A T-18 itanki nomkhosi ukukhanya: iimpawu yokusebenza, ukulwa ukusetyenziswa

Xa eko kade zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini zeza iitanki yokuqala Soviet, kuquka itanki nomkhosi ukukhanya T-18 (MS-1), nolwathi lwaphuhliswa kuqala kweli lizwe, ngokusekelwe kwi-French FT-17 kunye zokuwaguqula Italian. Igama (amagama) umi nje. Letter "T" Libonisa lilizwi "itanki". T-18 - isalathisi apho elinesibhozo - serial inombolo yohlobo kuphuhliswa. Owesibini yegama layo - MS-1 - kule mithombo Soviet kwakhona kwenzeka ngokufuthi imela "ulondolozo eliphantsi", eli nani - sisalathiso ebonisa umzekelo yokuqala kule klasi.

indaba

Imfazwe Civil wazisa Red Army neembasa ezininzi, phakathi kwazo na kwiitanki White Guard imveliso French. Bona bafunda ngenyameko ngisho nangaphambi ixesha elithile kwi Sormovo mveliso, ebiza inzala yayo, "Reno-Russian." Noko ke, kukho walawula nomonakalo nto zafumana ubunzima kwezoqoqosho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba amaxesha ngcono ukuvelisa ezi kwiitanki liqengqiwe. ukuba kakade nkqu beNkosi ukuba aqonde ngakumbi ukuba le modeli iphelelwe kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ukulungiselela imfazwe kunye nophuhliso olutsha.

Ukususela ngo-1925, oku waza wathabatha nabayili yokuqala Soviet. amava lokuvelisa itanki, "Reno-Russian" Kambe ke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ngaphandle imfazwe eSoviet-Polish wazisa esinye indebe, nto leyo yanceda ukwenza i T-18. Yaba le moto Italian transport - Kwiat-3000. Kwaye lo itanki iye kufundwe ngexesha ukulungiselela amaxwebhu yobugcisa ukuba itanki T-18, iimpawu zakhe ezizezona elibolekiweyo. Nakuba kunjalo, iimvavanyo lokugqibela AMAGQABAZA ▸ uluhlu ludize inani enkulu kangangoko kuzo zonke iintlobo lentswelo, ingakumbi isisu semoto injini. Ngenxa yoko, i-T-16 walahlwa, ezingalunganga kwi-akhawunti, kwaye ngo-1927 kwakukho yimpumelelo kakhulu ngakumbi ulungiso - i T-18.

iimvavanyo zigqityiwe

neempelesi Small itanki lwavavanywa ngoJuni 1927. Ezi mvavanyo zaba yimpumelelo, kwaye ekuqaleni Julayi, i T-18 Itanki ukukhanya eyamkelwe Red Army. Sasizibiza ngokuba MC-1, oko kukuthi, ukuxhasa itanki encinane. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1928 kwaqala imveliso yawo abaninzi, nto leyo ibandakanyeka-mveliso "yamaBolshevik", yaye kwaqhubeka de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1931.

Imveliso proschadi wathabatha itanki omtsha ukukhanya - i T-26, nto leyo nayo ijolise ekunikeni inkxaso elihamba. Ngokuba yonke le minyaka (ukususela 1928 ukuya 1932) ukuba wakhululwa iikopi zingabi mbalwa kakhulu na umatshini wokuqala uphuhliso Soviet - phantse iwaka, ukuba ngqo - 959. Itanki lokuqala - i T-18 ne T-26 - lizaliseke umnqophiso wayo - ukuba ngowokuqala. Noko ke, bafumana nkqu eselizweni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Ukufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa

I kwamatanki yokuqala kunye noyilo yabo yonke ngesiseko ke, Kakade, abolekwe kbavelisi amazwe. Ilungiselelo yesekethi umyalelo ezaziwa kakhulu ixesha. Ukwahlulwa injini kunye nezixhobo phezu igobhogobho dlo, ngokomyinge, ii-ofisi ngaphambili nezezindlu kwinqaba ibekwe kulawulo yetanki kunye nezixhobo zalo.

itanki Soviet T-18 akazange afune crew ninzi umlo kunye naye ukumelana nabantu ababini: umphathi - yena uqoqo gunner - yaye umqhubi. Le yokugqibela kwaba embindini umzimba, kwaye umphathi utolo - in igobhogobho kunye uqoqo, emva umqhubi. Ukuqaliswa kunye disembarkation yenziwa ngokusebenzisa okwenziwe ngemigca exweseneyo mushroom-ikepusi, eliphakamayo ngaphezu inqaba, yaye oomatshini angasebenzisa kwaye bicuspid amaqanda, leyo yayimi phezu phambi kwezindlu.

isikrweqe

Zempi engenamandla, lukhuselwe kakuhle ngembumbulu (medium ukuvuleka umbayimbayi) kunye ngamaqhekeza amancinci, ekubeni itanki yaphuhliswa kumgaqo ukhuselo iimbumbulu. ifomu ndabuza ehamba kunye amatanki ngelo xesha ngezinto ezifanayo: inyathelo elibukhali, ngaphandle ukuqoqa. umzimba vehicles yakhiwa elinesithandathu kwiphepha sentsimbi iimillimitha zamafu, onke amaxwebhu ziye riveted kwaye phakathi kwabo kunye kwisakhelo.

bronelisty Aft nto zibambene nayo kwisakhelo ngu nezitshixo nje ukuze kube lula zisuswe xa kuyimfuneko. Emazantsi yetanki kunye nophahla ngakumbi angaphantsi kwesiqingatha - apho kusetyenziswa sheet intsimbi milimitha angaphantsi kwasibhozo zamafu. Ende waba imilo namacala phantse rhoqo. Ukususela ngowe-1930, enikelweyo ukuba niche zangasemva - ukuya esitishini. Ndiyila uqoqo weentonga sheets kwakukho iimillimitha elinesithandathu, kodwa uphahla malilungiselelwe zoqhanqalazo umoya wayengekho - kwakunjalo intsimbi ayikho milimitha ngaphezulu kwe ezine. Inxalenye ngokungqalileyo kwinqaba ibhaxa ukufaka le nkonzo. Ibhola Ukunikela wavumela inqaba ukuguqula, kodwa ukwenza oko kwenzeka kuphela ngesandla, kwaye oku ebandakanyekayo umphathi itanki.

izikhali

Nawuphi itanki pre-imfazwe, kunye kwindawo namhlanje lwembono, waye kakubi yaxhobisa. Noko ke, ngelo xesha snap itanki lagqitha abaninzi oogxa bakhe kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, lo iingalo eziphambili T-18 ukuvuleka gun Hotchkiss imodeli wamashumi amathathu ke yaphuhliswa P. Syachintovym umpu Hotchkiss-MS. I efakwe kwi ekunene okanye ubuso ekhohlo yenqaba leyo inde. Nezikhali yayibandakanya zamashumi asithoba anantandathu imijukujelwa, kamva banda ikhulu elinamanci amane (nezikhali Baqokelela wayesemva - endaweni radio).

Ngaphezu koko, UMikhono abangabancedani, apho wakhonza umpu Fedorov abanjalo 6.6 mm. Ngokuqhelekileyo nesithandwa guns ezimbini umatshini yaye yafakwa kwi gun-ezamahala ubuso yenqaba leyo inde. Asebenzisa magazini bhokisi, apho kwakukho 1800 rounds. Kwanasemva kokuba 1935 imipu kumatshini kwi-T-18 waye indawo kunye DT-29 (7.62). Kuqala ke, zaba nto, ngoko enye kwenye. Le nezikhali ngoku 2016 rounds ezingamashumi amathathu anesibini adume ngazo.

injini

itanki lung Powerplant T-18 waba-stroke ezine esemgceni-cylinder ezine ipetroli injini Mikulino umyili. Ukupholisa injini emoyeni. amandla alo ayidluli ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu enjini.

Emva 1930, kubenze injini ukuba unganciphisa amandla mane, leyo ekhawulezayo intshukumo yayo emendweni (isantya umda yetanki yaba kangangoko abangamashumi amabini anesibini km ngeyure!). I-injini ifakwe transversely kwi injini-transmission gumbi, oku kwenze ukuba sikwazi ukunciphisa kancinci ubude wenqanawa. iitanki amafutha kule nombolo ababini ababa umthamo yonke iilitha alikhulu elineshumi. Bona ibekwe yayigcinwa nadgusenichnyh.

transmission

Nakuba kunjalo, i-injini kunye ukudluliselwa matanki zokuqala eSoviet ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili kakhulu ixesha layo. Light Transmission T-18 uhlobo ngomatshini yaye yayiquka kweeyunithi kunye neendlela:

1. engundoqo olunye-idiski bamba, sisebenza ukukhuhlana owomileyo.

2. Inyathelo ezintathu-gearbox.

3. Slewing gear (uhlobo umahluko Wotho).

4. ezimbini wazaphula tape ukukhonza ngenxa elekhtrons kunye sakujika.

5. I-mqolo ezimbini transmission icala, okulungiswe iliziko kweevili drive.

chassis

Itanki chassis inkxaso nomkhosi ifakiwe kumacala omabini sloths, amavili zokuqhuba, inkxaso elinesine izileyi yerabha liphinde of omncinci kwaye rubberized izileyi inkxaso kabini ezintandathu. Emva 1930, kuyilo wabonakala kwicala ngalinye ahambise axhasayo yesine. nosaziwayo angasemva kuvalwe phezu rockers ezimbini, lanqunyanyiswa casings yasentwasahlobo nkqo zezindlu ezikhuselweyo.

inkxaso Front mqengqeleki iye imvelaphi ngokobuzwe eyahlukileyo, uqhagamshele ekunqunyanyisweni ngaphambili damping kubafundisi emthonjeni. imithombo Steel nazo izileyi inkxaso ngaphambili amabini okanye amathathu. Ezidla zalungiselelwa ukusuka steel - iiyunithi ezinkulu ngothethathethwano ephakeme. Amahlanu ananye weloli umkhondo, ilori ngalinye ububanzi - ngemilimitha ezimakhulu mathathu.

Ekulweni yokuqala

kwamatanki Light T-18 kufika kwi-Red Army kwasekuqaleni-1928, doukomplektovyvaya iiyunithi nomkhosi Army kwizithili zomkhosi ezahlukeneyo. Ukubhaptizwa imoto entsha kwabakho ungquzulwano kwi Officer. NgoNovemba 1929, oko waqala Mishanfusskaya ekhubekisayo, nto leyo nomkhosi yethu inkxaso kanye kwamatanki ezilishumi T-18. Battle kwakhokelwa kumngcelele ndidiniwe, amatanki iimbumbulu wasilela ukunikezela eziqhelekileyo, nkqu iimaphu ndawo zange abe mlilo.

Nakuba kunjalo, i-Chinese bahlaselwa, yaye akazange baphulukana akukho T-18, nangona intshukumo ezikhubekisayo ngokubanzi ithamsanqa Red Army watsho phantsi. Kodwa ezi amadabi itanki abe uvavanyo kakhulu, nto leyo abonakala amathuba nje kuphela, kodwa nengeloncedo kulo matshini. I T-18 iziphene engundoqo itanki lung zaye zachongwa isantya intshukumo eliphantsi firepower encinane kakhulu. Kodwa zizonke, kunye namatanki zidlula zarekomendavali okulungileyo, kwaye ungquzulwano kwi la thaca ubungqina.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Kakhulu ezinxitywa kwaye ngokuphandle lixesha kwamatanki T-18 wadibana Patriotic iMfazwe Enkulu. Inxalenye encinane kuzo, zaya nkonzo iiyunithi netanki, kwaye abanye banikwa ukuya kwindawo enqatyisiweyo. Panzerwaffe eqatha zafunyanwa nokulwa kumda phantse ukuzikhusela ngokuthi kwamatanki yiSoviet. Kwiinyanga zokuqala zemfazwe phantse zonke T-18 itshiswe.

Le yokugqibela esiyivayo ukusetyenziswa kuwo umhla dekabrom empini ukususela 1941, xa sithethele- eMoscow: One anamashumi amahlanu isicima itanki iye oomatshini ezilithoba T-18. Old iitanki ukukhanya okulungileyo ekupheleni koo bakhonza ngokwamanqaku zokubhala kunye emlilweni zokuzifaka apha kwiMpuma Ekude. Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa kuphela iinqaba zabo.

Kutheni T-18?

Kwiminyaka emva Civil kweMfazwe, Soviet Russia, njengokuba kuthiwe, ukoyisa umonakalo omkhulu, kwaba ngokucacileyo ezingathathi ekuvelisweni kwiitanki. Njengoko sikhumbula, ukubuyiselwa kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho wayesiya bathi, ngoko, xa yee-eko, sithetha zomkhosi izixhobo maxesha. Ngowe-1926, njengoko sele ukwazi, oko kwamkelwa inkqubo itanki-lakhiwe iminyaka emithathu.

Programme ibonelela ukuba inkampani ubuncinane umbutho isicwangciso uqeqesho kunye nomkhosi itanki iitanki, elihamba, kunye nokudalwa nkampani kunye nomkhosi ifakwe tankettes. Ukubala ezifunwa kubavelisi abalikhulu elinesibini kwamatanki lohlobo ngalunye. Emva kwentlanganiso Red Army Umyalelo, GUVP kunye oat (nompu-ARSENALNY Trust) kuvunyiwe yemveliso mass asiyonto enzima, kade-ezihambayo kunokuba kakuhle exhobileyo FT-17, naye ibiza kakhulu. Boyiswa elihamba neempelesi tank ukukhanya.

malunga nemali

"Renault-Russian", umzekelo, zixabisa ngoko ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu amawaka engange, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba achithe itanki kuphela elinesibhozo lamawaka omnye, njengoko inkcitho iyonke mayingagqithi engange kwezigidi ezihlanu. Kufuneka kwenziwe kwacaca ukuba ngelo xesha engange yayilingana kangangoko kunye nokumkani. Oku kuthetha ukuba imali namhlanje uya kuba ulingana malunga nezigidi zeerandi. Oko yiprogram yeminyaka emithathu na eko zenkulungwane yokugqibela kunye ayikwazanga ukuphatha uhlobo zemali.

Kukho umahluko iindleko kwiitanki namhlanje ngokuphathelele kwizithuthi ze kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. T-90 zethu, umzekelo, Umbutho ukuthenga engange asixhenxe ezigidi sihlandlo ngasinye. American "Abrams" kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo luqala kwi $ 4.3 million. Noko ke, ekuxhobiseni i T-18 ayinakuze ithelekiswe ne T-90. indima yalo ekuphuhliseni i Red Army ababedlala iitanki yokuqala yiSoviet, sinokuthi kakhulu.