T-72: iimpawu kunye iifoto. T-72 "phambene" - itanki engundoqo emfazweni USSR

Kwanangaphambi kokuba imveliso lothotho inani T-62 amatanki, ukuba umyili oyintloko L. N. Kartsevym phambene sisityalo buyo yaphakanyiswa ukuphucula imodeli ngokumisela kwayo injini entsha, ngakumbi enamandla, yaye ngakumbi phambili onokufika isisu semoto. Kwakubonakala ngathi tank T-72. isithuthi iimpawu bewubhiyozela isithuthi esikhulu vehicles.

A incinane

Ngehlobo lowe-1961 zaye wakha iikopi ezimbini zokuqala amatanki, ababesithi bona sivavanywe imo olukhawulezisiweyo - kuqala izityalo, ngoko kwisiza. Into azifani wethu, kodwa nakuba zonke izinto zayo, isityalo alukhange lufumane imvume esemthethweni ekuveliseni etankini entsha. Unyaka emva konyaka, xa imodeli baye benza iinguqu ezithile:

1. Okokuqala kwakucingwa ukuba crew itanki T-72, olu sapho lwaluquka ezintathu - ngqwayi, gunner kunye umqhubi.
2. Itanki yafakwa ngensimbi autoloaders umpu kunye nokukhuselwa weentonga scheme esekelwe ESRI.
3. Imifuziselo chassis ezicwangcisiweyo zalishumi akukho ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-40.

Kodwa ezi tshintsho azithathelwanga, gearbox icala ezimbini kuphela aseleyo.

layout tank Iimpawu

T-72 - itanki, luphawulwa ukwakha classical, xa umkhosi okuhlamba ibekwe nangasemva. Management swi kwi inxalenye phambili kwesithuthi, apha indawo itanki yamafutha, itanki-nesakhelo Izixhobo ulawulo nembasa, umqhubi, izixhobo zombane.

ulawulo Yesebe iquka isihlalo ngomatshini, elawula itanki T-72. Ngaphezu esihlalweni lomqhubi kukho kuleyo. Isikrweqe sam ipleyiti efakwe kwisixhobo ozakukuvumela ukuba uphathe le meko. Lo mqhubi uhlala ngoxa uqhuba ukuba uyilo ngokuhlakanipha ezihlalo emazantsi etankini.

gumbi ukulwa

Eli gumbi crew kwi itanki baseleyo phakathi igobhogobho kunye uqoqo, nto leyo siyahlukana pack igunya ulwahlulo ekhethekileyo. Well uyilo ingcinga ngaphandle ivumela ukuhamba lula amalungu abasebenzi ukusuka ofisi kwii-ofisi. Intuthuzelo ergonomics - umahluko ophambili, nto leyo ndoqhayisa tank T-72. Uphawu kuye njengesitya zilwe nalo emikhulu:

1. Itanki mayixhotyiswe smoothbore umpu inqaba 125 mm, i ukubiza izixhobo umatshini kunye nolawulo umlilo.
2. Zisuka umpu lixhotyiswe umphathi kunye gunner uhlala ukuya ekhohlo.
3. Kwi umpu kwicala lasekunene kukho PKT umatshini gun, ngaphezu kwayo lixhomekeke spacers kwisiseko pipe-rangefinder emehlweni.
4. umphathi emisebenzini izixhobo enomtsalane: le nkqubo ibandakanya i zombane umatshini gun lokumisa, itanki ulwalathiso nkqo, irediyo, izixhobo ezizodwa, ekuthe ngaphandle elidityaniswe isokethi kokwehla, bendiza drive athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqaba leyo inde.
5. umphathi we ende wambu cover ipleyiti bar torsion.
6. cupola womyaleli lixhotyiswe izixhobo ezimbini bunokulolongeka TNP-160 kunye ebewuthethele isixhobo TKN-3.

Eli gumbi ukulwa nayo baxhotyiswe izixhobo iindlela eziqinisekisa lula kokusebenzisa itanki.

pack amandla

Inxalenye aft uba amandla ngokwahlukana. itanki injini T-72 kubekwe kwicala saseMazibuko, naphakathi kubo isahlulelo ukuba inkqubo motor okupholisa, esi oil filter, ivelufa itanki bacaca. Kwicala lasekunene imvelaphi inyuselwa khona umoya nokwakha. Izindlu uba feed sheet, ifumaneka kuyo le nkqubo sokupholisa. Kuye kwakhona iye yaxhobisa ngamandla ukwahlukana ezongezelelweyo kunye itanki engundoqo oyile, leyo igalelo ukuthambisa ajikeleze injini. ofisi Power uvale isiciko. Ukusetyenziswa itanki yezibaso T-72 100 km ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• xa uqhuba emhlabeni - L 260-450;
• kwiindlela eligangathiweyo - 240 l.

Iimpawu zomzimba

Enye iitanki ezininzi ethandwa Soviet - T-72 itanki. Uphawu ube wayeza kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba ukuba ukuchaza iimpawu zomzimba. Izindlu kule modeli - ukuba ityala onzima, ukuba amacwecwe sikrweqe welding. Apha zicwangciswe isahlulo impumlo, feed icala, ezantsi, iindonga kunye yokuphefumla motor kunye eluphahleni pack amandla.

Iphepha Frontal - a multilayer umqobo labalandeli zentsimbi kunye fiberglass, Ebubanzini leyo inika ukutyabeka enganyangekiyo banxibe. Emacaleni omzimba iqiniswa nkqo iintonga imbasa, kwi indawo ephakathi ezinikezwa yi imicwe zokuzikhusela. injongo yazo - ukwandisa umthamo lwangaphakathi ebiyelweyo kwaye ufake kwi inqaba yabo. Lonke kujikelezo macala kwizibiyeli nge welding, ezithi zixhonywe ivili lokuqhuba.

T-72 - itanki ethandwayo eSoviet ukuba aphefumlelweyo intlonipho ehlabathini lonke. Yondla izindlu wayo isikrweqe nembasa wayelukhuni. Njengokhuselo imvelaphi inyuselwa fan xaka. It is a volute mayixhotyiswe elisusekayo ngaphambili kwicala amacwecwe. Le lezindlu a fan okupholisa, kunye njongo iphambili izahlulelo - amalungiselelo ukuhamba komoya. Emacaleni itanki neyongezelelwe sisiketi kokuba ubukhulu ka-3 mm kwaye eyenziwe aluminium ingxubevange. Ukugcina imeko itanki ngoxa uqhuba kwi embi, izikrini nga ibekwe kwindawo zinokugcinwa - pre-ukulayisha ukuba emacaleni enezinto uthuli. Xa T-72 imfazwe eziku, amakhaka uthuli nga phambili kwi-engile degrees 60.

wenza njani le nqaba?

Isetyenziswa ukwenza oko ukususela emise ekubunjweni isikrweqe sentsimbi, oko nge welding, encotsheni eluphahleni kunye nentloko ekhusela rangefinder isiseko pipe-emehlweni. Tower isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo monolithic, apho Ebubanzini bodonga lohlukile. Inxalenye ephambili ifakwe porthole apho gun ifakiwe, umphezulu ecaleni - izidlele arc, leyo ibalulekile nkundla kweqokobhe.

Ilungelo umpu libonelela embrasures leyo yafakwa umpu umatshini. Ulishiyile isibiyeli umpu, apho illuminator imvelaphi inyuselwa khona emehlweni ebusuku ezidityaniswe tube, apho kondliwa umpu actuator yombane. Icala lasekhohlo okwenziwe ngemigca exweseneyo lophahla unalo isiseko, apho sibekwe khona gunner. Tower batshintshana mechanism kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye manual. Konke oku eyenza itanki T-72, nto leyo phawu ikuvumela ukuba bafikelele kwisigqibo malunga iimpawu ekulweni kwezithuthi vehicles.

tank izikhali

uqoqo mayixhotyiswe umpu smoothbore D-81TM, ukuba uhamba kunye nomnye umpu, kwaye bazinziswe moya ezimbini ukhokelo. Umphanda umpu - ityhubhu edityaniswe kwi emkhonweni istili, indlela breech kunye nayo ukugungxula. Yena, ke, lenziwa nemilomo ezintandathu. gun isithombe indlela eyahlukileyo semi-oluzenzekelayo lomsebenzi. Ukudubula uluhlu tank T-72 imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• xa ukudubula projectiles weentonga osisaqhwithi, yaye umgama ezongezelekayo yi 4000 m;
• xa usebenzisa amaqokobhe eliphezulu-edubulayo ixabiso layo lifike 5000 m;
• xa ngokudubula ebusuku ke ilingana 800 m;
• xa amaqokobhe ukuba uyagxothwa kunye kwinqanaba osecaleni usebenzisa oonokrwece eliphezulu-umonakalo, ukudubula range ukufikelela 9400 m.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubizwa oluzenzekelayo rate ukudutyulwa yokulwa gun ezahlukeneyo rounds 8 ngomzuzu, kunye womserbia lwencwadi enoncedo ye - kuqhume 1-2 ngomzuzu.

Ukudubula uluhlu T-72 inikwe eyodwa monocular emehlweni-rangefinder ezifakwe kuzinziswa oluzimeleyo intsimi olubonakalayo olongezelelweyo. Ukusebenzisa umgama ekujoliswe emehlweni kulinganiswa kwi m kuluhlu 1000-4000 kunye nokuchaneka 3-5 ekhulwini. Ukuba beqhumisa kwenziwa ebusuku, umbono ebusuku ezizodwa, izibane esekelwe kwi filter IR.

Womyaleli Tower lixhotyiswe ngemipu anti-moya, nto leyo evumela ukuba bamtola ekujoliswe lomoya emhlabeni. Kwimeko ka-T-72 tank TTX zilandelayo: on the distal ekujoliswe umoya ukudutyulwa kwenziwa kumgama 1500 m kumgangatho - up to 2000 m ufakelo itanki moya ibandakanya :.

• Umatshini gun NSV 12.7 mm;
• ezalwa ne isixhobo bahlehla;
• anti-moya emehlweni;
• ukusingatha, sivumele isixhobo ngqo ngokuthe nkqo;
• uyothenga amaqokobhe;
• balancing indlela.

sabaleka key

Enye yezinto ezininzi ezinamandla vehicles nokulwa Russian zonke ixesha - i T-72. Kwezikhali ithatha uhambela zilandelayo:

• AKMS automaton 7,62 mm;
• pistols uphawu;
• 10 iziqhushumbisi ngesandla.

Itanki uba moya-ezimbini iingalo somfanekiso electrohydraulic, nto leyo kudityaniswe optical emehlweni-rangefinder. Eyona njongo iphambili yalo complex zezi:

1. ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo umpu kunye umpu womatshini kwindawo ethile ngexesha intshukumo yitanki.
2. Nywa gun izinzisiwe kwaye nompu kakuhle ngokulungelanisa imeko-ukhokelo isantya.
3. Ukuvala umpu unstabilized elithe tyaba.
4. Yenza kujoliswe kuzo itanki nomwisimethetho gunner.
5. Emergency ukutshintsha neNqaba umqhubi.

Nge somfanekiso olunikiweyo uqina emboxo, nto leyo uyacengeka yi umpu ngokuthe nkqo kwindlela oluzenzekelayo. Ngakwicala kwitanki iimbumbulu - 39 ipali ukuba umpu, 2000 rounds emthethweni for the PKT kumatshini gun, rounds 300 emthethweni ngenxa ngomatshini, neekhatriji 12 kuba ngompu uphawu zidumbu 300 emthethweni ngenxa anti-moya umatshini gun.

iimpawu abize

Kwi-T-72 linoluhlu electromechanical, leyo ibiza ngokuzenzekelayo lo umpu. Siqulathe yokuthutha ejikelezayo, ephakamisa indlela iikhasethi, pallet indlela ukususwa iyalayisha intonga, umpu lokumisa dynamoelectric, inkumbulo kunye iyunithi yolawulo.

USSR itanki imfazwe mayixhotyiswe yokuthutha ejikelezayo ukuba ukhwele isakhelo kumatshini kwaye iquka isakhelo, langaphandle actuator electromechanical, ukuvala iifestile umbhinqo indlela beleni, le ngesiciko nesandla drive. Xa isakhelo 22 wabeka cassettes, yena kwakhiwa okuqinileyo welding. I tape yi welding, kunye nemiboko emibini kufuneka ukulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuqhume.

Iimpawu of plant amandla

itanki izixhobo T-72 lubonisa ubukho powerplant iguqulwe kancinane. It is a injini diesel ne-780 enjini, nto leyo eya kuthi yongezwe nge injini ulwelo kunye drive supercharger centrifugal. ubunzima injini 980 kg, oko efakiweyo kwisikhululo samandla. injini Multi-fuel ingaqalisa ku yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo idizili, ipetroli kunye separafini. Kodwa fuel engundoqo - diesel. amandla injini itanki yenziwa 4 endlwini ne-5 kwamatanki amafutha yangaphandle.

Ukukhusela umoya ococekileyo okungena iziqulathi ye-injini, itanki ngakumbi lixhotyiswe kwisigaba-ezimbini isicoci somoya osusa uthuli umqokeleli eluthulini. Zokuhlanjululwa lwenziwa kwimijikelo eziliqela, yaye emva koko nyulu ku 99,8 ekhulwini umoya engena injini.

Izixhobo ze-T-72 lubonisa ubukho lesithambiso kunye nenkqubo sokupholisa. Inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze le ajikelezayo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nenkqubo sokupholisa - ulwelo, ndayitywina, oko esongezelelwe ejikeleza ngenkani. Inkqubo ukufudumeza ezizodwa ukufudumala injini kwaye igcina iinkqubo zayo phambi sungula.

Itanki T-72 mayixhotyiswe transmission isikhokelo kunye ulawulo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kuquka isiginci kunye gciwane ezimbini. Guitar ebizwa leswaku ku nezixhobo ezithwala torque yokudlulisa.

Isisu semoto nezixhobo

ubunzima kulwa T-72 etoni 44.5, ngelixa undercarriage - bi izileyi ezintandathu rubberized kunye mqengqeleki ezintathu Uni-zemiyalelo, amalungiselelo drive ivili ngasemva, ivili lokuqhuba kunye nendlela igeza. Itanki ine umntu torsion kumiswa, nto leyo eyandisa absorbers kukothuka ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kunye izileyi inkxaso ezintandathu. Ezidla zinamacandelo amancinane kunye nenani wembadada 97 kulo.

Yamacebo ezongezelelweyo kwi itanki onokubonwa, kwaye unomathotholo isixhobo sonxibelelwano, eyenzelwe kwababhalisele ezine. Kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo lisebenza njenge transceiver kunye selfoni, ukubonelela uluhlu yonxibelelwano km ukuya ku-20. Le transceiver 1261 lisebenza amaza yokusebenza apha, usulelo uphawu reception ziqhutywa ngendlela rhoqo eqhelekileyo.

iinkqubo protective

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubunzima T-72 yayintle, oko baxhotyiswa iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo esikhusela izixhobo isithuthi transport zokubulala abantu abaninzi. Systems ungakwazi ukukhusela itanki kunye nezixhobo yayo yangaphakathi ukusuka okubulala, imitha evela Inyukliya, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko abasebenzi xa baboniswa eziyityhefu okanye izixhobo eziphilayo.

ukhuseleko udubulo wenziwe isikrweqe okunye, kwakunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu uphawu. Ngaphakathi itanki, kukho izinto ezizodwa ethembekileyo, kunye gumbi zokulwa kunye gumbi yokuqhuba na ukholosile yatywinwa. Inkqubo yokhuseleko isebenza njenge-alam ukukhanya kunye nesandi, kwaye ulawula inqanaba radiation of komsebenzi ngaphakathi uxinzelelo itanki kunye nobukho izinto eziyityhefu ngaphandle kwayo.

-Mlilo System kuyinto litre-ntathu uzele extinguishant kananjalo imibhobho ezintathu, nto leyo ukudibanisa iisilinda kunye namasebe, kwaye utsale abenzi lobushushu ezilithoba. Inkqubo ekhethekileyo amanyathelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo isebenza njengomkhuseli oluthembekileyo oluvela umsi. Lisebenza diesel.

Of itanki izixhobo ezongezelelweyo T-72 ukuba inkqubo ye lokuqhuba kwamanzi, nto leyo evumela ukuba boyise imiqobo kubunzulu ngamanzi m-5 kunye ububanzi ukuya ku-1000 m okhankanywe. Isakhiwo esi sixhobo lukwaquka lifejackets iimaski yenzelwe wonke amalungu enqanaweni.

itanki iinguqulelo kancinane T-72

Yonke iminyaka kwitanki release yaqaliswa ngo imifuziselo ezisibhozo ezingundoqo: T-72, T-72M ne T-72M1, T-72C emaXhoseni zabo. Ukongezelela koko, eli wathengisa aphesheya kumazwe afana eCzechoslovakia, Poland, eMpuma Jamani, Hungary kunye Bulgaria. Njengoko ka-2007, ezi zithuthi vehicles ababesenkonzweni inani lamazwe - Algeria, Vietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Itanki T-72 wasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe amaninzi njengesiseko inani elikhulu zobunjineli, ezizodwa kunye nomkhosi izithuthi.

T-72 - ke itanki phambene ukuba kudala ingqalelo omnye kakhulu ezinamandla noluthembekileyo hayi kuphela USSR kodwa ehlabathini. Inguqulelo zaphuculwa nangoku ziveliswa kumazwe amaninzi, lo gama ukuphucula rhoqo inkqubo yolawulo kunye nezixhobo namandla.