BCG (lokugonya): iziphumo, iingxaki, Izimo

Isifo sephepha - isifo esiyingozi esosulelayo esibangelwa sisifo sephepha Mycobacterium, kunye Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Izifo luphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, wehlelwa ziziphumo kunye nezigulo, ukushiya uphawu emzimbeni ubomi. Ngelishwa, efana nabanye abaninzi, isifo kulula ukunqanda kunokuba ukumisa yavuka usulelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela kuphela ekuthinteleni i-TB i-BCG-agonywe. Iziphumo, iingxaki kunye Izimo - nqaku.

Ziqonde-BCG

Ntoni na BCG abbreviation? Ziqonde igama lesiLatini itolikwa njengoko BCG eletha Calmette-Guérin. Yaguqulelwa Russian, lithetha "eletha Calmette-Guérin." Ngoko, loo nto BCG lokunciphisa segama. Ziqonde le - ufundo ngqo nezishunqulelo Latin, abhalwe Cyrillic.

BCG: ntoni na?

BCG - yinto ukunqunyanyiswa kweentlobo Mycobacterium inkomo okuncitshiswe kunye nelahleko virulence abantu. Kukho iindidi ezimbini:

1. BCG - umxholo Mycobacterium tuberculosis kuhlanganiselo lokugonya incinane kakhulu ukuba usulelo. Noko ke, esi sixa kwanele ukuze umzimba ikwazile ukumelana nezifo kwisifo yingozi. Kuwo onke amazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umenzi, ukwakhiwa lokugonya efanayo. Ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba amalungiselelo 'ugqatso "iimveliso angaphandle kwi ukuqiniseka zobuqu ukuba ngaphezu zasekhaya.
2. BCG-M - ngenxa kumanqanaba kuncitshiswa kwemizimba ngeentsholongwane (izihlandlo ezibini ngaphantsi kwi-BCG eqhelekileyo), oko zagonyelwa isifo sephepha ngaphambi kwexesha, abantwana buthathaka. Ukongeza, ukuba umntwana ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, "ngoyaba 'esibhedlele, yaye akazange angene isitofu sokugonya ngexesha, ezizezi BCG-M isetyenziswa ezibhedlele.

Ngoko ke ukuba ufuna sokugonya?

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba isitofu ayiniki 100% isiqinisekiso sokuba kamva bosulelwe sephepha akayi kwenzeka. Ngoko ke yintoni na ukuba, ubabuza. Isibakala sokuba BCG yenza sifo TB, ekwaziyo ekukhuseleni enamandla kusulelo ephambili, ngokunjalo nabo follow-up kunokwenzeka kunye abathwali yosulelo TB. Ukuba umzimba isekhona buthathaka ngaphezu sifo, eli yeza kuya kuthintela ukuphuhliswa ngakumbi enzima, iintlobo geniralizovannyh sephepha (miliary kunye nefom yadluliselwa). Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphandle ekukhuseleni ngokupheleleyo kusulelo, zigonywe eziliqela lula sifo ukuba bosulelekile.

Ngubani kucetyiswa BCG ugonyo?

Ugonyo kuyacetyiswa iindidi zabantu;

1. Kubelekwa. Bonke abantwana BCG kufuneka sele zigonywe qho ngonyaka. Ingakumbi kwiindawo kukhokelele kwiqondo eliphezulu lobukho sephepha.
2. Abantu sihlala wadibana ne-TB elosulelekileyo (idla abongikazi tubdispantserov njl).

Ngeliphi BCG ugonyo ubudala?

BCG xa benza ntoni? ugonyo Primary wagqiba kuqhuba umntwana ophilileyo Usana 3-7 imini yobomi. Ugqirha Pre kufuneka ahlole umntwana, ukubamba ithemometha (Inkqubo ubushushu bomzimba esinyusiweyo na contraindicated), ithathele ingqalelo imbali kunye bonke Izimo kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, abantwana zigonywe BCG kwenziwa kuphela emva kokubonisana oyingcali yezonyango kunye neziphumo ogqityiweyo iimvavanyo zegazi iimvavanyo nomchamo.

Isitofu sokugonya ukuba iphathwe intradermally, umphezulu olungaphandle igxalaba lasekhohlo, ithamo kufuneka mayingagqithi 0.05 mg. Technique yenkqubo kubandakanya nokuqaliswa ngcembe - ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba inaliti lihla akwiengile olifunayo. Ukuba yenziwe ngendlela eyiyo, inaliti yenziwe papule enobubanzi ka 7-9 mm, umbala omhlophe, ngokuqhelekileyo nyamalala emva kwemizuzu 15-20 emva kokuba le nkqubo.

Abantwana abathi, ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye angabhalwanga zagonywa olu gonyo kwaezo esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba, ke, ukusukela ekuzalweni ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini phambi kokuba ugonyo isisinyanzelo kuwo kuvavanyo Mantoux. Ngenxa yoko ezintle BCG akuvumelekanga yokuziphatha.

Ingxelo nokuxilonga ugqirha kuzalwa unyanzelekile ukuba wenze inqaku le ugonyo, ebonisa umhla kogonyo, loo manqaku ugonyo kunye nenombolo yolawulo. Ukongeza, ibali yaziswa kunye lokugcinwa kwezinto ichiza wangena, kwakunye umenzi.

Okubalulekileyo! Indawo lokugonya Akuvunyelwe ukujongana nayo nayiphi na izisombululo. Bandaging kwakhona akuvumelekanga.

Kutheni umzi?

Kwakhona, oogqirha babuzwe ekuqaleni kutheni kunjalo ukuba BCG. kokuba zigonywe nini, abazali bayazibuza umntwana kutheni usana nangoku engenamandla ngomhla wesithathu ufakwa uvavanyo olo. Isibakala sokuba imeko nesifo sephepha kukuba zonke izigulane kwazi ngale ngxaki, bayaqhubeka bekhokela ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Njengoko babethwele izifo eziyingozi, ke bakhululekile ukuya kwiindawo zoluntu, ibangela ingozi enkulu, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana oselula. Ingozi ukuhlangabezana lebhokhwe kunye igciwane mkhulu kakhulu. Le nto ugonyo wenziwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka kusasa ukuya ngexesha yokumpompoza umntwana sele waqala ukwakha umzimba ukuya Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

BCG revaccination

Revaccination yoba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-7 no-14, kodwa ke kuphela ukuba indlela ezimbi ngayo uvavanyo Mantoux. Isithuba phakathi Mantoux kunye lokomeleza mayingagqithi iiveki ezimbini.

Ngelishwa, iingingqi ngezifundo zihlelelekileyo lizwe abantwana bosulelwa Mycobacterium kudala ngaphambi somelezi yokuqala, ngoko kwakhona ukuba akukho sichengeni BCG.

Zeziphi iinkqubo kwenzeka emzimbeni emva BCG?

Xa isayithi inaliti nangoko ukuqala ukufika macrophage (monocytes okanye - i uhlobo leukocytes), izifunxi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I-arhente causative kwesi sifo kufa kunye macrophage, kukhokelele kwinto yokuba kusekwe caseosa necrotic. Ukuya ngaphandle, bakufikise loloyiko kwindawo wolawulo lwe lokugonya.

Zasabela BCG

Impendulo ke uphuhliso papule kuyo inaliti, leyo ngesiqhelo kwiintsana kwiiveki 4-6 emva kogonyo. Xa isayithi ye Ukuchumisa kukuba ukwakha kukuqulungana, apho ubukhulu kuligweba zinto zifunwayo ziza ku nezifo TB. Ngoko ke, ukuba emva kokuba BCG kukuqulungana kwasekwa 2-4 mm, ngoko esiya kuthi, ukuba umzimba sihlume kuxhathisa sifo kwisithuba seminyaka emi- 3-5. Ukuba ubungakanani 5-7 mm - umzimba lukhuselwe iminyaka 5-7 kwaye 8-10 mm - kangangeminyaka eli-10.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, Isitofu ukunyamezeleka kakuhle, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukubonakala reactions:

• BCG ihlazo. Ukuba ububomvu alibandakanyi inwebu ezingqonge liyasetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha basabela lenkohlakalo, oko kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukongeza ububomvu kunye ukudumba kuyaba amabala keloid. Ibangela inkxalabo oku kuba, ukuba ulusu uyiphendula ichiza.
• BCG festers. Suppuration kunye amathumba - eqhelekileyo xa ufunyansiwe amacandelo kogonyo, nto leyo iya kubanjwa kungekudala. Funa unyango kufuneka, ukuba ukongezelela iyabhiqiza malunga nesiza ugonyo wabonakala ububomvu kunye ukudumba: usulelo mhlawumbi inxeba yenzekile, leyo ngokuyimfuneko kufuneke ukuba banyangwe.
• BCG kunokutshiseka. Ukhathazeke uye kugqirha kudla kuphela kwimeko ukusasazeka nokudumba kunye nokudumba eluswini umkhono, ngaphaya indawo gonyo.
• BCG itches. Ukurhawuzelelwa kuyo inaliti - eqhelekileyo, kodwa oogqirha ukucebisa ukubeka igozi kwi inxeba, awuthintele umntwana kufwaya.
• Ubushushu emva BCG. KoMkhuhlane olusanda kuzalwa ukuya degrees 38 nanjengokwesimo, kodwa ukuba unalo umntwana oneminyaka esixhenxe emva revaccination waphawula lobushushu suka, kufuneka ngoko nangoko funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza.

Ntoni ukungabi impendulo?

Ukuba emva kogonyo kuyo inaliti ayakhekanga kukuqulungana, oko kubonisa ukuba isitofu ayizange ihambe kakuhle, kuba omzimba kwizifo eyingozi ayakhekanga. Kubangela inkxalabo kulo mzekelo kufuneka ube: ixesha elithile emva kokuba efumene iziphumo ezingalunganga kwi Mantoux inokwenziwa revaccination ngaphandle kokulinda kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala.

Ukungabikho mpendulo olu gonyo lokuqala ingaqhelekanga, kwenzeka ngo-5-10% abantwana. Ukongeza, malunga ne-2% yabantu phezu umhlaba ube ngumsebenzi ongaphakathi isifo sephepha. Oku kuthetha ukuba abagulayo ebomini babo, abakwazi hayi umgaqo.

Izimo ukuba nokugonywa

Izimo BCG ayikho nje ebanzi, ezi ziquka:

1. kuzalwa enobunzima ngaphantsi kwe 2500 g (at 2-4 degree of prematurity).
2. ixesha isifo Acute okanye exacerbation lwezifo ezingapheliyo. Ugonyo kulo mzekelo kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela emva kokuba unyango epheleleyo, xa ezibonisa kwezonyango sifo siya kuba sesokugqibela.
3. immunodeficiency naso.
4. Ubukho olusana nentsapho yosulelo nolahlo ngokubanzi BCG.
5. abosuleleke HIV-noomama.
6. Wegazi.
7. Lymphoma.
8. Suppressive amachiza therapy nezifo.

Izimo ukuba revaccination

Izimo ukuba revaccination zezi:

1. Exacerbation lwezifo ezingapheliyo, okanye nasiphi na isigulo etsolo ngexesha gonyo ne-BCG. lobushushu emzimbeni (ukwanda) yi ingxoxo kakhulu ukuba idluliselwe yokumilisela. Ngokuqhelekileyo revaccination lwenziwa ngenyanga emva ukululama.
2. Umhlaza.
3. imeko immunodeficiency.
4. Isifo sephepha (kuquka isigaba recovery).
5. Indlela abasabela elihle Mantoux.
6. Iingxaki emva kogonyo ephambili.

Abantu baxolelwe kumqathango okwethutyana gonyo ngenxa Izimo, kufuneka babe phantsi kweliso abasebenzi zonyango, kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo naxa. Abantu phantsi revaccination, nayo kweliso yaye zifanele ukuvela yi sihlume reaction emva 1, 3, 6, iinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuba le nkqubo.

Oku kuquka ekuhloleni lenkohlakalo asabela?

Le itshekhi lwenziwa emva kweenyanga 1-3, iinyanga ezintandathu kunye nonyaka omnye emva kogonyo yaye revaccination, oko kuquka:

• ubukhulu Ubhaliso bayavuma yasekuhlaleni.
• Ubhaliso uhlobo reaction (kuvavanywa ukuba ngaba kukho ukuyilwa papules, pustules okanye wengubo crusted). Ukongeza, nombala wahlola kwisiza Ukuchumisa.

BCG: iingxaki kunokwenzeka?

Enoba Isitofu somgada sikhuselekile, ekhuselekileyo? Ikhoyo i ingxaki lwe-BCG-agonywe? Imiphumo kunokuzibonakalisa ngohlobo:

• Osteitis - tuberculosis wethambo. Uphuhliso esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka emva kweminyaka 0.5-2 emva kogonyo, ibangela izifo kwamajoni omzimba.
• Ngokubanzi usulelo BCG - senziwa phambi ukuphazamiseka omzimba sokwazi yomntwana.
• Ukudumba nkovu node - kufuna ukungenelela zoqhaqho xa kukho ukwanda elibukhali ngobukhulu nkovu node (kwama-1 cm ubukhulu).
• ithumba Cold - kufuneka uqhaqho. Esi simo ngenxa ongama (kunokuba intradermal) ulawulo BCG. Ugonyo, imiphumo zezi zilandelayo, iye yabanjwa abangafundanga.
• siva Keloid - enkulu ebomvu, isikhumba idumbile kwisiza Ukuchumisa. Phambi kukuqulungana revaccination xa eneminyaka esixhenxe akwenziwanga.
• isilonda olubanzi lubonisa uvakalelo oluphezulu amacandelo mntwana yokulungiselela. Ngokuqhelekileyo unikwe unyango yasekuhlaleni.

Ukuhambelana namanye amachiza

BCG sogonyo ezithile, ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye namanye amachiza ngazo azamkeleki. Ngapha koko, ukuba akuvumelekile ukwenza ugonyo olongezelelweyo kungekuphela Ngomhla wokumiswa BCG, kodwa iiveki 4-6, ngexesha kokuvela reactions ukuba ichiza. Emva kokuba kutyalwe BCG kuyo nayiphi na enye ugonyo kufuneka kudlule iintsuku ezingama 35-45.

Phambi kokuba BCG ugonyo isenokuba usana nxamnye hepatitis B. Imeko kuphela ixesha lokuphumla ngumzimba, ukutsho oko kude kube ubudala leenyanga ezi-3 baby contraindicated naziphi ugonyo.

Babycare emva BCG

Ngokuqhelekileyo, naziphi na iziphumo emva ugonyo akuyonto, kodwa kufuneka ibe yinto kwenziwa "reinsurance":

• Okokuqala, ukudla umntwana kufuneka ahlale okufanayo. Emva kogonyo, usana inokuba kulwelo isitulo, ifiva, kunye nokugabha. Zonke ezi ziphumo eziqhelekileyo, akukho mfuneko imele ingozi ebomini kunye nempilo.
• Antipyretics (kunye siseko oqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntwana iii) kufuneka banikwe ebusuku kubushushu ngentla degrees 38.5. Xa unditsho febrile ukunyanga umkhuhlane ibe ngama-37,5.
• Ukusetyenziswa antihistamines ayinqweneleki kakhulu. Ububomvu kunye ukudumba kufuneka uhambe: umzimba usempilweni ingaphatha ngokwabo.
• Ageza akukho akuvumelekanga.

Bonisana nogqirha kwimeko akunakwenzeka ukuba phantsi antipyretics lobushushu (paracetamol), ukuba umntwana ziyagungqa ze kudala wala ukuba adle. Xa egqibile, ukulahlekelwa sezingqondweni isibetho iyabhiqiza esizeni Ukuchumisa nangoko ubize inqwelo yezigulana.

Ukuchithwa BCG

Namhlanje, yaye kuya kusanda ngokwanda abantwana abazali baye bavakalisa ukunganeliseki ngabanye okanye ezinye ugonyo yesiqhelo, bewagqala yingozi. Le fashion umkhuba of non-ugonyo. BCG-zigonywe, imiphumo ukwaliwa kuba buhlungu kakhulu kungekho ngaphandle,.

Ukusuka anti-tuberculosis lokugonya nga kwabiwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko nayiphi na enye. Umthetho we-Russian Federation iqinisekisa ukuba ekunene, ngaloo ndlela yenze uxanduva abantwana kubazali babo.

Oko ndifuna ukuba uqaphele kulo mba? Namhlanje, kwindawo kawonke ulwazi oluninzi malunga yonke ngokupheleleyo. Umntu ngamnye uyakwazi kwimiba self-ukufunda ezinxulumene ubomi nempilo yena kunye nentsapho yakhe, ukuba enze izigqibo kwaye athathe uxanduva ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo.

Ukuba ukhetha ukungaqwalaseli ukuzitofa umntwana wabo - akukho namnye uya kuthi nto nxamnye nayo. Kuphela kufuneka ubhale kukukhanyela kwakhe imaphu, qiniseka ukuba ziquka ukuba abe koko naziphi na amabango kubasebenzi.