Aziwayo amanani zezopolitiko Russia (uluhlu)

Ngubani na imigaqo-nkqubo? Lo mntu wenza imisebenzi yezopolitiko kwinqanaba lobungcali. Ezinazo ngezandla zabo amandla eyenziwe ngabantu. Abaninzi babo ukuza kulo mhlaba ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ngenxa kwezinye iimeko. Ezo amanani ngokuhamba kwexesha kuqala babe niche kulawulo lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu tipolitiki evela kuThixo. Bona banikwa iseti eyodwa iimpawu zomntu, kwakunye charisma, ngoko ke kwiinginginya zabantu akawanyulanga ngokwabo njengoko iinkokheli zabo, ukuze zidlulisele nakwizibetho zabo nezandla zabo ukulungiselela ukuba ekupheleni. Endzhakunyana senqaku phambi izintlu eziliqela, nto leyo eya kubandakanya amanani zopolitiko Russia, zibandakanyiwe apha ebalini.

XVI-XVII eminyaka

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-16, eRashiya waba uqhekeko phakathi abathetheli, yaye ngamnye kubo siyakuqwalaselwa iinkokeli zezopolitiko kunye nobume ngexesha lakhe. Ukongeza, eli lizwe kakhulu ixesha elide kwaba phantsi kwedyokhwe abahlaseli. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, abantu bafuduka mntu isigqibo ekukhuliseni abantu ukuba balwe i "abahlali". Ngoko ke, iinkokeli semibutho yenkululeko yesizwe kukuba amanani yokuqala ezopolitiko Russia. Nanga amagama abanye babo.

• Kuzma Minin. Ngelishwa, umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe kwiirekhodi apho, kodwa ebudeni kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-16. Yena iqhawe lesizwe kunye nomququzeleli we umzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe.
• Prince nguDmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - zomhleli Minin okuququzelela athathwe yesizwe. Monument kumanani ezimbini neendwe kwi-Red Square.
• Kodwa ke Inkokeli umlimi War leminyaka 1670-1671 of Stepan Razin (1630-1671), i-Cossack Ataman wayichola inyambalala nxamnye ulawulo tsarist. Nanku umzekelo inkcaso ephakathi Russian.

Amanani Political yenkulungwane ye-19 Russia

Ngexesha lokulawula intombi uPetros Enkulu eBhayi kunye nomtshana wakhe uAnny Ioannovny kunye Catherine II kunye nonyana wakhe noPawulos, kwakukho abaninzi abanegama kweli lizwe. Onke la manani zopolitiko eRashiya negalelo kuphuhliso lweli lizwe labo.

Eyokuqala kuluhlu abantu abaninzi kakhulu, mhlawumbi, kufuneka igama Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Ukuba enye yeenkokheli eziphambili yamajoni lizwe, akazange ayeke ukulwa.

Prince nguDmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), odumileyo uzowenza umphengululi, wamkhusela izilangazelelo Russia eFransi nase-Netherlands. Yena nabahlobo kunye zobulumko French ezifana uVoltaire.

Abalandeli uCatherine II

Oku ezisitheleyo n Velikaya weza amandla ngo ubhedu ebhotwe. Enye lwabaququzeleli kwayo kwaba omkhulu ka elizayo uKumkanikazi - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Ngaphandle kuye ebudeni bolawulo ukumkanikazi waba ezinye abezopolitiko Russian, ngubani asekiwe ukuba, sibulela ubabalo senkosikazi karhulumente. amagama abo: UGrigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, UGrigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, piotr Zavodovsky, njl Kunzima ukuba udwelise zonke zakho ze uCatherine II, kodwa phantse zonke omnye wabo waba nempembelelo ezinye nkqubo. lizwe kwexesha elithile.

I abavukeli yokuqala

Ebudeni bolawulo iKumkanikazi lalowo vulavuriweke ezingqondweni kunayo ixesha yaba uAleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). ukucinga elinenkqubela revolution yena phambi kwexesha lakhe, ekhuthaza ukupheliswa serfdom kweli lizwe. Abalandeli izimvo zakhe revolution Russian uNikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), imbongi kunye umbhali, kunye nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Herzen, uMikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - Njengomhlaziyi of anarchism, eyayiyinxalenye isiFrentshi, isiJamani kunye revolution Czech ka-1848-1849 .
"Omnye umdlali" zabo kubizwa ngokuba Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - onamandla onke Tsar Alexander I.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amanani abadumileyo yezopolitiko ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba Sergei Witte (1849-1915). Igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso urhulumente akakwazi azinakulinganiswa nantoni na. Wena wayenokuthi umbulelo izimvo zakhe ezintsha kweli lizwe wenze iintlantsi enkulu phambili.

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 (ixesha pre-mbuso)

Xa kuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini eRashiya kwi kwezopolitiko kweza ezininzi zamaqela, i Mensheviks, kwiBolsheviks, i Octobrists, ayengathandwa lwezeNtlalo, Democrats Social, populists, kunye nabanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkokeli nganye kuzo ngokulula ukwenza uluhlu 'Amanani yezobupolitika eRashiya kwinkulungwane yama-20 (ekuqaleni) ".

Phakathi kwazo, inani iphambili ibe George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - enye yeenkokheli Menshevik. Ngexesha revolution ka-1905-1907. Uye waba inxaxheba kumzabalazo nxamnye namaqhinga yamaBolshevik qhinga. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), lowo uyaziwa yokuba wakhethwa kwintloko yorhulumente yethutyana emva revolution yongxowankulu, izimvo zakhe wezepolitiki SR. Enye yezopolitiko owaziwayo Russian yaba Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Wayengusihlalo KDPR, obengowabaya phambili amaqela zobunene-monarchist kweli lizwe. Ukuya monarchists engumlawuli ziquka mhlaba enkulu kunye wezopolitiko Peter Stolypin. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - kukumthetheli-Black Sea Fleet kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwixesha post-revolution wema iimbono counter-revolution. Kunjalo wathi Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) kunye Anton Denikin. Ngexesha lemfazwe, ukuba bossed umkhosi White Guard. Kodwa kumazantsi Russia imikhosi counter-revolution ephethwe Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba ebantwini, Makhno. Ukuze ngaphezu kwesinye umthetho wogrogriso ngetyala lakhe. U fanele yombutho anarchists.

Iinkokheli umbuso Soviet

La manani yezopolitiko ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze iRashiya kangangoko 73 leminyaka ubudala babegqalwa amaqhawe. ubomi babo amavo, bhala iinoveli, amagama abo babizwa izixeko, imizi-mveliso kunye nezikolo, Komsomol kunye Pioneer amaqembu. Bona iinkokheli iiBolsheviks, kwaye kwixesha elizayo - Communist Party eSoviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). Owazalwa ngo-1870, wafa ngowe-1924 ngenxa yokuba umthetho wogrogriso. Scientist, mbuso, isikhulu yezopolitiko. Emva kokuba October Revolution, nokwazeka ngokuba yinkokeli bezizwana yinxalenye eSoviet Union - ilizwe yenziwe kwi ingcebiso yakhe.

Ncokola of uLenin omnye olwela abadumileyo yamaBolshevik waba uMikhail esibizwa (1875-1946). Ngowe-1923 wonyulwa sihlalo Central Executive Committee eSoviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - odumileyo Cheka Dzerzhinsky, apho inkohlakalo kutshanje uve abaninzi. Waba omnye olwela kakhulu kwiimbono ngeembono, nangona wehla kwintsapho unguwo. Phantse ukususela kwimihla zokuqala eSoviet Union kwi iinqwelo, waba yaBantu Commissariat of Internal Affairs.

Leon noTrotsky (igama lokwenyani Bronstein) njenge iinkokeli obalaseleyo revolution eSoviet Union. Noko ke, emva kokufa uLenin yakhe, waqala agxeke iinkokheli yiSoviet, ingakumbi Stalin, apho wagxothwa eli lizwe. Ekubeni babhadula eYurophu, wazinza Mexico, apho waqalisa ukubhala incwadi malunga uYosefu Dzhugashvili - inkokeli entsha yabantu Soviet. Yaba Stalin wayala ekuvalweni noTrotsky. Wafa ngowe-1940 e-uhlaselo.

UNobhala Jikelele CPSU

Ngubani usenokuba kwaziwa ngcono eSoviet Union ngaphezu USSR kunye neenkokeli Russian zezopolitiko (emva USSR kokuwa). Phakathi kwabo isikhundla esa awayephantsi oonobhala lokuqala pariah. Apha ngezantsi luluhlu ngokupheleleyo.

• UJoseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Koko wabubhekisa inkokheli ofisi P. emva kokufa uLenin kaThixo. Namhlanje, igama lakhe linxulunyaniswa ingcinezelo ubundlobongela yezigidi ngaphezu ezimbini abemi abamsulwa Soviet, kwaye ityala konke oku ukungathembani zophendlo lwezifo inkokeli eSoviet.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Ukususela ngo-1953, yena wonyulwa unobhala yokuqala CPSU Committee Central. ixesha i "nobudlelwane" aqalisa Ekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe. Ezininzi abemi zinganakwa kule nkampu akhululwa kwimo. Noko ke, ihlabathi liya kumkhumbula ngenxa ukuzibandeza yakhe kwiholo UN yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, betha eqongeni imbadada yakhe.
• Z Brezhnev (1906-1982). era yakhe yabalasela nempumelelo, urhwaphilizo kunye ukunyoba.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Le ndoda ebonakala cwaka yaye ingathi yimimangaliso, phambi kokuba unobhala yokuqala P., wabubhekisa iKGB, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba ubukrelekrele yayo kunye noqeqesho olulodwa. Emva kokufa Brezhnev kaThixo, waza wamiselwa nesithuba sikanobhala lokuqala Communist Party kweli lizwe. Kodwa kule post ke akwasala nanye elide kakhulu, kwiminyaka nje 2.
• Unobhala elandelayo uKonstantin Chernenko kwakhona ngokufutshane wakhokela Communist Party eSoviet Union, kuphela unyaka. Malunga umsebenzi wakhe, bambalwa abantu namhlanje unokukhumbula.
• Ke ekugqibeleni, unobhala lokugqibela jikelele CPSU - uMikhail Gorbachev. Kwakhona waba ngumongameli wokuqala eSoviet Union. Sengqondo kuyo iye yaxutywa phakathi kwabantu. Ekubeni igama lakhe lu dityanisiwe perestroika, glasnost, kwawa ungquzulwano phakathi-regional, sokonakalisa amazwe Commonwealth - nxaxheba Warsaw Pact, ukuwa Berlin Wall, njl

Abezopolitiko of Russia yanamhlanje

Ekuqaleni kuluhlu, Kakade ke, la amagama abantu ababelapho imvelaphi ngurhulumente omtsha Russian. Ke kaloku ngowokuqala phakathi kwabo Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. Waye owayesakuba itshantliziyo ngumKomanisi, kodwa waba yinkokeli geqe Russian kunye umongameli wokuqala edume kukhethwa i-Russian Federation. Ngo-2000, waba ngenxa yezizathu zempilo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa.

Emva kokumka Yeltsin ukususela imeko yezopolitiko imisebenzi bakhe baphathiswa okwethutyana elingaziwa oselula Petersburger Putin. Namhlanje, Noko ke, akukho iinkokeli zezopolitiko laseRashiya kwinkulungwane yama-21 abakwazi ukukhuphisana naye ngokuthandwa phakathi kwabantu. Waye kabini umongameli ngamandla amakhulu, kwakunye ekupheleni kwethuba lesibini wanika izintso ukuba compatriot wakhe nguDmitry Medvedev, kwangaxeshanye ukuthatha isithuba sokuba yinkulumbuso. Noko ke, emva kwethuba lokuqala Medvedev wabuya i "ikhuni kamongameli" Putin, yaye wathabatha isithuba sokuba yinkulumbuso. Ngokufutshane, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Ngokuba lixesha lesithathu wathatha njengomongameli lizwe likhulu ehlabathini.

Iinkokeli zamaqela ezopolitiko Russia

Njengokuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwi-90 kwinkulungwane yama-20 urhulumente Russian, umkhosi zamaqela ezopolitiko, phakathi leyo inkulu ke "United Russia", "Apple", i-Enesisa Democratic Party, Communist Party, kunye nabanye. Iinkokheli zawo ngokulandelelana isenzo Vladimir Putin and nguDmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, uVladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

endaweni yesiphelo

Izintlu angasentla Russian nosaziwayo kwezopolitiko, Kakade, ngeke kubizwa ngokuba epheleleyo. kwakukho abaninzi ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Noko ke, amagama abezepolitiki ukuba ziqukiwe kubo, kunokwenzeka ukuba igama ebonakalayo.