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siye ayihlola kwiinkalo ezininzi kule ngekhilomitha-20 inwebu kumphezulu womhlaba. Bonke ziqulathe inani elikhulu eetoni uranium. Esi sixa iyakwazi yokubonelela uluntu amandla kumakhulu eminyaka ngaphambili. amazwe Ukukhokela apho uranium ekrwada ise ubungakanani inkulu Australia, Kazakhstan, eRashiya, Canada, South Africa, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, i-USA, Brazil, Namibia.

uranium Forms

Imisebe ebangela iimpawu eekhemikhali element. uranium Natural ibandakanya izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezintathu. Ababini kwabo yiminyanya komdyarho radioactive. izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo uranium Natural zingasetyenziswa ukwenza amafutha basabele zenyukliya nezixhobo. Kwakhona, 238 i ekrwada izinto ku tswala neplutoniyam-239.

izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo U234 of uranium ezi nkampani kweenyuklayidi U238. Zibonakaliswa njengemali kunazo esebenzayo kwaye zinika radiation olomeleleyo. U235 Isotope ngokuphindwe 21 buthathaka, nangona zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ngenjongo ngasentla - it has ikhono ukuxhasa yenyukliya chain reaction ngaphandle ehlanganisa ezongezelelweyo.

Ukongeza kukho izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo yendalo neyenziweyo of uranium. Namhlanje, abo eyaziwa ku-23, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo - U233. Zichaza ukukwazi ukuba isebenze phantsi kweempembelelo neutron kade, kanti eminye ifuna amasuntswana ukuzila.

ngezigaba ore

Nangona uranium inokufunyanwa phantse yonke - nkqu eziphilayo - zomaleko apho ikhoyo nokubakho, kunokuba ezahlukeneyo uhlobo. Baxhomekeke kulo, kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Uranium ekrwada ihlelwa yi parameters zilandelayo:

1. Iimfuno zemfundo - zemveli kunye zithe zadala ore metamorphogenic.
2. Uhlobo uranium amatshe - prayimari, oxidized kwaye mixed uranium ore.
3. Ubungakanani yesixa neenkozo kwezimbiwa - erhabaxa, aphakathi, omhle, kunye kwamaqondo eparticulate entle-olungisiweyo ore amaqhekeza.
4. Ukusebenziseka ubumdaka - molybdenum, vanadium, njl
5. elimsulwa Ubume - carbonate, silicate, emanzini, oxide intsimbi, kaustobiolitovye.

Kuxhomekeka ngendlela uranium ore ezithathwa yindlela xa utsala lulo into imichiza. Silicate ukuphathwa asidi ezahlukeneyo, carbonate - izisombululo soda, kaustobiolitovye uyatyetyiswa ukutsha, kwaye oxide intsimbi inyibilikiswa eziko udubulo.

Indlela ukuba luthathe uranium ore

Njengoko na enyanisweni kwemigodi, kukho ubuchule neendlela nokukha uranium eliweni ethile. Zonke ixhomekeke kuhlobo Isotope na ekubunjweni lithosfere. Nezokukhupha uranium ekrwada lwenziwa ngeendlela ezintathu. into yokukhetha ngokoqoqosho isandi eliweni xa umxholo wayo-mali ka-0.05-0.5%. Kukho apho iphuma khona, inkwali kunye nezimbiwa Leach indlela. Ukusetyenziswa ngamnye kubo kuxhomekeke malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo kunye nobunzulu rock. Enkwalini uranium ore kunokwenzeka ivela nzulu. umngcipheko Ubuncinane yokuba sesichengeni. Akukho ingxaki ubuchule - Oogandaganda ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, bayifakwa, iilori yokulahla inkunkuma.

Imveliso lam - inzima kakhulu. Le ndlela isetyenziswa item zokulala kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ukuya ku-2, nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho. Uhlobo kufuneka ibe xi ophezulu uranium ukuze avelise kufanelekile. Etoneleni ukhuseleko oluphezulu, oku kubangelwa yindlela geni uranium ore phantsi komhlaba. Abasebenzi zinikwa impahla ekhuselekileyo, ukusebenza kuphela ngokungqongqo. Mines zixhotyiswe nge iilifti, ngcono umoya.

Ukuhluzeka kuloko - indlela yesithathu - awona nokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko kwabasebenzi iinkampani zemigodi. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo amaqula Impontshelwa ibe isisombululo lwekhemikhali okhethekileyo. Oku kwakhawuleza kwi ichibi kwaye okroqiweyo iikhompawundi uranium. Isisombululo ke umpontshelwa waza wathumela ukuba izityalo processing. Le ndlela selekhulile ngakumbi, oku kunciphisa iindleko zoqoqosho, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwalo inani ukulinganiselwa.

Imali e Ukraine

Ilizwe yaba iidiphozithi umnini unoyolo element apho ukuvelisa amafutha enyukliya. Ngokutsho uqikelelo, le ores uranium Ukrainian anokuqulatha ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-235 zempahla ekrwada. Okwangoku, siza kuphela wafumana isiqinisekiso sedipozithi, equlethe malunga 65 neetoni. A ethile sele ziphuhlisiwe. Inxalenye uranium asetyenziswe kweli lizwe, amanye amazwe.

Kwidiphozithi ephambili ithathwa ukuba Kirovograd kummandla uranium ekrwada. Umxholo uranium incinane - ukususela 0.05 ukuya 0.1% ngetoni nganye iliwa nganye, ngoko iindleko eziphathekayo liphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ngumqolo wafumana izinto exchange eRashiya ukugqiba izinto amafutha igunya.

Le imali yesibini ngobukhulu yi Novokonstantinovskoye. Umxholo uranium engxondorheni kuza kunciphisa iindleko xa kuthelekiswa Kirovograd amaxesha phantse 2. Nangona kunjalo, nge-imi- 90 kuphuhliso akwenzeki, zonke imigodi ixhaphakile. Ngenxa ziyonakala ubudlelwane yezopolitiko ne-Russia, Ukraine ukuhlala ngaphandle sibaso izityalo amandla enyukliya.

Russian uranium ore

Uranium bebe I-Russian Federation na indawo yesihlanu phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Eyona idumileyo nenamandla - oko Khiagdinskoe, Kolichkanskoe, Istochnoye, Koretkondinskoye, Namarusskoe, Dobrynskii (Republic of Buryatia), Argun, Zherlovoye (Chita Region). Kwingingqi Chita kumbiwa-93% yazo zonke uranium Russian eziveliswa (ubukhulu becala career kunye nezimbiwa methods).

A ezahlukeneyo encinane kunjalo iidiphozithi e Buryatia kunye Kurgan. Uranium ekrwada eRashiya kule mimandla kwenzeka ngendlela evumela ukuba ndikhuphe izinto leaching ekrwada.

iidipozithi Itotali eRussia kuqikelelwa ukuba iitoni 830 of uranium, abe ngumntu obonakalise ukuba oovimba malunga 615 yeetoni. It has iidipozithi e Yakutia, Karelia kunye nezinye iingingqi. Ekubeni uranium na izinto qhinga jikelele ekrwada, amanani aluchanekanga kuba iinkcukacha ezininzi zihlelwe, ukufikelela kuzo ziye udidi ethile kuphela kwabantu.