Izinyithi Non-ayoni: iimpawu kunye neendawo ukusetyenziswa. Uqwalaselo zesinyithi non-ayoni

izinyithi Non-ayoni kunye aluminium zabo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino. Kubo ukuvelisa izixhobo, izixhobo, izinto, kunye sakhiwo. Isicelo Bona Sofunyanwa kwimizobo, ezifana sokwakhiwa ezikhumbuzo eqingqiweyo. Zeziphi iintsimbi non-ayoni? Ziziphi iimpawu ntoni ezinawo? Makhe sibone oko.

Yintoni izinyithi?

Ekuqaleni isifundo igama "metal" olubandakanya izimbiwa kunye esikrwada, ukuze kwahlulwe le nto yaqala kuphela kwinkulungwane XVI. Metals - ezi zizinto ezilula ukuba ilifa iimpawu ezithile. Iimpawu eziphambili ke conductivity thermal kunye Unikezelo lombane, ductility, ebuntsimbi Ndileka, plasticity aphezulu kunye namandla ngaxeshanye.

Xa Table Periodic abarhanelwa ziquka 94 element. Iipropati imichiza, ukuba yahlulwe obrak, senguqu, ukukhanya, lanthanides, actinides, semi-izinyithi, njalo njalo. D. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuba ekuqaleni sikarhulumente esiqinileyo.

Enye intsimbi kakhulu ethandwa ukusebenzisa - yentsimbi. Aluminiyamu ayoni, ekuthiwa isinyithi ayoni, kushishino abahlala kuyo ishishini niche eyahlukileyo. Ezi ziquka aluminiyamu ezifana zentsimbi nensimbi. Kuba izinyithi ayoni ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa chromium kunye manganese. Abanye anemibala.

izinyithi Non-ayoni

Olu hlobo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba iintsimbi "non-ayoni". Xa kuthelekiswa omnyama, abaqinisekanga zithandwa kakhulu ukuba ukunxiba, kufuneka ukumelana ephakamileyo ukumelana nomlilo. izinyithi Non-ayoni zezilungela kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuqhuba. Ukuze ube aluminiyamu acid ezingatshiyo.

Zahlula ngokwamaqela eziliqela, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokwanda. Ngoko ke, kukho enzima kunye nokukhanya. Ku fanele kowokuqala ilothe, inkcenkce, imetyhuri, izinc, kwaye le yesibini - wemagniziyam, beryllium, lithium aluminium. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, Tungsten kwachazwa ngokuthi eliyinjubaqa.

Bodwa nesinyithi ezinqabileyo kunye anqabileyo. I enqabileyo ubalisa tantalum, molybdenum, Radium, thorium. Abayi aqheleka kakhulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kunye nokusebenza kwabo nzima. izinyithi Noble okanye anqabileyo ngokuphelele ngeke namhlwa yaye ukukhazimla okhethekileyo. Bathi thaca igolide, platinum, isilivere, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Processing nezokwenza

Ukumbiwa processing zesinyithi non-ayoni zifuna izibonelelo ngaphezu unyango ensimbi, njengoko anqabe kakhulu ke. Le ores uqobo anokuqulatha ukuya kwi-5% yomenzeli iyingenelo into esetyenziswa kwishishini. Ngokukhawuleza emva nezokukhupha esikrwada okucebisayo, yahlukanisa ukusuka gangue, ukwandisa isiqulatho metal.

Emva koko, ke phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukutshintsha ubukhulu, imilo, iimpawu. Amanyathelo indlela kunye nobuchule zithengiswe zixhomekeke kwinjongo ezabelwe yona. izinyithi Non-ayoni singaquka ukubumba zabo, ngokucindezela, elibenze, welding, njalo njalo. D. Kuba ezithile iimpawu zabo oxutywe omnye komnye. I-aluminiyamu ezaziwayo-kakuhle eyenziwe aluminium steel, babbitt, ubhedu, silumin, zazezobhedu.

Eyona ethandwayo mveliso iintsimbi non-ayoni - aluminiyam nangobhedu. silwenza zabo Russia, eUnited States, Italy, Jamani, Japan, Australia, kunye Latin America. Uninzi kwimigodi yobhedu eChile. Guinea kwi njengenkokheli yoshishino lehlabathi ekuveliseni webauxite ekuvelisweni welothe - Austria, itoti - Indonesia. UMzantsi Afrika ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala kwimveliso igolide nesilivere geni Mexico.

Ukusetyenziswa zesinyithi

izinyithi Non-ayoni kunye aluminium zabo izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, yonke imihla kufuneka sijongane nabo. Benza izibambo, bawapheka ngeembiza, oongxawu, kunye zombane ikhaya digital, ifenitshala, izibane kunye nangaphezulu.

ngokubanzi ukuba zisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Kwabo ezenziwe ngocingo, izikrufu, amandongomane, izikrufu, izikhonkwane, wenze izitya ngefoyile ye ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo, bands, iimakhishithi neetyhubhu.

izinyithi Non-ayoni ezifanele ukwenziwa kwezixhobo enkulu, ke ngoko esetyenziswa kwishishini wokhuselo lo. Bona alula kakhulu intsimbi, ngoko wasebenzisa apho kuyimfuneko amandla kunye yesandi ngaxeshanye, ezifana neemoto, iinqanawa, ii nkwili kunye moya.

Copper isetyenziswa bokwakha, xa mveliso imibhobho. Kuba iyahlala idityaniswa igolide kwi jewellery ukwenziwa. Khokela idityaniswe inki, isetyenziselwa iintambo zombane, kuba ukwenziwa Iimbumbulu kunye neziqhushumbisi. Lithium efunekayo ekuveliseni neebhetri kwealkali ukuba ngokukhanya e elektroniki, ukuba amayeza.

Iimpawu kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Eyona metal iqhelekileyo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba - aluminiyam. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto evulekileyo ikwindawo yesithathu, emva oksijini lesilicon. Ngokwahlukileyo kuyo kukho metal oluLula ezinqabileyo kwindalo, ogama emva emlanjeni German Rhein.

Lithium nguye elula. Kuye ezixineneyo ephantsi, ngoko nkqu ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise separafini. Lithium yityhefu kwaye ebangela eshe ulusu kunye ukuluma. It ligcinwa zaphatha ezizodwa ioli izimbiwa okanye iparafini.

Kakhulu ingqalelo Tungsten eliyinjubaqa. Isenokuba kunyibilika kwiqondo lobushushu ngentla 3422 degrees Celsius kwethumba - ngama 5555. Ngenxa lo msebenzi isetyenziselwa olu cingwana kwi iibhalbhu ukukhanya kinescopes.